固相反应法快速制备纳米结构CoSb_3及其热电性能（英文）

采用固相反应法成功合成了具有纳米结构的p型Co Sb3。采用XRD和SEM对样品的物相组成和晶体结构进行了表征。在室温下对不同温度和保温时间制备的样品进行了电学性质测试,选择了室温功率因子较高的样品,研究了不同温度下的热电性能。结果表明:采用球磨结合固相反应法可以制备出单相的方钴矿热电材料,所制备的样品内部含有孔径均匀的微气孔,晶粒尺寸在纳米范围。当制备温度为863 K时,在测试温度469.8 K时,样品获得最大Seebeck系数222.64μV/K。当样品制备温度903 K时,样品测试温度570 K时获得最大功率因子132.17μW/(m·K~2),且在测试温度600 K时得到最大的热电优值ZT约为0.053。     

纳米BaTiO3复合Cu1.8S块体的热电性能和力学性能研究

Cu_1.8S作为一种P型半导体热电材料,具有环境友好、原料丰富、价格低廉等优点而受到广泛关注。本研究采用机械合金化(Mechanical Alloying, MA)结合放电等离子烧结(Spark Plasma Sintering, SPS)工艺制备了一系列Cu_1.8S-x wt%BaTiO₃ (x =0,0.075,0.1,0.15,0.2)块体材料,研究了复合纳米BaTiO₃对Cu_1.8S的相结构、微观形貌、热电性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米BaTiO₃的加入不影响Cu_1.8S的相结构、晶胞参数和载流子浓度;纳米BaTiO₃均匀分布在Cu_1.8S基体的晶界处产生钉扎效应进而细化晶粒并产生气孔。Cu_1.8S-0.2 wt%BaTiO₃样品在773 K时获得最低的热导率2.2 Wm^_-1K^_-1,所有样品的ZT值基本保持不变约0.39 (773 K)。同时Cu_1.8S-x wt%BaTiO₃块体样品的维氏硬度由82 (x = 0)增加到87 (x = 0.2)。本研究表明在Cu_1.8S中复合纳米BaTiO₃可以在不影响材料热电性能的前提下有效提升块体样品的力学性能,为后续Cu-S体系热电性能和力学性能的协同提升提供了思路,有利于制备高机械性能且稳定耐用的Cu-S体系的热电器件。     

Na_(1.4)Co_2O_4基热电材料的溶胶-凝胶法制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Sr, Li和Cu的Na_1.4Co₂O₄基热电材料, 采用XRD分析了Na_1.4Co₂O₄基热电材料的相组成.通过DTA-TG曲线确定材料的预烧结和终烧结温度分别为450和850 ℃. 研究了掺杂量对Na_1.4Co₂O₄基材料电阻率、Seebeck系数和功率因子等热电性能的影响. 结果表明, 掺杂Li可降低Na_1.4Co₂O₄的电阻率, 掺杂 Sr和Cu使材料的电阻率增加; 掺杂Li和Cu可大幅度提高Na_1.4Co₂O₄的Seebeck系数和功率因子; 掺杂Sr的改善效果不显著, 掺杂Li的效果最好; 当Li掺杂量为0.40, Na_1.4Co₂O₄基热电材料的功率因子在15℃时达到最大值 7444.73 μW?m^-1?K^-2.     

四元Mg2Si0.27Ge0.05Sn0.65Sb0.03固溶体的热电性能

通过氧化硼助熔剂法和放电等离子烧结技术制备了Mg_2(1+x)Si_0.27Ge_0.05Sn_0.65Sb_0.03 (x = 0.05, 0.08)四元固溶体热电材料。测量了在300 K - 800 K 的温度区间内测试了所有四元固溶体试样的塞贝克系数、电导率和热导率。研究结果表明随着温度的升高电导率单调降低而塞贝克系数单调升高,所有样品的晶格热导率明显高于通过Abeles模型计算所得到的理论值。最高无量纲热电优值出现在x=0.08样品中,在800 K时达到最高值1.0.     

FeTe<sub>2</sub>化合物快速制备及电学输运性能研究

利用真空高温烧结的方法,在803K~923K的温度范围内快速合成了单相的合金化合物FeTe<sub>2</sub>。在制备温度为863.15K时,考查了不同保温时间对制备单相样品FeTe<sub>2</sub>的影响规律。制备出的样品进行了XRD和SEM分析,并在室温下对样品进行了电阻率和Seebeck系数的测试分析。研究结果表明：在温度803K~923K的温度范围内,采用高温烧结反应能够快速制备出单相的多晶体化合物FeTe<sub>2</sub>;制备出的样品内部均匀存在许多微米级孔洞。经室温电学性质测试,样品在制备温度为863.15K保温时间60min时获得最大Seebeck系数88.21μV/k。当制备温度为803.15K保温时间30min时,获得最小电阻率为7.86 mΩ.cm。样品在制备温度923.15K保温30min时,获得最大功率因子53.82 μW/(m.k<sub>2</sub>)。     

