中子噪声在核反应堆吊篮振动监测中的应用研究

通过对临界装置堆芯吊篮激励振动引发中子噪声实验得到的功率谱密度(PSD)进行分析,证实了从中子噪声PSD中获得吊篮振动特性(各阶特征频率)是可行的,并给出了中子噪声探测器PSD幅度与吊篮振动幅度之间的比例因子(刻度因子)的计算方法.针对临界装置测量获得的中子噪声PSD和吊篮振动PSD,实际计算了对应吊篮各阶振型的刻度因子.本文证实,可以通过中子噪声分析,给出吊篮结构的振动频率和振动位移,证实了中子噪声在堆内构件振动监测领域的有效性.     

基于中子噪声分析的某核电厂堆芯吊篮梁型振动特征研究

研究了基于堆外电离室中子噪声信号监测压水堆核电厂反应堆吊篮的方法,通过计算电离室中子噪声的互功率密度谱、相干和相位,分析得到了堆芯吊篮梁型振动的频率;利用该方法,计算获得了某正常运行状态下压水堆核电厂换料周期内堆芯吊篮梁型振动频率和中子噪声功率谱幅度的变化趋势,结果说明了在反应堆正常运行状态下,随着堆芯燃耗的增加,吊篮梁型振动频率发生了微小漂移,频率变小,该频率处中子噪声功率谱幅度变大。     

某核电厂吊篮梁型振幅偏大问题分析与诊断

通过对方家山、宁德核电机组多个燃料循环周期的堆外中子噪声信号进行分析,得出了吊篮梁型振动频率和幅度的特性。将此特性应用到其他核电机组,发现某核电机组吊篮梁型振幅偏大。对该机组吊篮梁型振动频率和幅度的变化趋势、频率的漂移量、幅度的增长率进行分析与诊断,判断吊篮并没有发生明显的支撑劣化情况,并给出了该机组可继续运行的条件。      

基于压力容器振动信号分析的堆芯吊篮壳型振动特性研究

核反应堆堆芯吊篮的振动状态直接关系到堆芯的安全运行,但堆芯吊篮处于高温和强辐照环境下,无法直接在吊篮上布置传感器测量其振动。本文利用安装在压力容器上的加速度计间接监测吊篮的振动,通过对多核电机组压力容器振动信号相干谱、自功率谱和互功率谱进行分析,获得吊篮壳型振动频率和振幅,并将分析结果与秦山核电厂二期1号机组试验实测值进行比较,分析结果与试验结果相近。研究表明通过对压力容器振动信号的监测与分析,能够有效识别堆芯吊篮壳型振动特性,为吊篮状态评价提供基础。      

反应堆堆内部件振动中子噪声物理模型研究

中子噪声分析对反应堆堆内部件振动监测有重要意义。本文采用微扰理论 (系统方程和扰动源项 )、控制理论 (传递函数 )、反应堆动力学方程 (点堆动力学方程 )建立了堆内部件振动中子噪声物理模型 ,并且用它来解释实验 ,较好地解释了实验测量得到的功率谱密度。在理论模型中通过引入一低频噪声项 ,较好地描述了实验测量功率谱密度低频端的抬高。另外对于吊篮梁式振动 ,则采用四个堆外探测器来实现监测。通过这种方法 ,可以较好地监测吊篮梁式振动和进行计算机仿真模拟。     

基于实验数据的吊篮表面脉动压力分析

基于堆内构件缩比模型流致振动实验实测得到的吊篮表面脉动压力数据,分析了吊篮表面不同位置脉动压力功率谱密度的分布特征,并对脉动压力功率谱密度的相关性进行分析得到相关长度的特性。结果表明,吊篮表面的脉动压力功率谱密度随频率的增大快速减小然后趋于平缓,是一种频率成份十分丰富的宽带衰减谱,在吊篮同一高度区域的脉动压力功率谱密度基本相同,不同高度区域的脉动压力功率谱密度的能量差别较大;脉动压力功率谱密度的相关长度随频率递增而急剧减小然后趋于常值;吊篮流致振动响应对脉动压力功率谱密度的影响较小,将吊篮流致振动简化为弱耦合问题是合理的。      

CPR1000机组100D型主泵振动故障诊断

CPR1000机组各运行模式下100D型主泵的振动现象表明,当处于蒸汽发生器冷却正常停堆或余热排出冷却正常停堆工况时,主泵电动机的瓦振幅值往往存在大范围冲击波动甚至触发振动高报警的现象。根据机械振动原理综合分析电动机瓦振、主泵轴位移信号的频域和时域特征,诊断振幅波动受某7~9Hz的低频随机振动影响;通过分析堆内构件振动噪声监测系统采集的信号判断该低频振动对应一回路主冷却剂流动过程中诱发的堆芯吊篮梁式振动。根据流体诱发振动理论分析了影响主泵电动机振动波动的主要因素,并通过主泵历史运行记录进行了验证。系统性提出优化CPR1000机组运行策略缓解主泵电动机振动波动的建议,为主泵安全稳定运行提供参考。      

准宏观中子噪声测量分析系统的开发

基于LabVIEW平台开发了反应堆准宏观中子噪声测量分析系统.布置在次临界反应堆附近的3 He计数管输出的中子脉冲信号,经过若干仪器模块和PCI - 6602数据采集卡,送入计算机,通过频谱分析可以得出次临界反应堆的瞬发中子衰减常数.该系统已经过实验的验证.     

秦山核电二期工程反应堆吊篮结构的流致振动响应计算

采用实验与理论相结合的方法,计算吊篮在动水中随机响应.首先,利用15吊篮结构模型试验所获得的脉动压力功率谱,经归一化折算为原型堆的脉动压力功率谱,作为计算的输入载荷--力函数;其次,采用静水中吊篮结构振动特性计算所获得的特征值(频率,和特征向量,振型),得到结构的力-位移传递函数矩阵;最后,根据随机振动响应的计算方法,由力函数与传递函数矩阵算出吊篮的均方根位移.     

用大涡模拟计算流致振动的流体激励力

本文对湍流大涡模拟理论的脉动过滤和Smagorinsky亚格子模型进行了介绍,并用大涡模拟对秦山II期反应堆1∶5模型压力容器和吊篮的环腔内流场进行了数值模拟,计算了吊篮表面压力的时间分布和空间分布,其压力脉动的功率谱密度计算值和实验值在同一个量级内.因此,可以用计算所得的压力作为吊篮振动的激励载荷.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.