Shelf Life of Shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) Stored at Different Temperatures

The sensory, microbiological and biochemical changes were determined in shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) stored at 0° to 35°C. Mean aerobic plate count of fresh shrimp, initially 5.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g, increased with time and temperature to 6.4 × 10⁹ CFU/g at 35°C after 24 hr. A total of 560 different bacteria were isolated and identified. In addition, the dominant organisms were tested for ability to reduce TMAO, produce indole and hydrolyze protein. The initial bacteria were 30% Gram + organisms but changed to predominantly Grampsychrotrophs at lower temperatures and to mesophiles at higher temperatures. Odor, texture and color qualities decreased; TMA, TVB, pH and Indole increased with time and temperature. Shelf life of shrimp ranged from 7 hr at 35°C to 13 days at 0°C.     

Bacteriocidal and Mutagenic Effects of Ozone on Shrimp(Penaeus monodon) Meat

We examined solubility and stability of ozone in shrimp-meat extract (SME), bacteriocidal effect of ozone on shrimp-meat microorganisms, mutagenicity of ozonated shrimp meat, and ozonolysis of DNA. The saturated concentration (1.4 mg-O₃/L) of ozone in SME was lower than in 2% saline or distilled water at 5 and 25°C. Upon standing for 25 min after ozonation, ozone exhibited the same decomposition rate (2.7%/min) in 5 and 25°C SME. Among 9 bacterial strains tested, Salmonella typhimurium was more resistant to ozone in shrimp meat. Mutagen was not detected in shrimp meat when it was ozonated in saline. Ozone in saline (less than 5 mg-O₃/L) could lyse M13 RF DNA in Escherichia coli and single-stranded DNA in phage M13 outside bacterial cell, within 30 min.     

虾过敏原蛋白纯化中硫酸铵沉淀法的改进

目的优化虾过敏原蛋白纯化的硫酸铵沉淀工艺,提高纯化效果。方法测定不同饱和度硫酸铵溶液的体积和pH,将过敏原蛋白粉末加入固定饱和度和pH的硫酸铵溶液中沉淀,并用SDS—PAGE方法检测不同硫酸铵浓度下蛋白质组分的变化。结果PH7．5的30％饱和度硫酸铵溶液可有效地分离虾过敏原蛋白,进一步柱层析得到只有一条电泳带的样品。结论通过改进硫酸铵沉淀工艺,可提高虾过敏原蛋白的纯化效果。     

Banana Shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis, Quality Changes During Iced and Frozen Storage

Shelf life of banana shrimps, Penaeus merguiensis, were studied along with formaldehyde changes in their muscles during iced and frozen storage. K-value, timethylamine oxide nitrogen (TMAO-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), volatile basic nitrogen (VB-N) and sensory quality were determined. Shelf life was 4 days in ice, 6 days at -3°C and 9 wk at ??10°C. They remained acceptable after 6 mo at ?20°C. Formaldehyde was a good indicator in shrimp shelf life assessment.     

Purification and Characterization of Proteases from Digestive Tract of Grass Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Proteases in grass shrimp (Penaeus monodon) digestive tract were extracted. Four fractions, A, B, C and D, demonstrated caseinolytic activity and were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. A, C and D were trypsin-like, while B was a chymotrypsin-like protease. Optimal temperature for proteases A, B and C were 65°C, and that for D was 55°C for hydrolysis of casein. Optimal pH of proteases A and C was 8.0, and that of D was 7.0 for hydrolysis of p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester. Optimal pH of protease B for hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester was 8.0. Inactivation of 50 % enzyme activity in 5 min occurred at 67°C for protease B and 50°C for proteases A, C and D.     

南美白对虾虾头主要自溶酶的分离纯化及鉴定

以水解试验为导向,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析、DEAE-DE52阴离子交换柱层析等手段分离纯化南美白对虾虾头主要自溶酶,同时采用抑制剂试验及SDS-PAGE对纯化蛋白酶进行鉴定。结果表明,南美白对虾虾头主要自溶酶经过纯化后比活力高达2.2×106U/g,纯化倍数为96.90。丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)对主要自溶酶的抑制率高达91.3%;SDS-PAGE显示该酶为单一电泳带,且在电泳中与标准胰蛋白酶移动距离相同,表明南美白对虾虾头内的主要自溶酶为胰蛋白酶。     