氟化钇薄膜的低温红外光学性能

采用离子束辅助电子束蒸发方法在硒化锌基底上制备氟化钇(YF₃)单层650 nm薄膜样品,基于其空间低温应用环境,利用液氮杜瓦及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪建立的薄膜材料变温光学测试系统,测试了薄膜样品在80~300 K温度条件下,在1~15 μm波长范围的光谱透射率。基于该测试结果,利用全光谱反演拟合方法对YF₃薄膜在低温下的折射率变化情况进行了研究。结果表明,YF₃薄膜折射率均随波长增大而减小,且在不同温度下变化趋势基本相同。基于Cauchy色散公式得到了YF₃薄膜在低温下的折射率与波长及温度的关系表达式,其折射率温度系数dn/dT约为6.95×10⁻⁴K⁻¹,对在任一低温下YF₃薄膜折射率快速计算提供了一个较好的方法。最后通过比较该公式得到的在300 K与80 K温度下的设计值与实际测量值的结果验证了该折射率计算表达式的准确性。     

高温热压法制备La(Fe, Si)13Hy系磁制冷材料的磁热性能研究

La(Fe, Si)₁₃H_Y系合金是一种极具发展潜力的室温磁制冷材料,但该材料易粉化,如何成型并保持大磁热效应成为了亟需解决的问题。本文采用中频感应炉熔炼La_0.8Ce_0.2Fe_11.51Mn_0.19Si_1.3母合金并退火,之后制备成粉末。合金粉末在650 ℃, 850 ℃和1050 ℃不同温度下热压成型,将热压块体合金加工成薄片后进行饱和氢化。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、VersLab对样品的相组成、微观结构、磁热性能进行了研究。在1050 ℃下热压样品的孔隙率最低,最大体积磁熵变最高,达到了144.7 mJ/cm^₃?K。1050 ℃热压样品氢化后居里温度提高至室温附近,仍保持了一级磁相变的大磁热效应,且没有裂痕产生,保持了完整性。     

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Co1-xNixFe2O4/SiO2 NANOCOMPOSITES

采用溶胶--凝胶法制备了Co_1-xNi_xFe₂O₄/SiO₂(0 ≤x ≤1.0)纳米复合材料. 利用XRD, TEM, 振动样品磁强计(VSM)和Mossbauer谱测试了900℃热处理样
品的结构、晶粒尺寸和磁性. 结果表明, 样品中Co_1-xNi_xFe₂O₄铁氧体的平均晶粒尺寸在15---20 nm之间, Ni²⁺的掺杂引起CoFe₂O₄晶胞体积减小. VSM结果表明, 随Ni²⁺含量的增加, 样品的比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力变小. Mossbauer谱表明, 室温下各样品均处于磁有序状态, 样品的内磁场随Ni²⁺含量的增加而变小.     

FeTe_2化合物快速制备及电学输运性能

利用真空高温烧结的方法,在803.15～923.15 K的温度范围内快速合成了单相的合金化合物FeTe_2。在制备温度为863.15 K时,考查了不同保温时间对制备单相样品FeTe_2的影响规律。制备出的样品进行了XRD和SEM分析,并在室温下对样品进行了电阻率和Seebeck系数的测试分析。结果表明:在803.15～923.15 K的温度范围内,采用高温烧结反应能够快速制备出单相的多晶体化合物FeTe_2;制备出样品内部均匀存在许多微米级的孔洞。经室温电学性质测试,样品在制备温度为863.15 K保温时间60 min时获得最大Seebeck系数88.21μV/K。当制备温度为803.15 K,保温时间30 min时,获得最小电阻率为7.86 mΩ·cm。样品在制备温度923.15 K,保温30 min时,获得最大功率因子53.82μW/(m·K~2)和最大ZT值为0.0076。     

氧化钒薄膜的电学性质研究

采用离子束溅射和退火工艺，在K9玻璃基体上制备了氧化钒薄膜，并对其微观形貌及组成进行了研究。SEM结果表明，所制备的氧化钒薄膜均匀致密，晶粒尺寸达纳米量级，平均约50nm。由XPS分析可知，薄膜中钒的价态为+4价和+5价，薄膜由VO₂和V₂O₅组成。自行研制了一套实时测量、动态显示测量结果的电阻—温度关系测试系统。应用该测试系统测量了薄膜电阻随温度变化的关系曲线，发现所制备的氧化钒薄膜具有显著的电阻突变特性，其低温段的激活能为0.3106eV，25℃时的电阻温度系数为-0.0406K^-1 。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.