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1.
采用定向凝固技术制备出两种不同成分的NiAl-Mo共晶复合材料,研究在不同抽拉速率下该合金的凝固组织特性.结果表明:46.59Ni-45.61Al-7.8Mo(at%,下同)合金在不同抽拉速率下都形成了亚共晶组织,初生的NiAl相呈树枝晶状,并且随着抽拉的进行,优先生长方向与热流方向不一致的枝晶被逐渐淘汰;随着抽拉速率的增加,NiAl相的枝晶间距也不断的减小.44.86Ni-46.3Al-9.01Mo合金在不同抽拉速率下皆形成以棒状Mo相镶嵌在NiAl基体中的共晶组织,随着抽拉速率的增加,Mo相的平均直径和平均棒间距有越来越小的趋势,在抽拉速率达到14 mm/h以上时,Mo相由连续的、排列均匀的棒状变为断续的、排列不均匀的棒状.  相似文献   

2.
采用液态金属冷却法在恒定温度梯度GL=334 K/cm,大生长速率范围内(2~300μm/s)对Ni-45.5Al-9Mo (摩尔分数,%)共晶合金进行定向凝固制备。研究生长速率(v)对纤维间距(λ)、纤维直径(d)和纤维体积分数的影响。在实验中发现平界面和胞界面两类共晶生长界面。在平界面和胞界面组织中,生长速率(v)与纤维间距(λ)和纤维直径(d)的关系经回归分析分别为:λv1/2=5.90μm·μm1/2·s1/2和 dv1/2=2.18μm·μm1/2·s1/2。Mo纤维的体积分数可在一定的范围内随生长速率进行调整,这是由生长过程中界面前沿过冷度的增加及共晶组织中各组成相的生长特性引起的。  相似文献   

3.
采用恒速及跃迁减速定向凝固方法制备了Al-40%Cu(质量分数)过共晶合金,对金属间化合物初生Al2Cu相的组织及取向演化进行了研究.结果表明,当定向凝固速率恒定为10μm/s,抽拉100 mm时,合金成分随着凝固距离的增大而减小,初生Al2Cu相枝晶由规则棱面V型转变为非棱面形貌,在抽拉距离80 mm附近消失,其生长方向由[110]方向转变为(121)晶面的法线方向;当定向凝固速率由10μm/s跃迁减速至2μm/s时,合金成分在变速界面后随着凝固距离的增大先增大后减少,初生Al2Cu相枝晶由规则棱面V型变为非棱面长条状形貌而后消失,其体积分数先增大后减少,Al2Cu相的生长方向由[110]方向转变为平行于热流方向的[001]方向.定向凝固恒速与跃迁变速下初生Al2Cu相枝晶生长机制存在异同,凝固工艺参数成为影响枝晶最终组织形态和生长方向的主要因素.  相似文献   

4.
采用具有高温度梯度的液态金属冷却工艺,制备Ni-33Al-28Cr-5.94Mo-0.05Hf-0.01Ho共晶合金.利用扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)分析该合金的微观组织,用Gleeble1500测试合金室温压缩性能.研究表明:该工艺能够制备出较规则的定向组织;并细化NiAl/Cr(Mo)共晶层片,使NiAl/Cr(Mo)两相发生固溶度扩展,产生了有效的固溶及第二相强化;合金的室温压缩性能随抽拉速率的增加变化较小.  相似文献   

5.
本文采用定向凝固技术制备NiAl-32V伪二元亚共晶合金,研究该合金在高温热处理后不同抽拉速率稳态区组织形貌,并分析其热稳定性及组织形貌变化规律。结果表明:该合金初生相组织在900℃(5~100h)组织热稳定性良好;NiAl相共晶层片均有粗化与球化现象,且热处理时间越久,粗化程度越大,球化现象越明显。不同温度(900℃、1000℃、1100℃)5h高温热处理后该合金初生相面积占比也略有变化,所有试样(抽拉速率V=6~150μm/s)NiAl共晶层片均有粗化与球化现象;随着热处理温度的增加,粗化和球化现象愈明显。  相似文献   

