两种钎料对不锈钢钎焊接头组织和力学性能的影响

采用四号锰基钎料真空钎焊2Cr13不锈钢,研究了钎焊温度对其接头组织和室温及高温剪切强度的影响,并与Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊不锈钢接头进行了对比.结果表明:四号锰基钎料钎焊接头组织由Mn-Ni基的单相Mn-Ni-Cu-Fe-Cr-Co固溶体组成,接头室温剪切强度随着钎焊温度的升高逐渐增加;Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊接头组织由Ni-Fe基固溶体和Ni(Cr,Fe)-P化合物组成,接头室温剪切强度低于四号锰基钎料钎焊接头的室温剪切强度.当测试温度超过500℃时,Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊接头的高温剪切强度降低幅度不大,四号锰基钎料钎焊接头降低明显,但仍高于Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊接头的高温剪切强度.     

热冲击下Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE0.05Ni/Cu钎焊接头组织与性能

借助于SEM、EDS、XRD等检测手段对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE0.05Ni/Cu钎焊接头进行观察分析,研究了钎焊工艺参数及热冲击条件对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE0.05Ni/Cu钎焊接头界面金属间化合物和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.05%(质量分数)Ni能细化Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE钎料合金的初生β-Sn相和共晶组织;钎焊温度270℃和钎焊时间240 s时,钎焊接头抗剪切强度最大达26.9 MPa,较未添加Ni的钎焊接头提高8.9%;随着热冲击周期的增加,钎焊接头界面金属间化合物层平均厚度增加,界面粗糙度先增大后减小,钎焊接头强度降低;添加0.05%Ni能够抑制接头界面金属间化合物的成长、钎焊接头强度的降低,有利于改善接头可靠性。     

Cr对Ni-P系钎料钎焊不锈钢接头性能的影响

研究了钎焊温度对Ni-P系钎料铺展件能及其真空钎焊OCr13不锈钢接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,Ni-P系钎料铺展面积随钎焊温度的升高而增大,并且相同温度下不含Cr的Ni-P钎料铺展面积大于Ni-Cr-P的铺展面积;钎焊温度从925℃升高到1000℃过程中,Ni-P、Ni-Cr-P钎料钎焊不锈钢接头的室温剪切强度均增大,并且在相同钎焊工艺下,不含Cr的Ni-P钎料钎焊不锈钢接头室温剪切强度优于Ni-Cr-P钎焊接头强度30～40MPa;Ni-P系钎料钎焊接头高温强度随温度升高而下降,测试温度超过500℃时,相同温度下含Cr的钎料能够提高钎焊接头强度0～30 MPa.     

CuMnNiSi钎料钎焊不锈钢接头组织性能研究

采用新型的Cu-Mn-Ni-Si钎料真空钎焊2Cr13不锈钢,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对接头组织和室温力学性能的影响.结果表明:钎焊接头组织由钎缝中心区Cu-Mn基固溶体和钎缝界面反应区的(Fe,Ni,Mn)- Si化合物组成.随着钎焊温度的增加,钎缝界面处化合物层厚度减小,Cu-Mn基固溶体相应增多,接头室温剪切强度随之增加,在钎焊时间15min、钎焊温度1050℃时达到321 MPa.在钎焊温度1000℃时,接头室温剪切强度随着钎焊保温时间的延长先增加后降低,在钎焊保温时间30min时取得最大值305 MPa.     

TC4钛合金钎焊工艺与接头组织性能研究

TC4钛合金是一种中等强度的α-β型双相钛合金,具有优异的综合性能,长时间工作温度可达到400℃。文中针对TC4钛合金复杂精密构件设计制造可能的需求,采用Ti-21Cu-13Zr-9Ni钎料对TC4合金进行了真空钎焊。通过扫描电镜与能谱等手段,对钎焊接头界面的元素分布及钎焊接头的组织进行分析;同时测试了接头室温和高温力学性能。试验结果表明,采用Ti-21Cu-13Zr-9Ni钎料钎焊TC4钛合金合理可行;采用Ti-21Cu-13Zr-9Ni钎料930℃/10 min钎焊TC4钛合金的钎焊接头,通过930℃/40 min扩散处理后,钎焊接头室温、高温400℃和600℃抗拉强度分别达到930 MPa、610 MPa、400 MPa;基本等强于同一热循环的母材抗拉强度。采用Ti-21Cu-13Zr-9Ni钎料930℃/10 min钎焊TC4钛合金的钎焊接头,通过930℃/40 min扩散处理后,其钎焊接头的冲击性能有明显提高。     

