奥氏体不锈钢硼氮共渗渗层组织结构的研究

研究了奥氏体不锈钢硼氮共渗渗层及过渡区组织结构,并对共渗机理进行了探讨。结果表明,渗硼层硼化物为(FeM)B和(FeM)_2B,渗层平坦无齿状插入。硼的渗入使奥氏体不锈钢γ相区的A_1线和A_3线上升到室温以上,在硼的固溶区形成α相。硼化层中的黑色密集带是α相与细密的硼化物共存时易于腐蚀的结果。     

INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL HYDROGEN ON THE HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

1.IntroductionManyengineeringstructure8maybeaffectedbyhighpressurehydrogenafteral0ngtimesuchashydrogen-st0ragepressurevessel/hydrogen-transportpiping/highpressurehy-drogenpurificationandpressurizati0nequipment.Thesafetyofthesestructuresmaybedecreasedbecau8eofhydrogenembrittlementcausedbytheinteracti0nbetweenthestruc-turalmaterialandhydr0genresultinginlossofductilityinthematerial-Manyresearchersareinterestedinthestudyofhydrogenembrittlement0fmaterials,especiallytheausteniticstainlesssteel,andha…     

渗铝钢的抗氢损伤性能

采用钝化助镀法在30CrMo钢表面获得热浸铝层,通过扩散渗铝和调质处理获得了渗铝钢试片和试棒.用氢渗透电化学技术测量了渗铝钢在饱和H2S盐水中的渗氢曲线,得到了不同温度(T)下氢在渗铝钢中的扩散系数(D),拟合得到了T与D的关系式,并研究了溶液中NaCl和CO2对稳态氢渗透电流(Imax)的影响.比较了30CrMo渗铝钢在饱和H2S盐水中腐蚀前后的机械性能.结果表明：热浸渗铝钢对氢扩散有明显的阻滞作用,其抗氢损伤性能好于基体钢材.     

合金成分和热处理对奥氏体不锈钢氢渗透行为的影响

本工作采用超高真空-气相渗透技术,在200—430℃范围内,测定了氢在316L,316LN,21-6-9,21-9-9,304和1Cr18Ni9Ti等六种奥氏体不锈钢中的渗透率、扩散系数和溶解度常数,研究了合金成分和材料的冷加工、热处理状态对氢渗透行为的影响.结果指出,氢在各合金中的渗透率和扩散系数在实验温度范围内均遵循Arrhenius方程,材料的冷加工和热处理状态对氢渗透行为没有明显影响,合金成分略有影响.讨论了奥氏体不锈钢与纯铁、一般低合金钢氢渗透行为的差别.     

HYDROGEN ATTACK ON AUSTENITIC STEEL 304 UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE

The hydrogen attack of austenitic stainless steel 304 exposed to hydrogen under thepressure of 5 MPa at 733 K for 2×10~4 h in service was detected.The microstructurehas been studied by SEM and TEM.Hydrogen was determined with molten sampleswhich had tempered at.573,673,773,873,and 973 K for 6 h.The results showed thathydrogen attack in this steel was due to methane bubbles which resulted in occuring ofCr_(23)C_6.Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen attack for stainless steel 304 was discussed.     

304奥氏体钢的高温高压氢腐蚀

定氢分析和扫描电镜观察证实在450℃和5MPa氢气中服役20000h的304奥氏体钢发生了氢蚀透射电镜分析表明,氢蚀原因是Cr_(23)C_6碳化物存在实验和热力学分析都表明,长大期内的CH_4气泡周围Cr并未贫化     

铁素体钢中氢对材料辐照肿胀行为的影响

利用离子加速器将氢离子注入ＪＦＭＳ合金试样，在超高压电子显微镜下进行了电子辐照，对辐照空洞的形成过程进行原位观察，模拟研究了核反应生成的氢对材料辐照肿胀的影响。实验结果表明，注氢主要对照空洞的形核产生促进作用。并由此促进材料的辐照肿胀。在５７０Ｋ辐照时，氢的这一促进辐照空洞形核的作用尚不十分明显。随着辐照温度的升高其作用农渐增强，在６７０Ｋ辐照时，注氢可使辐照空洞的数密度增加一个数量级，材料的辐照     

