热浸镀锌Ti- IF和Nb+Ti- IF钢组织和织构研究

实验对比研究了Ti- IF和Ti+Nb- IF钢热轧、退火过程中微观组织和织构的变化,采用透射电镜和能谱仪研究分析了二相粒子在热轧、冷轧、退火过程中的形貌、尺寸及分布。实验结果表明：添加Nb使得Ti+Nb- IF钢中析出粒子较Ti- IF钢更为细小且弥散,抑制了γ纤维再结晶织构的发展,削弱了{111}〈110〉在γ纤维织构中的强度,且细小的析出物有助于提高IF钢的抗拉强度,但两者成形性能没有明显差异。     

Super304H钢600℃时效的组织和韧性

利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪,通过冲击试验,研究了Super304H钢在600℃时效条件下的微观组织和韧性。结果表明,Super304H钢在600℃时效条件下基体组织均是单一奥氏体相,析出相主要由Nb(C,N)、富Cu相和M23C6组成;时效时间不同,析出相的数量、形态和分布不同。其中M23C6沿晶析出是引起时效Super304H钢发生脆化的主要原因,且冲击吸收能量下降幅度与晶界上M23C6数量有关。     

敏化温度对高碳奥氏体不锈钢析出行为及力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、透射电镜等,研究敏化温度对高碳奥氏体不锈钢析出相数量、形态及分布情况的影响,采用拉伸试验机、冲击试验机和布氏硬度仪,分析不同敏化温度下析出相对试验钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,不同敏化温度处理后试样的显微组织均为奥氏体;但随着敏化温度的升高,奥氏体晶界处富Cr碳化物析出增多,以颗粒状和条状形态存在,晶界处析出相尺寸在100~400 nm之间。经650 ℃敏化2 h后试样的强韧性匹配良好,综合力学性能较为优异。     

热处理对25CrNi2MoVNb钢氢脆敏感性的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了奥氏体化温度对25CrNi2MoVNb钢的氢脆敏感性的影响.奥氏体化温度从880 ℃升高到1200 ℃,25CrNi2MoVNb钢的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸从6 μm长大到204 μm.随奥氏体化温度升高,奥氏体晶粒长大会导致氢脆敏感性增加,但同时屈服强度下降会导致氢脆敏感性降低.在本试验条件下,奥氏体化温度为1100 ℃时,25CrNi2MoVNb 钢的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸为57 μm,氢脆敏感性最低.     

稳定奥氏体不锈钢氢渗透的研究

本文用电化学氢渗透法,研究了钝化膜、极化电位及介质中pH值对氢在稳定奥氏体不锈钢中渗透行为的影响。测定了氢在310奥氏体不锈钢中25℃时的扩散系数为(1.2±0.1)×10~(-8)cm~2/sec;估算了氢在钝化膜中的扩系散数约为10~(-8)cm~2/sec数量级。随着介质中pH值的降低,氢渗透的饱和电流增加。不仅阴极极化可增加氢渗透的饱和电流;当电位超过点蚀击穿电位后,阳极极化也可增加氢渗透的饱和电流。充氢后试样在0.1NH_2SO_4溶液中的阳极极化曲线显著地向右移动;充氢后的固溶处理试祥,也具有明显的晶间腐蚀倾向。     

胎盘组织核因子-κB与妊娠并发症关系研究进展

核因子-κB（NF-κB）是一种细胞内重要的转录因子,调控包括炎症、凋亡在内多种基因的表达,在胎盘中分布广泛。本文对胎盘组织中NF-κB与先兆子痫、HELLP综合征和胎膜早破等妊娠并发症的关系研究进行综述,概括了胎盘NF-κB在这些妊娠并发症发生过程中的作用以及依赖NF-κB途径治疗相关疾病的研究进展,为胎盘相关疾病的深入研究奠定基础,为妊娠并发症疾病的诊治提供新思路。     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Cr18Mn18 High Nitrogen Steel Precipitating Behavior and Microstructure

The grain size and precipitate amount which are affected by heat treatment have significant impact on the properties of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel. In this study, Cr18Mn18 high nitrogen steel sheet is employed to investigate the effects of precipitate on austenitic grain size. It can be seen that the lamella precipitates which are rich in nitrogen and chromium nucleate in the austenite grain boundary and grow inward into grain when aged at 800 ℃ through electron probe micro-analyzer. The transmission electron microscopy results demonstrate that the precipitate is Cr2N and its morphology are detected as ellipsoid-like with major axis of 100-300 nm and minor axis of 50-100 nm roughly. The experiment show that coarsen of the austenite grain is quite critical at 1000-1100 ℃. However, the samples which pre-precipitated at 800 ℃ for 240 min to obtain the most nitride precipitate exhibits much smaller grain size than the as-rolled samples after solid solution treated at 1000, 1050 and 1100 ℃ for 240 min. The results show that the nitride precipitates in the grain boundary can effectively pin the austenite grain boundary and inhibit the grain growth.     

