快淬对La0.67Mg0.33(NiCo)3贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

测试了AB3型贮氢合金La0.67Mg0.33(NiCo)3铸态与快淬态的电化学性能,用XRD和SEM测试了合金的微观结构,研究了快淬对AB3型贮氢合金电化学性能的影响.结果表明,快淬使合金的放电容量降低,对合金的活化性能没有明显影响;快淬降低了合金的容量衰减率,提高了合金的循环寿命,其主要原因是快淬使合金的晶粒显著细化.铸态和快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括斜六面体的(La,Mg)Ni3相,六方的LaNi5相及少量的LaNi2相.快淬使合金中的LaNi2相含量增加,这是快淬使合金放电容量下降的一个主要原因.     

铸态及快淬态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni储氢合金的微结构与电化学性能

首先采用二步熔炼法制备了铸态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合储氢合金,然后在不同快淬速度下对铸态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金进行快淬处理,获得一系列不同快淬速度的快淬态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合储氢合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM/EDS)和电化学测试方法研究了所有合金的微结构和电化学性能。微结构分析表明,铸态Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金由LaNi_5和少量的Mg_2Ni相组成。而铸态复合合金经快淬处理后,合金中少量的Mg_2Ni相消失,同时有LaNi_3和极少量的La2Ni3新相形成。快淬态合金中的Mg元素主要以固溶形式优先存在于富稀土LaNi_3相中,形成(La,Mg)Ni_3相。电化学分析表明,恰当的快淬处理能使Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金的活化性能、最大放电容量、放电特性和循环稳定性得到改善。但快淬速度太大,上述性能均有变坏趋势。当快淬速度为15 m·s-1时,Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5-Mg_2Ni复合合金具有最大的放电容量,此时合金的最大放电容量为303.5 m Ah·g~(-1),比铸态合金的最大放电容量增大了3.3%;快淬速度为20 m·s~(-1)时,复合合金的循环稳定性最佳,80次循环后的容量保持率为98.3%,比铸态合金的容量保持率增大了11.9%。     

快淬纳米晶/非晶Mg2-xLaxNi (x=0～0.6)合金的贮氢动力学

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金气态及电化学贮氢动力学性能,用La部分替代合金中的Mg,用快淬技术制备了Mg2-xLaxNi(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)合金,用XRD,SEM,HRTEM分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构;用自动控制的Sieverts设备测试了合金的气态贮氢动力学性能,用程控电池测试仪测试了合金的电化学贮氢动力学.结果发现,快淬无La合金具有典型的纳米晶结构,而快淬含La合金显示了以非晶相为主的结构,表明La替代Mg提高Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力.La替代Mg明显地改变Mg2Ni型合金的相组成.当La替代量x=0.4时,合金的主相改变为(La,Mg) Ni3+ LaMg3.合金的气态及电化学吸放氢动力学对La含量及快淬工艺敏感,La替代使合金的吸氢动力学降低,但适量的La替代可以明显改善合金的放氢动力学及高倍率放电能力.适当的快淬处理可以提高合金的气态及电化学贮氢动力学,但获得最佳贮氢动力学的快淬工艺与合金的成分密切相关.     

快淬 TiZrVMnNi 贮氢合金的电化学性能研究

对比研究了熔体旋转和常规铸态Ti0 .8Zr0 .2 Mn0 .5V0 .5Ni1.0 贮氢合金的电化学特性。发现快淬态与铸态合金的活化性能都很好 ,经过 1～ 3次充放电循环 ,就可达到最大放电容量。快淬工艺明显提高了合金的放电容量 ,并且淬速与放电容量之间在一定情况下出现峰值。快淬工艺同时改善合金的放电电压特性 ,使合金的放电平台更平 ,平台电压更高。但是快淬钛基贮氢合金的循环稳定性能和铸态合金一样差 ,放电容量在 10次内急剧衰减。     

退火及快淬对La_(0.60)Pr_(0.15)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.20)Si_(0.10)储氢性能影响研究

采用熔炼法制备La_(0.60)Pr_(0.15)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.20)Si_(0.10)铸态储氢合金,将铸态合金分别在950oC条件下退火处理3 h,以及以1 m/s的速度进行快淬处理。系统研究三种合金的结构及储氢性能。XRD结果表明,退火及快淬处理后合金的相结构未发生明显变化,主相均为La Ni5相。电化学性能测试证明,与铸态合金相比,退火及快淬态合金的最大放电容量及循环稳定性均得到提升。动力学测试结果说明退火及快淬处理的合金高倍率性能降低,表面电荷转移电阻增大,交换电流密度升高,其中退火合金的极限电流密度具有最大值。     

快淬速度对Nd4.5Fe77B18.5合金显微组织的影响

研究了Nd4.5Fe77B18.5合金在不同快淬速度下,显微组织的变化.当快淬速度为3 m/s时,快淬带的组织为:Nd2Fe14B α-Fe Fe3B;当快淬速度为5 m/s时,快淬带的显微组织为Nd2Fe14B Fe3B;当快淬速度为7 m/s时,开始出现非晶相,快淬带的组织Fe3B 非晶;当快淬速度为20 m/s时,出现完全的非晶相.并分析了在不同快淬速度下形成不同显微组织的原因.     