用离子探针研究奥氏体钢中氢的分布与扩散行为

本文采用高压气相充氢——离子探针分析法定量测定了氢沿21Cr-7Ni-9Mn-N奥氏体钢截面分布曲线,据此求出了氢溶解度、扩散系数,并间接计算出氢渗透率等参数。同时还对高压充氢后在空气中长期时效试样及电子束焊缝试样中的氢分布状况进行了研究。     

HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION AND DIFFUSION BEHAVIOUR IN HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN CHARGED AUSTENITIC STEEL BY IMMA

The hydrogen distribution curve along cross-section of high pressure hydrogen charged spec-imens of 21Cr-7Ni-9Mn-N austenitic steel was obtained quantitatively by IMMA(IonMicroprobe Mass Analyzer).Thus the hydrogen solubility and diffusivity may be measured,and the hydrogen permeability and other parameters may be calculated indirectly.Thehydrogen distribution in specimens either long-term aged in air or in electron beam weld seamafter high pressure hydrogen charging was also examined.     

EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ON CREEP IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

<正> 一、引言 氢总是促进铁和钢的蠕变,但解释并不一致,迄今为止,尚未研究过氢对奥氏体不锈钢蠕变的影响。已经表明,即使是不产生α′马氏体的稳定型不锈钢(如310)也能产生氢致滞后开裂,而且发生在氢致滞后塑性变形之后。     

EFFECT OF DYNAMIC STRAIN AGING ON PURE BENDING FATIGUE STRENGTH OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

The effect of various dynamic strain aging(DSA)pre-treatment processes on pure bendingfatigue strength of an 18-8 austenitic stainless steel was investigated.The results show thatDSA pre-treatment processes increase remarkably the fatigue strength and the strengtheningeffects increase with increasing pre-strain temperature and pre-strain.The fatigue limit ofspecimens pre-treated by DSA is 87% higher than that by solution treatment,and 20% high-er than that by cold-working.TEM observations show that the uniform and stable dislocationnetworks with high density formed after DSA pre-treatment,which suppress effectively theinitiation and propugation of fatigue cracks and increase the fatigue strength of materials.     

弹、塑性应变对奥氏体不锈钢AISI321电化学行为的影响

探讨了弹、塑性应变对奥氏体不锈钢电化学行为的影响,从热力学判据和电化学参数的关系出发,分析了不锈钢的应变电化学行为.结果表明,静态无载荷试样和动态慢拉伸试样的电化学行为明显不同.弹性应变只影响金属阳极溶解过程,而不影响阴极过程.形变强化和位错塞积群的形成对金属的力学-化学活性起着决定性的作用.     

20g纯净钢中氢陷阱对氢扩散系数的作用

对理想晶体中的H扩散通量与充H时间的关系式进行修正,并用修正后的公式直接从实验数据中拟合H在材料中的扩散系数和穿透时间,结果表明,用理想晶体中H扩散通量随充H时间变化的修正关系式可以表征实际材料在电化学充H过程中的H原子扩散通量随充H时间变化的关系曲线,也可以用以研究实际材料中H陷阱对H原子扩散系数的作用.用修正后的公式对20g纯净钢电化学充H实验数据进行最小二乘法拟合,直接得到H原子在不同H陷阱状态20g纯净钢中的扩散系数和穿透时间.拟合结果显示:20g纯净钢中的不可逆H陷阱对H原子的扩散系数没有影响,只是延长了H原子的穿透时间,而可逆H陷阱则降低了H原子的扩散系数.     

EFFECTS OF GRAIN-BOUNDARY PHASES ON HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF FE-NI-CR AUSTENITIC ALLOY BY INTERNAL FRICTION

采用动态机械分析仪双悬臂法研究了含硼(B)和无硼两种Fe-Ni-Cr奥氏 体合金的内耗行为,并分析了氢致内耗峰以及B对氢致内耗的影响; 利用金相显微镜和扫描 电镜观察了这两种合金在不同热处理状态下的显微组织及相组成. 结果表明,经时效处理 后,无B合金的晶界上析出大量NiTi(η)相和少量碳化物,而含0.008%B的合金的晶界上只析 出少量的碳化物; 热充氢后,含B和无B合金分别在26和36 ℃附近出现一新内耗峰,这 是氢原子与含有析出相的晶界相互作用引起的. 添加B导致合金内耗峰温度和激活能降低, 说明B通过抑制晶界相的析出减弱了晶界对氢的捕获能力,从而减小氢致塑性损失.     

