CP-Ti在含氟离子硝酸中电化学腐蚀行为

采用开路电位(OCP)、动电位极化曲线(PPC)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS) 3种电化学测试手段对工业纯钛(CP-Ti)在含氟离子硝酸溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:随着硝酸溶液中氟离子浓度的增加,CP-Ti耐蚀性变差;影响CP-Ti耐蚀性转变的临界氟离子浓度为1. 25 mmol/L;氟离子与CP-Ti表面的氧化膜发生反应,致使均匀、致密的氧化膜溶解转变为多孔膜,降低了CP-Ti的耐蚀性。     

超声辅助对共沉淀法制备富锂锰基正极材料Li[Li_0.144Ni_0.136Co_0.136Mn_0.544]O₂性能影响的研究

通过超声辅助共沉淀法成功制备了富锂锰基正极电极材料,研究了不同的超声时间对材料形貌、结构和电化学性能的影响。研究发现,超声辅助能够使材料颗粒更加均匀,结构更合理,有利于材料电化学性能的提升。当合成前躯体材料超声时间为8h时,复合材料的放电比容量最好,在0.1C的初始放电比容量为327.8 mAh g_-1,均高于未超声的复合材料的265.2 mAh g_-1,1C下循环50圈后放电容量为181.6 mAh g_-1,保持率为84.8%。通过循环伏安法测试和电化学交流阻抗测试,发现超声后的复合材料还原氧化峰电流更大,电荷转移阻抗更小,具有较好的倍率性能。     

ZrB₂含量对Nb-Mo-ZrB₂复合材料氧化行为的影响

利用热压烧结法,在2400℃烧结温度下,制备了NbMo固溶体（此后记作(Nb,Mo)ss）基陶瓷颗粒增强复合材料。其中,ZrB2陶瓷增强相的体积分数分别为15%,30%,45%和60%。本文研究了在800℃,1000℃和1200℃下,ZrB2含量对复合材料抗氧化性和氧化产物演变的作用。试验结果表明,氧化温度和ZrB2含量均对复合材料的氧化行为有影响。从氧化速率常数角度讲,ZrB2-(Nb,Mo)ss复合材料的抗氧化性随ZrB2含量的增加而提高,随氧化温度的提高而降低。800℃-1000℃的氧化产物中含有膜状Nb2Zr6O17相,能作为屏障阻止氧气向基体扩散,因此在800℃-1000℃时,复合材料氧化速率较低。然而,在1200℃氧化时未发现Nb2Zr6O17相,MoO3的剧烈挥发和ZrO2的体积效应破坏了Nb2Zr6O17保护层,导致了氧化层严重剥落,材料的抗氧化性极差。综上,本文结合观察到的氧化产物形貌,详细阐述了不同ZrB2含量的复合材料在不同温度下的抗氧化机制。     

FeTe<sub>2</sub>化合物快速制备及电学输运性能研究

利用真空高温烧结的方法,在803K~923K的温度范围内快速合成了单相的合金化合物FeTe<sub>2</sub>。在制备温度为863.15K时,考查了不同保温时间对制备单相样品FeTe<sub>2</sub>的影响规律。制备出的样品进行了XRD和SEM分析,并在室温下对样品进行了电阻率和Seebeck系数的测试分析。研究结果表明：在温度803K~923K的温度范围内,采用高温烧结反应能够快速制备出单相的多晶体化合物FeTe<sub>2</sub>;制备出的样品内部均匀存在许多微米级孔洞。经室温电学性质测试,样品在制备温度为863.15K保温时间60min时获得最大Seebeck系数88.21μV/k。当制备温度为803.15K保温时间30min时,获得最小电阻率为7.86 mΩ.cm。样品在制备温度923.15K保温30min时,获得最大功率因子53.82 μW/(m.k<sub>2</sub>)。     

Zn_²⁺掺杂对共沉淀法制备Ce:Gd₃Ga₃Al₂O₁₂陶瓷粉体闪烁性能的影响

本文利用化学共沉淀法制备Zn_²⁺共掺的Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体。研究了Zn_²⁺共掺的Ce:GAGG陶瓷前驱粉体的TG/DTA和FTIR曲线;分析了不同煅烧温度对Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体相、形貌和颗粒度分布的影响;系统研究了Zn_²⁺含量对Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体光致发光,辐射发光,激发光谱和荧光寿命的影响。研究表明：前驱粉体在883℃的相组成为GdAlO₃相和GAGG相;前驱粉体在煅烧温度为900℃时,完全转化为GAGG相;当煅烧温度为1200℃时,GAGG颗粒尺寸控制在20nm~60nm,分布均匀;随着 Zn_²⁺含量的变化,光致发光和辐射发光强度也相应变化,特别的,当Zn_²⁺含量为0.4mol%时,光致发光和辐射发光强度达到最大值;随着Zn_²⁺掺杂含量的上升,荧光寿命出现下降的趋势。因此,Zn_²⁺含量对Ce:GAGG陶瓷粉体的辐射发光具有明显的影响,对降低荧光寿命具有积极的作用,对于提高GAGG闪烁材料的快速响应具有重要意义。     