6.
通过改变定向凝固前的保温时间,研究热稳定处理对定向凝固Ti-46Al-0.5W-0.5Si(摩尔分数,%)合金组织和性能的影响。在稳定的温度梯度下(G=20K/mm),定向凝固启动前试样分别保温5、15、30、45和60min,然后试样以恒定的速度(v=30μm/s)进行定向凝固实验。测量定向凝固组织的一次枝晶间距(λ1)、二次枝晶间距(λ2)、层片间距(λL)和显微硬度(HV),并分析这些参数与热稳定处理时间(t)的关系。λ1、λ2和λL的值随着t的延长而增大,而HV则随着t的延长而减小。在定向凝固启动前,延长热稳定时间有助于获得良好的定向凝固组织,然而,过长的保温时间则会降低合金的力学性能。因此,需要优化定向凝固前的热稳定处理时间。根据实验结果,在当前实验条件下,定向凝固前热稳定处理时间选择30min,既能够获得良好的定向凝固组织,又能保持合金较高的力学性能。  相似文献   

7.
采用高温度梯度液态金属冷却技术(LMC)制备了Ni-28.5Al-43V (at%)过共晶合金,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和三点弯曲(3PB)测试对合金的组织演变和断裂韧性进行了研究.在温度梯度GL=310 K/cm,生长速率V=6~150 μm/s的实验条件下,NiAl-43V的凝固组织均为初生V枝晶...  相似文献   

8.
Pb-Bi亚共晶和包晶合金的快速凝固   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
韩秀君  王楠  魏炳波 《金属学报》2000,36(6):573-578
采用硅油净化法使大体积Pb-50%Bi亚共晶合金和Pb-29.2%Bi包晶合金分别获得了45K(0.11TL)和117K(0.23TL)的过冷度,并对这两种合金快速凝固过程中ε金属间化合物相的组织开矿及随过冷度的变化规律进行了探讨,对于Pb-50%Bi亚共晶合金,实验发现ε相以枝晶方式生长,随着这冷度的增大,ε相枝晶细化显著,最大过冷度处一次和二次枝晶间距细化达一个数量级,同时在过冷度达45K的试  相似文献   

9.
金属间化合物Fe_2B除具有金属间化合物的共性外,还具有优良的耐熔锌腐蚀性能,但是它的本质脆性阻碍了它得到进一步的应用。因此,Fe_2B的韧化是很有研究价值的。通过熔炼Fe-8.8%B-n%Cr(n=0.3,0.5,1,2,3,4,5)的方法得到Fe_2B相,并进行了耐熔锌腐蚀试验及Fe_2B相断裂韧性的测量。结果表明,Cr的含量低于2%时对其耐熔锌腐蚀性能却影响不大;当Cr添加量在0.5%~3%范围内时Fe_2B相的断裂韧性明显提高。  相似文献   

10.
采用六面顶压机制备2和4 GPa下高压凝固试样,并在真空封装后进行1100 ℃保温12 h空冷的高温热处理实验,研究经高压凝固后Ti-48Al合金组织的演变规律以及高压凝固后热处理对Ti-48Al合金组织变化的影响。结果表明:经高压凝固后,随着凝固压力的增加,枝晶间γ相数量减少;当压力到达4 GPa时,片层组织的体积分数约为99.31%。经热处理后,常压凝固试样变化不大,而高压凝固试样中均形成魏氏组织,采用1100 ℃炉冷热处理和EBSD技术进行分析,确定了高压下魏氏体组织的形成机制。  相似文献   

11.
    
The microstructure evolution and room temperature fracture toughness of as-cast and directionally solidified NiAl-Cr(Fe) alloy were investigated using OM, SEM, EDS, DSC and three-point bending tests. From the as-cast microstructure and DSC result, NiAl-34Cr-4Fe (at.%) is a eutectic alloy which consists of eutectic cells in different sizes. The half-baked mesh-like structure is observed at the cell center, and the radial emanating thicker or longer Cr(Fe) phases embedded within NiAl matrix are observed near or at the cell boundary. In the directional solidification process, the solid-liquid interface morphology has an evolutionary process of planar to cellular, even dendritic interface with increasing the withdrawal rates, and the eutectic cell and the microstructure at the cell center refines gradually. From the transverse microstructure, the characteristic of eutectic cell is similar to that of eutectic cell in as-cast alloy. It can be seen from the longitudinal colony/cell center that the broken (short) Cr(Fe) rods are observed at 6 μm/s, and they evolve to granular Cr(Fe) phases when the withdrawal rate increases further. Moreover, regardless of vacuum induction melting (as-cast) and directional solidification, NiAl-34Cr-4Fe (at.%) eutectic alloy possesses a poor fracture toughness due to the inferior brittleness of both NiAl and Cr(Fe) phases. Meanwhile, the crack propagation and fracture surface are observed to better understand the fracture behavior.  相似文献   