制备工艺对无钴AB5型贮氢合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响

用真空熔炼、快淬工艺以及球磨工艺制备稀土基无钴AB5型La（NiMnAlFe）5贮氢合金，用XRD测试了合金的相结构，并测试了不同制备工艺下合金的电化学性能。研究了制备工艺对无钴合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明，由真空熔炼和快淬工艺制备的合金为CaCu5型单相结构，球磨合金由CaCu5型相和游离Ni相组成，并出现了非晶化趋势。快淬和球磨均使合金的放电容量降低，循环稳定性提高，但球磨工艺的影响更为显著，主要原因是球磨后合金中出现非晶化趋势。     

快淬SmFe合金相结构及显微组织研究

采用快淬法制备SmFe合金的过程中,在不同快淬速率下会得到4种不同外部形貌的合金,采用XRD,SEM,EDS等方法分析不同快淬速率下SmFe合金的相组成及显微组织结构,研究快淬速率及Sm含量对快淬态合金薄带相组成和显微组织结构的影响。研究表明:随着快淬速率的升高,冷却速度及过冷度也随之升高,合金薄带的相组成与组织形貌发生较大的改变,当快淬速率达到15 m·s-1时,SmFe合金的相结构开始由Th2Zn17型晶体结构转变为TbCu7型结构,通过对不同快淬速率下获得的合金薄带进行SEM和EDS分析,确定快淬态的SmFe合金薄带均由α-Fe枝晶相、包晶SmFe相及富Sm相组成,并且随着快淬速率的升高,枝晶逐渐向等轴晶转变,晶粒得到一定程度的细化,当快淬速率达到40 m·s-1时,枝晶生长转变为球状晶生长,晶粒大幅度细化,同时偏析现象消失,组织分布均匀化;通过对在同一快淬速率下获得的不同Sm含量的快淬SmFe合金薄带进行XRD分析,发现Sm含量的降低有利于TbCu7型结构的SmFe合金的获得,经SEM与EDS分析,发现随着Sm含量的增多,合金组织中α-Fe枝晶相逐渐减少,富Sm相逐渐增多。     

Zr对Co基合金铸态组织和玻璃形成能力的影响

采用单辊旋淬法制备Co-Fe-Zr-Nb-B多元合金非晶薄带.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对样品的微观组织、物相组成及热稳定性进行检测分析,以研究Zr元素含量对其铸态组织和玻璃形成能力的影响.结果表明:在合金中适量添加Zr元素有利于提高铸态组织的细小均匀化程度,同时,合金具有较强玻璃形成能力和较高热稳定性.Zr元素含量为4%(原子分数)时铸态组织最均匀细小,具有很好的非晶形成能力及热稳定性,其玻璃转变温度Tg,初始晶化温度Tx和过冷液相区(SLR)宽度△Tx或(Tx-Tg)分别为870.32、936.28和65.96 K.     

Nd2(Fe,Al)14B/α-Fe纳米复相永磁体的显微结构和磁性能

本文研究了不同铝含量对Nd2(Fe,Al)14B/α-Fe纳米复相永磁材料显微结构和磁性能的影响.采用熔体快淬的方法制备实验样品,利用透射电镜观察铝对淬火态及不同热处理温度下样品组织结构和磁性能的影响.结果表明,在相同工艺下,铝的加入有利于快淬薄带非晶化,并将Nd2Fe14B相的析出温度向高温方向推移.同时,铝对合金的晶粒生长具有抑制作用,即细化晶粒.这种作用优化样品的组织结构,提高样品的剩磁和最大磁能积.     

Density and surface tension of the melt of an amorphous alloy as a function of the structure of the initial sample

The structural and physicochemical properties of a melt of a new bulk amorphous alloy produced from a metal with various initial structures, such as cast, ingot, and melt quenched, have been studied. The most favorable initial structure for producing the bulk amorphous alloy forms in the metal quenched from a melt into iced water. On melting the ingot metal, an excess phase stable at a substantial superheating precipitates. The dissolution of the excess phase is accommodated by a sharp increase in the density. The melt-quenched alloy has a critical quenching temperature determined by the superposition of structure and temperature factors: the glass-forming ability of the alloy increases sharply near the critical temperature.     