石墨烯掺杂和烧结温度对MgB<sub>2</sub>块体微观结构和超导性能的影响

我们采用未掺杂的粉末制备了MgB<sub>2</sub>块体作对比,研究了石墨烯掺杂对MgB<sub>2</sub>块材微观结构和超导性能的影响,研究了退火温度对石墨烯掺杂MgB<sub>2</sub>块材微观结构和超导性能的影响。对烧结后的样品采用XRD,SEM,SQUID进行了相组成,微观结构和超导性能等分析检测。研究发现石墨烯掺杂明显提高了MgB<sub>2</sub>超导材料的临界电流密度,在20 K和1 T磁场下,最大的临界电流密度达到1.8×10<sub>5</sub>A/cm<sub>2</sub>。     

Ti35合金在含氟离子硝酸中电化学腐蚀行为

Ti35合金具有优良的耐腐蚀性能,可在沸腾状态下高浓度的氧化性酸介质中进行长期工作,是商业后处理较为理想的候选材料。本文采用电化学测试系统测试了Ti35合金在含有不同氟离子浓度的6M硝酸溶液中的开路电位(OCP)、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS),探讨了氟离子对Ti35合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：随着氟离子浓度的增加,合金耐蚀性下降,但总体而言合金仍具有良好的耐蚀性。影响合金耐蚀性转变的氟离子浓度临界值约为50ppm,进一步应用混合电位理论,解释合金耐蚀性转变的原因。     

等离子喷涂制备MoSi<sub>2</sub>-CoNiCrAlY复合涂层的高温氧化行为

以高能球磨法制备的纳米MoSi<sub>2</sub>-CoNiCrAlY复合粉末为喷涂材料,利用等离子喷涂技术在GH4169合金表面沉积了MoSi<sub>2</sub>-CoNiCrAlY复合涂层,并研究了GH4169基材和复合涂层合金试样在900°C静态大气环境下的循环氧化行为。结果表明：复合涂层表现出较好的抗高温氧化性能,其氧化速率仅为1.23×10<sub>-7</sub> mg<sub>2</sub>.cm<sub>-4</sub>.s<sub>-1</sub>,这归因于MoSi<sub>2</sub>在氧化早期形成了SiO<sub>2</sub>相,可以自封氧化膜。氧化后期SiO<sub>2</sub>的脱落,Mo<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>相的再次氧化生成MoO<sub>3</sub>和MoO<sub>2</sub>气相,以及MoSi<sub>2</sub>的内氧化直接气化,会降低涂层的抗氧化性能。     

工业纯钛TA2离子渗氮后的组织结构与真空摩擦磨损性能研究

为研究工业纯钛TA2经离子渗氮技术处理后的真空摩擦磨损性能,利用光学显微镜、白光三维形貌仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分别对渗氮前后材料的微观结构、表面形貌及表面粗糙度、相组成和硬度进行表征。采用真空摩擦磨损试验机对TA2渗氮前后的摩擦磨损性能测试后,使用白光三维形貌仪、扫描电镜及其附带能谱仪分析磨痕的表面形貌及磨痕表面的元素组成。结果表明:离子渗氮后,TA2表面形成的渗氮层主要由Ti N、Ti2N和α-Ti(N)等硬质相组成,厚度约为80μm,且表面HV硬度由1.40 GPa提升至12.60 GPa;离子渗氮处理使TA2在真空环境中的摩擦系数和磨损体积显著降低,从而有效减摩抗磨;然而在大气条件下,渗氮层的形成导致材料的摩擦系数和耐磨性均显著提高;此外,离子渗氮后材料的磨损机制也发生显著改变:在大气条件下,渗氮后样品的磨损机制由原始样品的磨料磨损、塑性形变及轻微粘着磨损共同作用转化为严重塑性形变、粘着磨损和材料转移,而在真空环境中,原始样品表面主要发生了粘着磨损、塑性形变同时伴有轻微的磨料磨损,而渗氮后材料磨损机制则为磨料磨损。     