12.
R. A. Varin 《Scripta materialia》2001,45(12):1357-1363
In the present paper the regression analysis of the fracture toughness data obtained from 3 and 4 pt bending of single-edge pre-cracked beam and chevron-notched beam specimens of various intermetallic alloys calculated from the work of fracture γwof and the maximum load on the load–displacement curve is carried out in order to establish a relationship between both quantities.  相似文献   

13.
    
Room-temperature fracture toughnesses of TiC-added Mo-Si-B alloys were evaluated for samples of three different compositions prepared using a conventional Ar arc-melting technique. The first alloy (TiCp) had a primary phase during solidification of NaCl-type TiC including an amount of Mo, with a Mo solid solution (Moss) volume fraction of approximately 49% and a TiC volume fraction of approximately 19%, while the volume fraction of Mo5SiB2 (T2) was approximately 31% and the remaining 1% was Mo2C including an amount of Ti. The second alloy (T2p) had a primary phase of T2, with volume fractions of Moss, TiC, Mo5SiB2 (T2), and Mo2C of approximately 38%, 4%, 45%, and 13%, respectively. The third alloy (Mop) had a primary phase of Moss, with volume fractions of Moss, TiC, Mo5SiB2 (T2), and Mo2C of approximately 55%, 8%, 32%, and 6%, respectively. Room-temperature fracture toughness was evaluated by three different bending tests using Chevron-notched specimens. Fracture toughness values obtained by the three methods were relatively close with good reproducibility. Consequently, the fracture toughness values of TiCp, T2p, and Mop were evaluated to be ∼15.2 MPa(m)1/2, ∼10.5 MPa(m)1/2, and ∼13.6 MPa(m)1/2, respectively. Fracture surface observations indicated that the Moss phase is subject to severe plastic deformation during the fracture process. The TiC phase was also noted to leave river patterns behind through crack propagation. These fractographic results suggest that not only the ductile-phase toughening by the Moss phase but also an extra-toughening mechanism by the TiC phase are responsible for the goodness of the room-temperature fracture toughness of the MoSiBTiC alloys.  相似文献   

14.
Sn–1.2 wt.% Cu alloy was prepared in a graphite crucible under the vacuum atmosphere. The samples were directionally solidified upwards under argon atmosphere with different temperature gradients (G = 2.69–8.88 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V = 6.80 μm/s) and with different growth rates (V = 2.78–136.36 μm/s) at a constant temperature gradient (G = 2.69 K/mm) by using a Bridgman-type directional solidification apparatus. The microstructure of Sn–1.2 wt.% Cu alloy seems to be rod eutectic structure. The rod spacings (λ) were measured from both transverse and longitudinal sections of the samples. The influence of the growth rate (V) and temperature gradient (G) on the rod spacings (λ) and undercoolings (ΔT) was analysed. The values of λ2V, λ2G, Δ, ΔTV−0.5 and ΔTG0.5 were determined by using the Jackson–Hunt eutectic theory. The results obtained in the present work have been compared with the similar experimental results obtained in the previous works for binary alloys.  相似文献   

15.
采用真空电弧熔炼制备了Ni-34Al-32V(at.%)及Ni-28.5Al-43V(at.%)成分的合金。对于真空电弧熔炼纽扣锭不同位置处微观组织及力学性能进行了研究。利用光学显微镜(OM),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM) 分析了合金不同凝固位置处的相组成和组织形态, 结果表明,32V合金的凝固组织由NiAl初生枝晶及NiAl+V片层共晶组成;43V合金的凝固组织由V初生枝晶与NiAl+V片层共晶共同组成。同时对合金进行了力学性能测试,高温压缩强度与室温断裂韧性较NiAl合金均有很大提高,表明V的加入可提高NiAl合金的室温断裂韧性与高温强度。  相似文献   

16.
    