激光喷丸强化对电化学充氢316L奥氏体不锈钢振动疲劳性能的影响

研究了激光喷丸强化对电化学充氢316L奥氏体不锈钢振动疲劳性能的影响.测试分析了不同激光功率密度喷丸316L不锈钢充氢试样的残余应力、显微硬度和微观组织结构,并对比研究其振动疲劳寿命和断口形貌.结果 显示,激光喷丸诱导材料表层位错密度增加,并有效细化晶粒,抑制了氢原子的入侵,同时复杂晶界和高密度位错增殖结构阻碍了氢原子...     

稳定奥氏体不锈钢的氢脆

用光学显微镜,扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪研究了稳定的奥氏体不锈钢的氢脆现象。结果表明:1.阴极充氢能引起试样表面γ→ε转变,并有新的f_(cc)相的出现。2.充氢可使试样表面形成裂纹。3.拉伸试样表面充氢层的断口是穿晶解理断口。断口中的二次裂纹是沿着滑移线的。 上述结果证明:α′马氏体转变对于奥氏体钢的氢脆并不是必要的条件。稳定的奥氏体不锈钢中也会发生氢脆现象。     

Notch tensile properties of laser-surface-annealed 17-4 PH stainless steel in hydrogen-related environments

Slow displacement rate tensile tests were performed to determine the notched tensile strength (NTS) of 17-4 PH stainless steel with various microstructures in hydrogen-related environments. Solution-annealed (SA), peak-aged (H900), over-aged (H1025), and laser-annealed (LA) specimens were included in the study. Based on the results of NTS in air, the NTS loss in both gaseous hydrogen and H₂S-saturated solution was used to access the detrimental effects of hydrogen in 17-4 PH steel subjected to different treatments. Electrochemical permeation tests were also employed to determine the hydrogen permeation characteristics of the 17-4 PH steel plate with various microstructures. The result indicates that all the specimens have low NTS loss in gaseous hydrogen but significantly suffer from sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SCC), especially for the soft SA specimen. It was deduced that high hydrogen diffusivity and less trapped hydrogen atoms in the SA matrix provided rapid transport of massive hydrogen atoms into highly stressed region, and deteriorated the NTS tested in the saturated sulfide solution. On the other hand, H1025 specimen consists of the blocky austenite together with Cu-rich precipitates uniformly distributed in the grain interior; dense and coarse precipitates are also observed along prior austenite grain boundaries. Hydrogen atoms tend to be trapped along grain boundaries, and lead to the formation of intergranular fracture for H1025 specimen tested in the H₂S solution. Fine and homogeneously distributed precipitates in the H900 matrix result in uniformly trapping of hydrogen atoms, so it behaves superior properties than other specimens. The decohesion of precipitate/matrix interfaces induces quasi-cleavage fracture of the H900 specimen tested in H₂S solution. Finally, the application of laser-annealing treatment on the H900 specimen cannot improve its resistance to sulfide SCC, because the laser-annealed zone is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement in the H₂S solution.     

奥氏体不锈钢平均晶粒尺寸的超声评价技术

采用超声纵波声速评价奥氏体不锈钢昌粒尺寸,建立了超声纵波声速与平均晶粒尺寸的关系式,其平均晶粒尺寸与超声速线性相关,并分析了声速测量误差。     

退火温度对新能源汽车用含Ce无取向电工钢组织和织构的影响

采用SEM、EBSD和XRD等分析手段研究了退火温度对含Ce新能源无取向电工钢组织及织构的影响。结果表明:800 ℃退火后,试验钢边部和中心部位均能观察到再结晶组织及亚晶组织,α线织构中的{112}<110>取向密度最高,γ线织构中的{111}<112>取向密度较弱,退火板存在少量η织构;830～920 ℃退火后,温度越高,再结晶越充分,α线织构取向密度下降,γ线织构取向密度增加,η织构基本消失;试验钢在950 ℃退火后发生了完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸为48.29 μm,γ线织构中的{111}<112>取向密度最高,为11.36。     

Influence of grain size on nitrogen diffusivity in austenitic stainless steel

Ion nitriding of austenitic stainless steel with the aim to improve the tribological properties while retaining the excellent corrosion resistance is a well-established method. At the same time, strongly varying microstructures can be obtained depending on the pretreatment. In this work, the influence of prior heat treatment in the temperature range between 950 and 1200 °C on the microstructure, especially the grain size, and the corresponding observed nitrogen diffusivity in austenitic stainless steel DIN 1.4301 (AISI 304, X6CrNi18.10) after nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is studied. Cross-section and plan view samples were prepared and investigated. With increased annealing temperature, both larger grains and slower diffusion was observed, despite diffusion ranges much smaller than the average grain size. Another, still hidden effect of dislocation densities or other defects on both secondary parameters is suggested.     

