基于激光靶向跟踪的悬臂式掘进机位姿测量系统研究

掘进机位姿准确快速测量是煤矿巷道智能掘进的前提和基础。目前悬臂式掘进机位姿测量存在非绝对位姿测量、测量精度低、布置复杂或仅能测量少数位姿参数等问题,无法满足智能掘进需要。针对上述问题,在基于激光靶向跟踪的悬臂式掘进机位姿测量方法的基础上,设计了一种基于激光靶向跟踪的悬臂式掘进机位姿测量系统。该系统由激光跟踪装置和激光标靶组成,激光跟踪装置安装在巷道后方,发射激光到安装在悬臂式掘进机机身上的激光标靶上并跟踪激光标靶移动,通过求解激光跟踪装置、激光标靶、掘进机和巷道等坐标系间的转换矩阵即可测得掘进方向位置、偏距、高度、偏向角、俯仰角和翻滚角6个绝对位姿参数,实现了悬臂式掘进机在巷道大地坐标系中绝对位姿的全参数实时测量。分析了该系统的误差影响因素,仿真得到了其误差分布规律：随着掘进距离增加,掘进机姿态测量误差在一定范围内变化,偏距和高度测量误差呈线性增加趋势;在5～80 m测量范围内,掘进机偏向角、俯仰角和翻滚角测量误差分别小于1.4,1,0.03°,掘进方向位置测量误差小于5 mm,偏距和高度测量误差均小于20 mm。利用履带式机器人底盘搭建了位姿测量实验系统,开展了其在模拟巷道中的位姿测...     

激光外差多普勒二次谐波测厚方法

为提高玻璃厚度测最的测量精度,提出一种激光外差检测技术和激光多普勒效应相结合的二次谐波玻璃厚度测量方法;方法应用激光多普勒效应,使激光在玻璃前表面的反射光与其前一时刻在后表面反射的光频率不同,于前表面产生差频信号,由快速傅里叶变换得到二次谐波频差,计算得玻璃厚度;理论计算表明,系统中玻璃厚度与频差成正比;MATLAB软件仿真证明,该方法可以实现精确测量厚度小于1 mm的玻璃,测量误差小于土0.005mm.     

目视万工显的CCD影像测量系统设计与标定

在目视万工显的基础上,采用CCD图像传感器设计电子目镜采集图像,利用光栅尺实现万工显二维平台移动的测量,分别通过USB口和串口实现图像数据和光栅尺测量数据的计算机自动采集。使用二级精度的毫米级玻璃线纹尺来标定影像测量系统,使用电子目镜采集玻璃线纹尺1 mm刻度的图像,通过编制的软件对图像进行像素细分、去噪声、二值化、刻线细化等处理,实现影像测量系统的标定。最后使用一级精度的0.01mm玻璃线纹尺验证标定结果,验证结果表明:标定结果符合测量要求。     

三维焊接坡口轮廓图像测量系统

开发了一种三维焊接坡口轮廓图像测量系统,该系统基于光栅莫尔条纹投影原理,由LD、光栅副、滤光片、面阵CCD（Charged coupled device）及DSP图像信号处理等部分组成。分析了在恶劣的焊接现场条件下,莫尔条纹投影到焊接工件表面的噪声产生机理,提出并采用了中值滤波方法对采集的原始激光焊缝图像信号进行平滑处理。由CCD采集到的焊接坡口表面变形的莫尔条纹二维激光图像,经过图像信号处理软件后恢复焊接坡口的三维轮廓图像,获得焊缝中心、深度、宽度等参数的精确尺寸信息。该测量系统经过在轻便型焊接机器人上试用,其测试精度、实时性基本能满足要求。实验结果表明该方法简单可靠、效果明显。     