An Nb-Silicide in situ composite with a nominal composition of Nb-16Si-10Ti-10Mo-5Hf (at. %) was fabricated by mechanical alloying followed by hot-pressing sintering. The microstructure consisted of an Nb solid solution, Nb5Si3 and a small amount of Nb3Si. This in-situ composite exhibited good balance of strength between ambient temperature and high temperatures; the ultimate tensile strength was 413 and 496 MPa at room temperature and 1200 °C, respectively. The tensile fracture behavior was dominated by cleavage of the Nbss and Nb5Si3 at 1200 °C and lower temperatures. However, the fracture behavior was governed by ductile rupture of Nbss at 1300 °C and higher temperature, which was ascribed to both the increased ductility of Nbss and the decreased interface strength. At 1400 °C and higher temperature, the material exhibited extensive plasticity or superplasticity; the dominant deformation mechanism was grain boundary sliding at 1400 °C and higher temperature.  相似文献   

17.
采用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结方法制备了Nb-16Si-10Ti-10Mo-5Hf原位复合材料。采用不同温度下的拉伸试验评价了其力学性能,结合其不同温度下的断口形貌研究了其变形机制。结果表明,复合材料的微观组织由Nbss(铌固溶体)、金属间化合物Nb_5Si_3和少量的Nb_3Si相组成,晶粒呈等轴状。室温和1200℃抗拉强度分别为413和496 MPa。从室温到1200℃拉伸断裂方式为Nb5Si3相解理脆性断裂,1200℃拉伸延伸率仅为1.2%;然而,在1300℃拉伸试验中,其拉伸延伸率为27%,这归因于Nbss延性的增加和界面/晶界强度的降低;在1400℃和更高的温度,材料具有极大的塑性或超塑性,塑性变形机制由晶内滑移转变为晶界滑移。晶界滑移在三叉晶界处产生的应力集中通过软化的Nbss协调而释放,从而避免了早期断裂。  相似文献   

18.
    
Intermetallic Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W, B, Y) alloys were directionally solidified at constant growth rates (V) ranging from 10 to 400 μm/s under the temperature gradient G = 3.8 × 103 K/m. Quenching was performed at the end of directional solidification (DS) experiments. Microstructure evolution was investigated by analyzing the microstructures formed at the quenching interfaces and in the DS regions. The primary dendritic arm spacing (λ) decreases with increasing growth rate according to the relationship λ ∝ V−0.36. Both the width of columnar grain (λw) and the interlamellar spacing (λs) decrease with increasing growth rate according to the relationships λwV−1.13 and λs ∝ V−0.32, respectively. Lamellar microstructure initially disappears from the dendrites at the growth rate of 100 μm/s and subsequently from the interdendritic regions when the growth rate is up to 200 μm/s. The B2 particles can precipitate in the interdendritic regions.  相似文献   

19.
In–21.5 at.% Bi–17.8 at.% Sn ternary alloy which has 333 K melting point was directionally solidified upward with a constant temperature gradient (G = 0.91 K/mm) in a wide range of growth rates (3.2–157.1 μm/s) with a Bridgman type directional solidification furnace. The lamellar spacings (λ) and microhardness values (HV) were measured from both transverse and longitudinal sections of the samples. The dependence of lamellar spacings (λ) and microhardness (HV) on the growth rate (V) was determined by using linear regression analysis. According to these results, it has been found that the value of λ decreases with the increasing value of V and whereas, the value of HV increases for a constant G. The values of λ2V were determined by using the measured values of λ and V. The results obtained in this work have been compared with the previous similar experimental results obtained for binary or ternary alloys.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

The durability of the springs is limited by plastic deformation, fatigue and fracturing. From this point of view, the use of spring steel with following properties is recommended: high ductility and toughness at operation temperatures from ?40°C to +50°C, good hardenability that provides required mechanical properties even at maximum dimensions. For the manufacturers of springs, the information relating to the heat treatment of specific spring steel is important. This paper describes the influence of heat treatment parameters on tensile strength Rm, yield strength Rp0·2, fracture toughness KIc, impact toughness, Charpy-V as a function of tempering temperature in the range from 350 to 700°C for a specific austenitising temperature. Also the difference between the properties given by the mathematical modelling of heat treatment using the computer software Hardenability and the properties obtained by testing the heat treated samples are presented.  相似文献   

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