纯钛温度计套管在含盐酸介质中表面变色原因分析

纯钛温度计套管在含盐酸介质中使用3个月后表面产生灰黑色现象。通过外观检查、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、微观组织形貌及EDS微区成分分析等方法,探究钛温度计套管表面变色原因。结果显示,钛温度计套管外表面局部呈灰色或灰黑色可能是因为发生了吸氢腐蚀;在盐酸环境下,介质中的F元素加速了钛基体吸氢腐蚀并使表面出现微裂纹。     

Formation behavior of anodic TiO2 nanombes in fluoride containing electrolytes

TiO₂ nanotube layers can be formed with titanium in the electrolytes containing fluoride by electrochemical method. The role of fluoride ion, the crystallinity of the anodic oxide, and the chemical state were investigated. The results show the anodic film is composed of oxide and a little amount of hydroxide. The presence of F⁻ ions leads to chemical dissolution of Ti oxide layer and prevents hydroxide precipitation. Consequently, chemical dissolution rate increases with increasing the fluoride content in the range of 0–2% (in mass fraction) because F⁻ ions in electrolyte attack the interface and allow the ions of the electrolyte to easily penetrate into the interface. The as-anodized TiO₂ nanotubes exhibit an amorphous structure. Thermally treated nanotubes are composed of mixtures of the anatase and rutile phases.     

Effects of nitric acid passivation on the corrosion behavior of ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo stainless steel in simulated marine atmosphere

ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless steel was nitric acid-passivated to improve its corrosion performance. The effects of nitric acid passivation on the surface morphology, chemical composition, electrochemical properties, semiconductor behavior, and long-term corrosion performance of the stainless steel were investigated using various analytical techniques. An in-depth analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the passive film formed after the acid passivation process showed high thickness and a duplex character as it consisted of a hydroxide layer and an oxide layer. The oxide layer affected the corrosion resistance and thickness of the passive film. The thickness of the passive film was calculated theoretically as well as experimentally by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XPS results. The electrochemical tests revealed that the dramatic increase in the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel after the passivation was due to the formation of a thick, low-disorder passive film rather than Cr enrichment. The removal of inclusions resulted in higher pitting resistance, whereas the increased roughness showed a negative effect on the corrosion behavior of the stainless steel. During the wet–dry cyclic tests, the modification of the passive film was examined. The passivated stainless steel exhibited good corrosion resistance for up to 50 days of exposure in the simulated environment.     

Degradation mechanism of long service life Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 oxide anodes in sulphuric acid

Ageing performances of long service life Ti/70%IrO₂-30%Ta₂O₅ (at mole fraction) anodes prepared at 450 °C over the whole electrolysis time in H₂SO₄ solution have been investigated. It is showed that, the whole electrolysis processes of these anodes can be divided into three stages consisting of `active', `stable' and `de-active' regions. In the first two stages, the dissolution of coated oxides is dominated (with IrO<sub>2</sub> component preferential loss) which results in decreasing of apparent current for oxygen evolution and voltammetric charge. It is found that, in these two stages, the preferential orientations of (1 1 0) and (1 0 1) planes in IrO<sub>2</sub> rutile decreases with electrolysis time, and that of (0 0 2) plane increases, while the preferential orientations remain to be stabilized in the `de-active' region. Therefore, the loss mechanism of catalyst coatings in this region is changed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement shows a slight increase in reaction resistance (R_ct) of oxide catalysts for oxygen evolution in the `de-active' region, while a sharp rise in totally physical impedance of the whole anode. According to the experimental results, a degradation mechanism of the Ti based anodes has been proposed by degradation of Ti/catalyst layer interface resulting from the dissolution and anodic oxidation of metal base alternatively.     

Preparation and electrochemical corrosion behaviour of 3D large-sized nanocrystalline copper bulk in solutions with chloride ions

ABSTRACT

A 3D large-sized nanocrystalline (NC) copper bulk was prepared by inert gas condensation and in situ warm compress, the density of which was 99.51% of theoretical value. Electrochemical methods and XRD、EDS、SEM technique were used to investigate the anodic polarisation behaviour of NC copper in solutions with chloride ions. NC copper exhibited a different anodic polarisation behaviour from its coarse-grain (CG) counterpart in 0.47?wt-% NaCl solution. No second passivity was observed for NC copper, while there was a notable second passivity for CG copper. Compared with CG copper, the corrosion resistance of NC copper decreased. The anodic polarisation behaviour of NC copper changed significantly when 10^4?ppm Cl^? was added in 0.3% Na₂SO₄ solution. Attributed to the CuCl protective film on NC copper, the critical current intensity decreased and the decreasing rate of anodic current intensity lowed notably in activity-passivity zone.