基于视觉测量的快速掘进机器人纠偏控制研究

针对在煤矿井下高粉尘、低照度环境中,掘进机器人定位与控制精度不高的问题,设计了一种基于视觉测量的快速掘进机器人纠偏控制系统。利用安装在快速掘进机器人上的防爆相机,对后方的激光指向仪进行图像采集,通过以太网将采集的图像信息传输给防爆计算机;利用防爆计算机对图像进行预处理,根据位姿解算模型解算出快速掘进机器人位姿;将解算出的位姿信息与巷道设计轴线信息进行比较,计算出快速掘进机器人位姿与巷道设计轴线间的位姿偏差;根据位姿偏差的类型与大小,采用不同的控制策略计算出修正后的控制量,并输出控制指令;控制指令控制电磁比例阀的阀芯移动,实现对伸缩油缸的控制,根据各区域伸缩油缸的伸缩量不同,对快速掘进机器人进行位姿调整,实现纠偏控制。实验结果表明:位姿视觉测量精度为X方向平均偏差21.334mm,Y方向平均偏差34.154mm,偏航角平均偏差为0.493°;纠偏控制精度在X方向小于30mm,满足实际工况要求。     

基于单幅灰度图像的微胶点体积测量

针对微量布胶情况下布胶量难以有效测量的问题,研究了基于单幅灰度图像还原胶点三维形貌进而进行体积测量的方法;通过建立胶点的光照模型,在一定的约束条件下利用线性迭代算法来求解胶点表面方向,进而对表面方向进行积分获得胶点形貌曲面,并在通过数学形态学获得的胶点覆盖边缘内对表面曲面进行积分,得到胶点的估计体积;仿真与实验表验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明,三维测量比二维测量具有更高的精度,使测量误差从3.76%(二维)降低到1.09%(三维).     

激光三角法测距传感器的参数优化

为了使激光三角测距传感器适应漫反射较弱的光滑被测表面,提高测量精度,分析了工作角取值对漫反射光采集的影响,以及成像系统参考点处垂轴放大率与光学分辨率的关系,对传感器的结构参数进行了优化.实验结果表明:对于表面粗糙度Ra小于0.8μm的被测面,工作角取值不应大于40°以保证成像质量;在成像良好的情况下,参考点的垂轴放大率越大,系统测量精度越高,实验系统在60 mm工作距下测量误差小于5μm.     

车厢尺寸测量及定位系统研究

针对国内大型水泥厂对袋装水泥自动化装车设备的需求,首要任务是解决车厢尺寸自动化测量及定位问题。为适应现场多灰尘、高光强的半室外环境,采用三自由度运动平台搭载一维激光测距传感器的方法,设计了一种货车车厢尺寸测量及定位系统。系统由一维激光测距传感器、三自由度运动平台、控制系统和上位机四部分组成。系统实时采集激光传感器位置坐标及其测量的距离值,通过检测货车车厢四周挡板的具体坐标,计算车厢的长度、宽度、深度及停靠位置,实现车厢尺寸自动化测量和定位,并开发了上位机界面,方便用户操作和数据显示。对货车模型的测试结果表明,该系统在现场恶劣环境中能够稳定运行,具有较强的抗干扰能力,并且车厢尺寸测量相对偏差小于3.8%,定位绝对偏差不大于11.2 mm。该结果验证了该方案的可行性。     

结构光截面轮廓测量中激光条纹的处理

在结构光测量系统中需要对采集到的激光条纹图像进行有效处理。该文提出了一种基于差图像的阈值分割方法,应用该方法对采集到的激光条纹图像进行阈值分割从而得到二值激光条纹图像,利用神经网络对二值激光条纹图像进行细化处理,处理过的细化条纹图像满足0.5％的精度要求,图像二值化处理时间不到1s,细化过程的时间小于2s,相对传统的图像处理时间有所增加,已经成功地应用在物体三维重建时特征参数匹配的预处理中。     

基于旋转谐振结构的单芯片二维电场传感器

提出并研制了一种二维电场检测传感芯片,将四个电场测量微型单元和旋转式驱动微结构集成在3. 5 mm ×3. 5 mm的敏感结构上,实现了单芯片的电场二维测量.介绍了传感器的工作原理、敏感结构的设计,以及基于绝缘体上硅( SOI)工艺的单芯片微型二维电场传感器制备工艺技术.成功研制出传感器原理样机,研究了微型二维电场传感器的标定方法,开发了用于电场二维标定的测试装置,并在室温常压下对传感器进行了二维标定.实验结果表明:该传感器能够有效减小电场的轴间耦合干扰,测量误差优于7. 04%,线性度可达到1. 25%.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。