Ag-Cu钎料真空钎焊FeCrMo/MnCu阻尼合金钎焊接头的组织及性能研究

采用Ag-Cu钎料真空钎焊FeCrMo/MnCu阻尼合金,并对钎焊接头微观组织、力学性能以及钎焊试样的阻尼性能进行研究。结果表明,Ag-Cu钎料可以实现两种阻尼合金的连接,并且钎焊试样经过435℃保温4 h的调幅热处理后,能够复合两种阻尼合金的阻尼特性,随着应变的增加,钎焊试样的阻尼性能稳定提高。钎缝组织主要为Mn-Ni-Cu-Fe-Ag固溶体以及富Ag相组成,钎料与母材之间能产生良好的冶金结合,钎焊接头组织致密;钎焊接头的断裂模式为以韧性断裂为主的混合型断裂,钎焊接头室温剪切强度为209.7 MPa,经过调幅热处理后,钎焊接头断裂方式为脆性断裂,钎焊接头室温剪切强度达到246.4 MPa。     

Ni元素扩散行为对硬质合金/钢钎焊接头微观组织及力学性能的影响

采用不同质量分数的Ni元素的钎料对YG15硬质合金与35Cr Mo钢进行了钎焊,分别研究了Ni元素含量、钎焊温度以及超声作用等因素对钎焊接头微观组织与力学性能的影响。研究表明:钎焊温度为800℃时,随钎料中Ni元素的增加,界面处可获得连续的α-Cu固溶体层;当钎料中Ni元素质量分数为4.7%时,其接头剪切强度最高,为295 MPa;钎焊温度影响Ni元素的扩散行为,从而影响界面处贫Co区的宽度,在温度为730℃时,贫Co区宽度最小,接头剪切强度值最高,为350 MPa;施加超声可以增加贫Co区宽度,降低共晶组织含量,并使WC颗粒迁移进入钎缝金属。当超声时间为30 s时,贫Co区宽度为17.5μm,接头剪切强度为371 MPa,比无超声时接头强度提高6%。     

K480镍基高温合金钎焊接头组织与性能

采用Ni-Nb-W-Co-Cr-Al钎料对K480高温合金进行真空钎焊,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了钎焊接头微观组织和钎焊保温时间对微观组织的影响,通过拉伸试验机研究了钎焊接头高温拉伸性能的变化规律。结果表明,在1 220℃×15 min镍基钎料可与高温合金粉末发生冶金反应生成致密完整的钎焊接头。钎焊接头主要由高温合金粉末颗粒、γ+γ′共晶相、含Si硼化物相和富Nb的Ni₃Si相组成。与此同时,钎料中的Nb, W等元素向母材发生扩散生成（Nb, Ti）C和（Mo, W,Cr, Ni）₃B₂相。随着钎焊保温时间延长,合金粉末颗粒不断长大,接头中脆性化合物总量减少,含Si的硼化物逐渐由块状、条状转变为骨架状（Mo, W,Cr, Ni）₃B₂相,保温时间超过1 h,接头内出现大尺寸孔洞缺陷。保温时间为15 min时可获得最佳的接头性能,980℃高温拉伸强度为585 MPa,达到母材性能的90%以上。保温时间超过1 h后,钎焊接头高温拉伸性能出现下降趋势,其原因主要是由于（Mo, W,...     

真空钎焊工艺对超微粉碎机刀具性能的影响

选用CuMnNi钎料对刀具的刀头YG8硬质合金和刀体45钢进行真空钎,通过剪切强度试验、扫描电镜和能谱仪等方法分析了钎焊温度、钎焊间隙和Cu缓冲层对钎焊接头性能和组织的影响。结果表明:钎焊温度在1000℃、钎焊间隙在0.18 mm时,钎焊接头的组织和强度较好,接头剪切强度达280 MPa;添加0.1 mm Cu缓冲层后,缓冲层与钎料和母材结合界面良好,接头剪切强度最高。     

合金元素Cu对不锈钢钎焊接头组织及性能影响的研究

在BNi-7钎料中添加合金元素Cu用于焊接316L不锈钢,在钎焊温度为980℃、保温时间为10 min、钎焊间隙为100μm的条件下,研究了钎焊接头的微观结构、剪切强度以及端口形貌随不同Cu添加量的变化规律。结果显示,接头主要由不锈钢/钎料界面的Ni(Fe,Cr,Cu)固溶体和钎缝中心大花纹状的Ni(Fe,Cr,Cu)-CrNiP共晶组织和细点状的Ni3P-Ni(Fe,Cr,Cu)共晶组织组成。随着Cu添加量增加,钎缝中心的大花纹状的Ni(Fe,Cr,Cu)-CrNiP共晶组织增加,韧性相Ni(Fe,Cr,Cu)数量增加。接头的抗剪强度随着Cu添加量的增加而增加。当铜添加量为9%时,接头的抗剪强度最大为118 MPa。和不添加合金元素Cu比较,添加Cu元素的接头断口上有较多的撕裂棱,接头的韧性更好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.