几种鸡肌肉中肌苷酸(IMP)的测定

用反相－高效液相色谱法（RP－HPLC）对几种鸡肌肉中的肌苷酸（IMP）含量进行了测定。结果表明：固始鸡几个鸡种肌肉中的肌苷酸含量比A－A鸡（市售西装鸡）来得高，尤其是胸肉：1年生固始鸡母鸡的含量（干重）是A－A鸡的2倍还多，130日龄固始鸡母鸡的含量约为A－A鸡的2倍，90日龄固始鸡公鸡的比A－A鸡高50％；中华宫廷黄鸡肌肉中的肌苷酸含量也比A－A鸡高很多。     

响应面分析法优化复合酶酶解南美白对虾虾头的工艺条件

以南美白对虾虾头为原料,对复合酶酶解的工艺条件进行优化,制备高水解度的虾头酶解液。首先确定最佳复合酶组合,然后通过单因素试验和响应面分析法优化并确定最佳的酶解条件。结果表明,采用风味酶与中性酶组合对虾头进行酶解(风味酶:中性酶为1:1,酶活比),加酶量2000U/g 蛋白、料液比2:1(g/ml)、pH7.33、温度54.27℃、时间3.97h。酶解后增味氨基酸含量明显增加,酶解蛋白液的风味良好,可以作为调味品基料使用。     

Lactic Acid/Melanosis Inhibitors to Improve Shelf Life of Brown Shrimp (Penaeus aztecus)

l-Lactic acid, sodium bisulfite, and 4-hexylresorcinol were evaluated, alone and in combination, as melanosis and microbial spoilage inhibitors on brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus). No effect on the microbiological shelf life of treated shrimp was observed. 4-Hexylresorcinol functioned exceptionally well as a melanosis inhibitor, alone and in combination with. l-lactic acid. However, extensive bacterial growth was demonstrated in the 4-hexylresorcinol dip solution during normal storage on deck, creating the potential for a heavy bacterial inoculation of shrimp during a typical dipping process. Addition of l-lactic acid to the 4-hexylresorcinol dip solution prevented bacterial growth in the dip solution and did not diminish melanosis inhibition.     

Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predict K-Value,Inosine Mono-Phosphate,and Hypoxanthine Concentrations of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Fillets During Storage

K-value, inosine mono-phosphate, and hypoxanthine concentrations of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets were determined during storage at 273, 277, 281, 288, and 293 K. Simultaneously, a feed-forward artificial neural network was developed to predict these changes in grass carp fillets during storage, and a comparative study on K-value prediction between the artificial neural network and Arrhenius model was also performed. The results showed that the K-value and hypoxanthine concentrations increased with storage time, while inosine mono-phosphate reached a peak and then decreased with time. The artificial neural network was successful in predicting changes in the K-value, inosine mono-phosphate, and hypoxanthine concentrations throughout storage, and it was even more effective in predicting K-value with lower relative errors than the Arrhenius model. The high regression coefficient (R²) and low mean squared error indicated that the artificial neural network could be a potential tool in modeling changes in K-value, inosine mono-phosphate, and hypoxanthine concentrations of grass carp fillets within 273–293 K.     

冷藏及冰藏条件下南美白对虾品质变化规律

通过测定南美白对虾在4℃冷藏和冰藏条件下的感官评分、总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、菌落总数、肌苷酸(inosinemonpho sphate,IMP)关联物含量及生物胺含量的变化,研究南美白对虾在2种贮藏条件下的品质变化规律,评价加冰贮藏对于4℃贮藏南美白对虾品质的影响,并通过分析IMP关联物各比值与各主要鲜度指标间的相关性探讨更适合于评价南美白对虾品质变化的指标。结果表明:冰藏组南美白对虾的TVB-N值、菌落总数及部分生物胺含量均显著低于冷藏组(P0.05),此外,在鲜度指标K、Ki、G、P、H及Fr值中,Fr值更适于评价该条件下南美白对虾的品质变化。综合感官评分和菌落总数的变化情况,4℃冷藏和冰藏条件下南美白对虾的贮藏期分别为5 d和6 d,冰藏有利于虾肉品质的保持。     

Effect of High-Pressure Processing on Physical, Biochemical, and Microbiological Characteristics of Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

The effect of high-pressure processing on quality and shelf life of black tiger shrimp was studied. Shrimp was high-pressure processed at selected pressure levels of 100, 270, and 435 MPa for 5 min at room temperature (25?±?2 °C). Changes in physical, biochemical, and microbiological characteristics after processing and during subsequent chilled storage were examined for 35 days. After processing significant (P?<?0.05) increase in moisture content and parallel reduction in protein content was observed. No significant changes were observed in TVB-N and TMA-N levels of shrimp after processing; however, these significantly increased with storage. Whiteness index increased with pressure intensity imparting brighter and mildly cooked appearance. Pressure-induced hardening effect was observed, which showed decreasing trend during storage. The treated samples maintained lower viable counts throughout the storage, thus having better microbial quality than untreated sample. Shelf life was extended to 15 days in shrimp treated at 435 MPa compared with 5 days in untreated sample. Pressure treatment of 435 MPa was found to be most effective in preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of black tiger shrimp.     