熔体过热对AISI 304不锈钢亚快速凝固薄带组织的影响

采用水冷铜模薄带铸造方法研究了熔体过热对AISI 304不锈钢亚快速凝固薄带组织的影响.结果表明:AISI 304不锈钢亚快速凝固薄带由外层的胞状奥氏体组织、次外层的柱状铁素体枝晶组织和中心的等轴铁素体枝晶组织组成;随着熔体过热度增加,奥氏体胞晶间距和柱状铁素体二次枝晶间距随之增加,残余铁素体含量亦降低.过热度的增加降低了熔体过冷度和冷却速率,造成薄带凝固组织中枝晶间距的增加和残余铁素体含量的降低.     

25-12型奥氏体耐热铸钢长期服役过程中碳化物的演变现象

N，Nb和RE微合金化的25－12型奥氏体耐热铸钢长期使用后，奥氏体中析出的二次碳化物数量明显增加，晶界附近无析出区现象逐渐消失；部分M23C6已转变为M6C，M6C总是与奥氏体基体以及二次碳化物M23C6保持[114]M6C//[110]A//[110]M23C6孪晶取向关系，探讨了合金元素及服役条件对碳化物演变的影响。     

254SMO奥氏体不锈钢的焊接

通过产品制造实例，对254SMO高合金奥氏体不锈钢的特性及焊接特点进行了分析，给出了该钢的焊接方法，焊接材料，焊接顺序及焊接工艺参数，产品质量符合设计技术要求。     

动态应变时效对18—8型奥氏体不锈钢低周疲劳行为的影响

本文研究了18-8型奥氏体不锈钢的对称拉压低周疲劳行为特征及动态应变时效(DSA)预处理的影响结果表明:在所使用的应变幅(±0.5%-±1.5%)范围内,试样都经过循环硬化、饱和和循环软化过程,在相同的应变幅下DSA预处理后循环峰值应力高于固溶态及冷变形预处理状态,但疲劳断裂寿命相差不大TEM分析结果表明:材料经DSA预处理后,形成了均匀、高密度、稳定的位错组态是提高循环峰值应力的主要原因,而循环软化则是由于形成了低密度的、伸长的位错胞状结构的结果     

EFFECT OF DYNAMIC STRAIN AGING ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF 18-8 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Studies were made of the symmetric tensile-compressive low cycle fatigue behaviour and theinfluence of dynamic strain aging(DSA)pre-treatment of 18-8 austenitic stainless steel.Within the testing amplitude range of strain.±0.5 % to±1.5 %,the three processes ofcyclic hardening,cyclic saturation and cyclic softening were observed.In the same amplitudeof strain,the peak stress of the samples pre-treated by DSA is higher than that of solid-solu-tion and cold working pre-treatment,but no remarkable differences of the fatigue lives ofthem were found.TEM observation shows that the uniform and stable dislocation networkswith high density form after DSA pre-treatment,which increases the cyclic peak stress.Thecyclic softening results from the low dislocation density and elongated cell structure with lowenergy.     

MAGNETIC PROPERTY CHANGE IN AN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL SUBJECTED TO DAMAGE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE - MICROSTRUCTURE RESPONSIBLE FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTY

It has been found that magnetic property changes in austenitic stainless steel subjected to creep at high temperature. The change of magnetic property is mainly due to decrease the chromium concentration in the vicinity of grain boundary and transform into martensite in the area. However this result is for short-term creep. It is necessary to evaluate the long-term creep in order to develop non-destructive technique for plants. Moreover it is important to evaluate the fatigue. The change of magnetic property for those damages at high temperatures is investigated. The transformation into martensite is observed for both the long-term creep and fatigue. The magnetic regions are observed in sever deformed area and near crack. Then the formation of magnetic phases is related to the damage. The damage at high temperature can be universally evaluated.