Nitriding of Fe-Cr-Ni films by low energy ion implantation

Nitrogen low energy implantation was carried out simultaneously into thin austenitic stainless steel films, deposited by ion-beam sputtering, and bulk samples with the aim to investigate the influence of the grain size and microstructure on diffusion and phase formation. Nitrogen uptake, diffusion and phase formation were investigated using SIMS, XRD and TEM. The diffusion itself is very similar in bulk material and thin films, indicating that the grain size differing by close to a factor of 1000 is not the dominating factor. In contrast, the transition towards CrN precipitates within a martensitic host was only found for the thin films implanted at 360 °C.     

SNCrW钢晶粒度及碳化物的控制研究

SNCrW钢属奥氏体耐热钢,固溶态的奥氏体晶粒度和碳化物的分布是影响其力学性能的主要因素。对该钢进行了热处理和热变形加工试验。结果表明,采用分段加热锻造,即钢锭或钢坯先高温加热,然后再于1150～900℃加热锻造,能有效控制该钢的奥氏体晶粒度和碳化物分布形态。     

时效制度对含钪超高强铝合金晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀的影响

通过晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀和电化学腐蚀试验,结合扫描电镜和透射电镜等分析手段,研究了含钪Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr合金在不同时效状态下的的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为。结果表明,合金抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀能力随着时效时间的延长而提高,在4.0mol/L NaCl+0.1mol/L HNO3+0.4mol/L KNO3(EXCO)溶液中测试的极化曲线也表现出相同的趋势。透射电镜观察表明,晶界析出相和晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)是影响合金腐蚀性能的主要因素。随着时效时间的延长,非平衡相η′和S′相逐渐向平衡相η和S相转变,晶界析出相粗化并呈链状分布,PFZ变宽。晶界粗大平衡相的不均匀分布和PFZ阻断了腐蚀的阳极通道,使合金的腐蚀敏感性降低。     

加氢反应器不锈钢堆焊熔合区氢剥离行为的分析

针对309L+347L双层不锈钢带极堆焊工艺,采用高温、高压釜试验方法进行了氢剥离试验研究,试验发现氢剥离裂纹萌生于紧靠熔合区硬化带的纯奥氏体晶界并沿平行于硬化带的奥氏体晶界扩展.结果表明,氢剥离的主要机制是H原子在硬化带与奥氏体不锈钢结合界面高度聚集,造成紧靠硬化带的纯奥氏体晶界脆化,在结合界面高剪应力的作用下,裂纹萌生和扩展.采用较小的焊接热输入,抑制309L堆焊层奥氏体晶粒过分长大并保证铁素体含量;采用合理的焊后热处理,减小硬化带厚度及控制加氢反应器停运的冷却速度是防止氢剥离的有效措施.     

V微合金化对55SiCr钢组织和抗延迟断裂性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热力学计算、物理化学相分析和恒载荷缺口拉伸试验,研究了V微合金化对55SiCr弹簧钢淬火和回火后的组织和抗延迟断裂性能的影响。结果表明,由于微合金化元素V的加入,试验钢经淬火和回火后的屈服强度提高了150 MPa,抗拉强度提高了100 MPa,同时获得了尺寸集中在18～36 nm的MC析出相,有效阻止了淬火保温时奥氏体晶粒的长大,将奥氏体晶粒尺寸由15.4μm细化至4.7μm。添加V元素后,在超细晶粒和MC型纳米析出相作为氢陷阱的共同作用下,55SiCr弹簧钢获得高强度和更好的抗延迟断裂性能。     

Oxidation of a Mn-Cr austenitic steel during creep testing and its interaction with the fracture

The interaction between oxidation and creep rupture was studied in a 17 Mn-10 Cr austenitic steel, of interest as structural material for the internal components of fusion reactors. The observation of the creep specimens tested in air at temperatures ranging from 773 to 973 K revealed the presence of an adherent oxide scale and of a ferritic phase underneath, which forms as a consequence of the Mn depletion of the austenitic matrix. The microstructure of the two layers was investigated by optical microscopy, SEM, X-ray diffraction, EDS and magnetic permeability measurements. The scale has a complex structure, being composed mainly of manganese oxide. The ferritic layer is completely recrystallized and does not present grain boundary precipitates as the austenitic phase does. The effect of the surface modification on the creep rupture process is discussed in the light of a recent model of deformation-oxidation interaction.     

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 12Cr1MoV钢是目前用于锅炉主蒸汽管道的常用钢种之一，具有较高的持久强度和持久塑性，良好的抗氧化性能，且无热脆倾向。本文通过改变12Cr1MoV钢的奥氏体化温度和时间获得不同的晶粒尺寸，以模拟蒸汽管道在高温长期工作时的晶粒尺寸变化。对钢的晶粒度显示方法进行了系统研究，获得理想效果。此外对晶粒大小对材料拉伸性能的影响也进行了分析。