LNG接收站海水处理系统防海洋生物技术方案对比

目前国内LNG接收站的海水处理系统均采用传统的海水电解制氯技术防治海洋生物危害。EGD杀生缓蚀剂作为一种新型杀生缓蚀剂,已成功应用于电厂海水循环冷却水系统。通过对EGD杀生缓蚀剂与传统的海水电解制氯系统在环保、技术、投资和运行成本上进行对比,结果表明EGD杀生缓蚀剂系统的环保性及经济性均优于海水电解制氯系统。     

滨海火力发电厂末端高含盐水综合利用技术研究及应用

本文以华电青岛发电有限公司优化用水及末端废水处理改造方案为案例,简要介绍了滨海火电厂末端高盐废水综合利用的途径,分析了锅炉补给水和生产工艺的排水情况、分类收集方案以及梯级利用途径。同时,介绍了滨海电厂末端高含盐废水用于电解制氯的工艺路线,为国内滨海电厂高盐水综合利用提供技术参考,对于同类型火电厂优化用水、末端废水处理提供了很好的借鉴参考。     

电解海水制氯系统在火电厂循环水处理中的应用

以印尼某海滨火电厂循环水处理为例,介绍了电解海水制氯系统的原理和流程,通过运行实验总结出制氯系统运行参数和控制指标,对于海滨电厂类似项目有一定参考价值。     

600MW机组电解海水制氯系统调试

文章总结了新建600 MW机组LHB-90A型电解海水制氯装置的调试过程,提出了电解海水制氯系统配套联锁保护和报警功能,并明确了调试相关注意事项,实现了电解海水制氯系统安全稳定、自动高效投运。     

海水取水系统海洋生物污损处理方案选择

该文结合工程设计,对氧化型杀生剂法和非氧化型杀生剂法做了介绍,并对电解海水制氯法、外购工业次氯酸钠法、液氯法三个方案进行了技术经济比较,推荐采用电解海水制氯法和固体非氧化型杀生剂法相结合作为海水取水系统污损生物的处理方案。     

火力发电厂海水冷却塔循环冷却水处理方法的研究

针对某滨海电厂一期现场取水口海水水质,采用静态腐蚀挂片试验对钛、双相不锈钢、塑料等材质进行了抗腐蚀性能对照试验分析;通过动态模拟试验,投加氧化性杀生剂液氯,在浓缩倍数为2.0、2.5以及在海水阻垢分散剂XD01浓度为20mg/L的条件下,对几种管材的抗腐蚀性能分别进行了研究与评价。试验结果表明钛管和双向不锈钢对海水的耐蚀性能良好。     

电解海水催化剂的设计与改性

电解海水是一种可再生、可持续、低成本且节约淡水资源的氢气生产方案。因此,针对天然海水或盐水电解质的析氢反应（HER）和析氧反应（OER）,设计开发高效、稳定的电催化剂具有良好的应用前景。为了深入了解海水电解所面临的现状和挑战,本文对电催化分解海水催化剂的设计思路与改性方法进行了系统的回顾和总结。首先详细讨论了电解海水中析氢反应、析氧反应、析氯反应的基本原理。随后对最近报道的在海水中能够稳定运行的HER和OER电催化剂进行了汇总和分析。针对阴极催化剂,分别概述了高效贵金属基电催化剂和低成本过渡金属基电催化剂。针对阳极催化剂,主要讨论了取得较大进展的镍基催化剂,随后对镍基之外的其他电催化剂进行对比补充。文章最后对电解海水催化剂目前所面临的挑战和发展方向进行了总结和展望,基于现有分析认为,在未来的研究中需要进一步探索新型电解海水催化剂的种类和结构,开发更高效稳定的阴极和具有更高OER选择性的阳极电催化剂,以满足分解海水电催化剂工业化应用的要求。     

电解法发生用于污垢控制之卤素的环境影响

业已证明，用海水或盐水电解生产杀菌剂用于工业装置是一种经济而安全的方法。现场发生的杀菌剂加到电厂或工业装置的冷却水回路中可有效地防止设备沉积有机污垢，且不存在商品次氯酸盐存在的某些缺点（例如明显过剩的碱度与水中溶解物反应生成硬垢）也不存在氯气的运输、贮存和管理等一系列问题．电解法对环境的影响问题切仍争论中。     

滨海电厂万吨级低温多效蒸馏海水淡化工程

介绍了某滨海电厂万吨级低温多效蒸馏海水淡化工程的项目概况、工艺设计、设备配置、运行状况及制水成本.工程运行结果表明,该系统运行正常稳定,额定条件下出力达到10000 m3·d-1,产水含盐量小于5 mg·L-1,造水比在8.33以上,均满足设计要求.该工程的实施为在国内推广低温多效蒸馏海水淡化技术积累了宝贵经验.     

国产反渗透膜在电厂大型海水淡化项目中的应用

以山东某城市电厂的大型海水淡化工程为实例,介绍了国产反渗透膜在该海水淡化项目中的应用.运行结果表明:以国产反渗透膜为主的海水淡化处理工艺设计合理,出水水质符合该地的自来水供水要求和植被用水要求,具有良好的环境效益和经济效益,对沿海地区缺水城市的发展具有借鉴意义.     