热处理对凡纳滨对虾虾仁加工品质的影响

为了研究热处理对凡纳滨对虾虾仁加工品质的影响,测定虾仁的菌落总数、颜色、硬度和pH值的变化,并采用电泳技术对虾仁蛋白进行分析。水浴加热温度设置为40～90℃,处理时间均为10min。与对照组相比,热处理显著(P<0.05)减少了虾仁的菌落总数。当温度高于40℃时,虾仁色泽更亮,变得不透明。随温度升高,虾仁的白度(WI)与总色差(ΔE)整体呈增大趋势,而其pH值和硬度呈倒"S"型变化。电泳分析表明,虾仁蛋白质分子间的非共价键交联程度随温度升高而加剧,在60℃条件下低分子质量的蛋白条带增多,而在较高温度下部分变性蛋白通过分子间二硫键发生聚合。以上表明,热处理条件下虾仁蛋白并非通过单一变化过程影响虾仁品质特性。     

Quality Changes of Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) Stored under Different Cooling Conditions

The influence of different cooling techniques and storage temperatures (‐1.5 °C or 1.5 °C) to prolong the shelf life of shrimp was evaluated by sensory analysis, physical methods, chemical analysis, and microbial analysis. Storage in liquid ice was more effective than flake ice or brine mixed with flake ice in delaying spoilage of the shrimp by slowing down microbial growth and formation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and trimethylamine (TMA). Total viable counts (TVC) showed that bacteria grew most quickly in shrimp stored in flake ice and in brine mixed with flake ice, followed by those in liquid ice at 1.5 °C and ‐1.5 °C, respectively. Lowest counts were observed in shrimp stored in liquid ice at ‐1.5 °C where the lag phase of growth was apparently extended at the beginning of storage. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a good correlation between quality indicators related to microbial growth, TVC, pH, TVB‐N, TMA, responses of an electronic nose and sensory evaluation.     

Rapid Determination of Formaldehyde in Banana Shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis

The effectiveness of using zinc sulfate reagent to extract formaldehyde from shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) muscle vis-a-vis acid extractions and steam distillation was studied. Zinc sulfate reagent gave the highest percentage recovery comparable to the steam distillation method.     

南美白对虾虾头自溶产物主要呈味成分分析

以南美白对虾虾头为原料,制备风味良好的自溶产物。采用高效液相色谱法、原子吸收光谱等方法分析其主要的呈味物质。结果表明：游离氨基酸含量丰富,总量达9300mg/L,其中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸4 种呈鲜味氨基酸的总含量达2130mg/L,占总游离氨基酸的22.9%;核苷酸及其关联化合物中,与鲜味有着密切联系的肌苷酸(IMP)含量为6.12mg/L;无机质离子Na+、K+、Cl －含量分别达663.7、182.1、417.2mg/L;甜菜碱、乳酸和琥珀酸含量分别达2400、15.27、13.32mg/L。这些成分都影响着南美白对虾虾头自溶产物的鲜味、甜味及整体的滋味。     

冰衣对冷冻南美白对虾贮藏品质的影响

通过测定－20 ℃冷冻条件下无冰衣组、15%镀冰衣组和25%镀冰衣组南美白对虾的感官评分、解冻损 失、蒸煮损失、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量、盐溶蛋白含量及肌苷酸（inosine-5’- monophosphate,IMP）关联物各比值,研究镀冰衣处理对冻藏南美白对虾品质的影响。通过分析IMP关联物各比值 （K、Ki、G、P、H及Fr）与主要鲜度指标间的相关性,探讨更适宜作为－20 ℃冷冻条件下镀冰衣南美白对虾品质评 价的指标。结果表明：随着贮藏时间的延长,3 组南美白对虾的解冻损失、蒸煮损失和TVB-N含量均呈明显上升趋势, 盐溶蛋白含量显著下降,25%镀冰衣组南美白对虾的品质始终优于无冰衣组和15%镀冰衣组;根据各指标间的Pearson相 关性分析,K、Ki、G、P、H及Fr值中,K值更适合用于评价该贮藏条件下南美白对虾的整体质量;无冰衣组、15%镀冰 衣组和25%镀冰衣组分别在贮藏第12、16、16周感官不可接受,镀冰衣能够有效延长冻藏南美白对虾的贮藏期。