Effect of Rapid Quenching on Microstructures and Electrochemical Performances of La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9M0.1 （M = B, Cr） Hydrogen Storage Alloys

The La-Mg-Ni-system （PuNi3-type） La2Mg （Ni0.85 Co0.15 ）9M0.1 （ M = B, Cr） hydrogen storage etectrode alloys were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. The electrochemical performances and microstructures of the as-cast and quenched alloys were determined and measured. The effects of rapid quenching on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of the alloys were investigated in detail. The obtained results show that the alloys are composed of the （La, Mg） Ni3 phase （PuNi3-type structure） and the LaNi5 phase, as well as the small amount of the LaNi2 phase. A trace of the Ni2B phase exists in the as-cast alloy containing boron, and the Ni2B phase in the alloy nearly disappears after rapid quenching. The relative amount of each phase in the alloys depends on the quenching rate. The rapid quenching technique can greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the alloy, and the effect of rapid quenching on the activation performances of the alloys is minor. Rapid quenching enhances the cycle stability of the alloy, and the cycle life of the alloy increases with the increase of the quenching rate.     

Low elastic modulus Ti–17Nb processed by powder injection moulding and post-sintering heat treatments

Abstract

Ti–Nb alloys are attractive as biomaterials because of their excellent combination of low elastic modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance and enhanced biocompatibility. The effect of a post-sintering quenching treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of powder injection moulded Ti–17Nb has been investigated. Tensile test specimens were produced using a feedstock based on blended elemental powders, some of which were solution-treated in the β phase field and water quenched. Both as-sintered and quenched alloys had densities 95·5% of theoretical. The as-sintered material showed an α?β structure, whereas after quenching a fully martensitic α″ structure was obtained. The modulus of elasticity of the water-quenched alloy (～45 GPa) was about 40% lower than that of the as-sintered alloy (～76 GPa).     

Investigation on RQ Embrittlement Mechanism of FeCuNbSiB Soft Magnetic Alloy

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淬火介质对高强铝合金晶间腐蚀性能的影响

对经过不同淬火介质淬火的高强铝合金的极化曲线特性和晶间腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明：经过空气淬火的合金在极化过程中腐蚀电流大,腐蚀速率也大;而经过20℃水淬火合金在极化过程中腐蚀电流最小,腐蚀速率最小。经过空气淬火合金抗晶间腐蚀性能最差,而经过100℃水淬火合金抗晶问腐蚀性能较好,经过20℃水淬火合金抗晶间腐蚀性能最强。     

Influence of rapid quenching on cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system （AB3-type） electrode alloys

Aiming at the improvement of the cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system （PuNi3-type） hydrogen storage alloy, Ni in the alloy was partly substituted by Fe. The electrode alloys of La0.7Mg0.3Co0.45Ni255-xFex （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4） were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. The influence of the quenching on cyclic stability as well as structure of the alloys was investigated in detail. The results of electrochemical measurement indicated that rapid quenching significantly improved cyclic stability. When the quenching rate rose from 0 （As-cast was defined as a quenching rate of 0 m/s） to 30 m/s, the cyclic life of Fe-free alloy （x=-0） increased from 81 to 105 cycles, and for alloy containing Fe（x=0.4）, it grew from 106 to 166 cycles at a current density of 600 mA/g. The results obtained by XRD, TEM and SEM revealed that the as-cast and quenched alloys had multiphase structures, including two major phases （La, Mg）Ni3 and LaNi5 as well as an imptLrity phase LaNi2. Rapid quenching helped the formation of an amorphous-like structure in Fe containing alloys.     

Relations between Quenching Rate and Electrochemical Characteristics of Mm (NiCoMnA1) 5Bx (x=0～0.2) Electrode Alloys

Low-Co AB5-type Mm(NiCoMnA1)5Bx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 ) electrode alloys were prepared by casting and rapid quenching.The effects of the rapid quenching on the lattice constants, microstructures and electrochemical characteristics of the alloys were investigated in detail.The obtained results show that the rapid quenching made lattice constants and cell volume increased.In a range of the quenching rate, rapid quenching can increase the discharge capacities of the alloys.However, the discharge capacity of the as-quenched alloy is lower than that of the as-cast alloy when quenching rate is more than a critical value.The cycle lives of the alloys increase monotonously with the increase of the quenching rate.     

快淬MmNi_(3.5)Co_(0.75)Mn_(0.55)Al_(0.2)合金的电化学性能

应用不同的快淬速度制取成分为ＭｍＮｉ３．５Ｃｏ０．７５Ｍｎ０．５５Ａｌ０．２的贮氢合金，并做了电化学充放电循环实验，比较了它们的电化学活化速度、放电容量、放电电压性能以及电化学循环稳定性。冷却速度越高，合金的电化学循环稳定性越好、放电电压平台越平坦，放电电压也稍高，但导致放电容量下降，初期活化困难。