我国海水利用工程取水构筑物型式研究

为了明晰不同海水利用工程中经济适用的海水取水构筑物型式,简化海水取水构筑物的选型过程,分类统计了现有海水冷却工程和海水淡化工程的取水流量及所采用的取水构筑物型式,并对取水流量、取水水温、水面波动和水文地质对取水构筑物选型的影响进行了分析.结果 表明,取水流量是决定海水取水构筑物选型的最重要因素.在取水流量范围依次减小的...     

大型燃煤电站用SCR烟气脱硝催化剂发展概况

介绍了大型燃煤电站SCR脱硝催化剂的国内外发展情况、国家环保政策需求、市场销售预测和发展前景及面临的问题,概述了国内SCR脱硝技术立项研究的必要性。     

Overview of seawater concentrate disposal alternatives

This article discusses the available alternatives for ocean concentrate disposal, site specific factors involved in the selection of the most viable alternative for a given project, and the environmental permitting requirements and studies associated with their implementation. The article focuses on the three most widely used alternatives for ocean discharge of concentrate: direct discharge through new outfall; discharge through existing wastewater treatment plant outfall; and co-disposal with the cooling water of existing coastal power plant. Key advantages, disadvantages, environmental impact issues and possible solutions are presented for each discharge alternative. Results from recent salinity tolerance and toxicity study completed at the Carlsbad, California seawater desalination demonstration plant for a variety of sensitive marine organisms are presented. The practical implementation of this study along with other methods for analysis of the environmental impact of ocean discharges from large seawater reverse osmosis plants is illustrated with case study examples.     

膜法海水淡化系统在华能威海电厂的应用

随着我国水资源的日益匮乏,海水淡化技术不断应用于工业中。华能威海电厂三期海水淡化系统设备为笔者所在公司提供,海水作为该厂锅炉补给水水源,采用了超滤(UF)-海水反渗透(SWRO)-一级反渗透-二级反渗透-电去离子技术(EDI)全膜法制备。其中能量回收作为海水淡化系统的重要部分,本文将介绍几种常用的能量回收装置,并详细介绍膜法海水淡化系统在该厂中的应用。     

Coupling of nuclear heating reactor with desalination process

A seawater desalination plant using a nuclear heating reactor (NHR) coupled with the multi-effect distillation (MED) process was developed by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, China. The seawater desalination plant was designed to supply potable water demand to some coastal location or island where both fresh water and energy sources are severely lacking. The NHR design possesses intrinsic and passive safety features, which was demonstrated by the NHR-5 experiences. The intermediate circuit and steam circuit were designed as the safety barriers between the NHR and MED desalination systems. With the power range of the heating reactor within 10 to 200 MWt, the desalination plant could provide 8,000 to 160,000 m³/d of potable water of appropriate quality. The design concept and parameters, safety features, and comparative investigation of coupling schemes are presented in the paper.     

中国海水淡化工程进展

本文介绍了中国已建成投产海水淡化装置的数量、产量及各种淡化方法所占比例。到目前为止,海水淡化技术主要应用于沿海岛屿和沿海地区电力、化工等企业。随着海水淡化技术的发展和应用规模的扩大,淡化水生产成本将与市政供水价格接近,海水淡化技术将不仅用于沿海岛屿和企业供水,而且将大规模地应用于市政供水。     

Development of environmentally friendly,antifouling coatings based on tethered quaternary ammonium salts in a crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane matrix

The concept of tethering quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) to a crosslinked polysiloxane matrix to produce a hybrid antifouling/fouling-release coating was investigated. A statistical experimental design was used to determine the effect of QAS concentration on biocidal activity toward a marine bacterium, Cellulophaga lytica (C. lytica). In addition to measuring biocidal activity, coating film quality as well as stability upon water immersion were evaluated. The results of the study showed that biocidal activity was strongly dependent on QAS concentration. For addition-curable coatings, the presence of 4 wt% QAS moieties resulted in approximately 50% reduction in C. lytica biofilm retention without any leachate toxicity. Attempts to increase the level of QAS moieties to increase biocidal activity resulted in coating delamination from the substrate and unacceptable film quality upon artificial seawater immersion due to excessive swelling. As a result, a moisture-curable system based on tethered QASs was investigated since moisture curing allows for higher crosslink densities to be achieved which would be expected to minimize swelling upon artificial seawater immersion. The moisture-curable coating developed showed enhanced stability upon artificial seawater immersion, greater than 80% reduction in C. lytica biofilm retention, and greater than 90% reduction in biofilm growth for the marine algae, Navicula incerta. Presented at 2007 FutureCoat! Conference, sponsored by Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 3–5, 2007, in Toronto, Ont., Canada.     

An MINLP model for biofouling control in seawater-cooled facilities

The use of seawater as a cooling agent in industrial plants is becoming a common practice in regions with water scarcity. One of the main problems of this approach is the heat transfer reduction due to biofouling in the heat exchangers. Biocide agents and scheduled maintenances are commonly used to control the biofilm growth. Dechlorination agents are also used to reduce the biocide concentration in the water discharge. In this work, a mathematical programming approach to develop optimal policies of biocide continuous dosing, dechlorination agents continuous dosing and maintenance scheduling for a seawater-cooled power desalination plant is presented. The resulting mixed integer nonlinear programming model can be used to test different dosing policies to detect a superior one. For the case study presented, results show that daily dosing policies offer an optimum economic policy, although biweekly and monthly dosing policies might provide a suitable compromise between economic and operating issues.