Protamex复合蛋白酶水解牛肉的研究

为优化牛肉酶水解条件，本试验采用响应面法对Protamex复合蛋白酶水解牛肉的条件进行研究。建立了水解度（DH）与pH值、反应温度、反应时间、固液比、酶与底物浓度比之间的数学模型；并获得最佳水解工艺条件：pH值6．4，温度54℃，水解时间6h，固液比1：5．2，酶与底物浓度比2％。     

菠萝蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白工艺优化研究

以水解度为指标，研究了温度、pH、底物浓度、酶浓度等因素对菠萝蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的影响。影响菠萝蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白的影响因素顺次为酶浓度、温度、底物浓度、pH。最佳参数组合是酶浓度为6％、温度为65℃、底物浓度为5％、pH为8．0。在此条件下，菠萝蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的水解度在半小时内可以达到8．18％。     

微生物蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白水解作用的研究

研究了五种蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的水解效果,筛选出效果最好的碱性蛋白酶Alcalase（液态）。并研究了pH值、温度、酶浓度、底物浓度、水解时间对该酶水解效果的影响。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为：温度55℃、pH值8．0、底物浓度2％、酶用量5％（E:S）、水解时间为4～6h。     

复合酶解法制备功能性大豆多肽的研究

利用中性蛋白酶和枯草杆菌对大豆分离蛋白进行复合酶解,首先通过单因素和正交实验确定了中性蛋白酶酶解的最佳水解条件为：底物浓度4%,反应温度50℃,时间4h,pH8．5,酶用量6％,水解度(DH)可达21．46％；再经过枯草杆菌发酵36h后,水解度可迭32．06％,苦味明显降低。     

RSM优化大豆蛋白酶水解条件

用As1．398中性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,采用四因素三水平中心组合设计优化大豆分离蛋白酶水解条件,应用SAS分析软件对实验数据进行处理。得以最佳酶水解条件为：温度40．2℃,pH7．2,酶与底物浓度比0．87%(W/W)。底物浓度8．86%(W/W),水解时间3 h；在此条件下水解度预测值为11．28%,实际测定水解度值为11．24%。     

罗汉果蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白研究

研究了采用罗汉果蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白制备大豆肽的水解工艺;分析了温度、pH、底物浓度、酶与底物比(质量百分比)和时间对酶水解的影响;得到了罗汉果蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳水解工艺为温度60℃、pH9.0、底物浓度5.0%、酶与底物比5.0%、水解时间1h。     

响应面方法应用研究

采用响应面方法对大豆分离蛋白的酶水解条件进行研究，通过SAS数据分析系统对试验结果进行分析，四因素三水平试验设计得到最佳酶水解条件为：温度41．4℃，pH值7．0，酶与底．物浓度比0．87％，底物浓度8．86％；四因素五水平试验设计得到最佳酶水解条件为：温度40．2℃，pH值7．2。酶与底物浓度比0．85％，底物浓度8．43％。两种优化条件下水解度的预测值分别为11．28％和11．09％。试验测定值分别为11．20％和11．08％。结果表明，在单因素试验的基础上，选定相同的因素和相同的试验范围但水平不同的条件下，得到的优化条件和预测值是相同的。     

蛋白酶水解豆渣制备大豆肽的研究

以大豆豆渣为原料,分别采用木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶对大豆豆渣进行水解制备大豆肽.研究了3种蛋白酶在不同温度、pH值、水解时间、酶浓度下水解大豆豆渣的最适酶反应条件,以及水解产物对酸豆乳发酵的影响.结果得出,实验豆渣蛋白质含量为10.4 g/(100 g);木瓜蛋白酶的最适水解条件是底物质量分数5％,酶浓度20 000 U/g,水解温度为50℃,pH7,水解6h,最大水解度可达87.31％;碱性蛋白酶的最适水解条件是底物质量分数5％,酶浓度15 000 U/g,水解温度为55℃,pH9,水解3h,最大水解度可达91.23％;中性蛋白酶的最适水解条件是底物质量分数5％,酶浓度15 000 U/g,水解温度为45℃,pH7,水解8h后达到最大水解度,最大水解度可达81.42％.     

酶水解生蚝的探讨

以生蚝为原料，用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、复合风味蛋白酶等对生蚝进行水解，确定用复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶相互作用，进行水解为佳。其水解条件为：第一步用复合蛋白酶，温度55℃，pH7．5，底物浓度35％，酶与底物浓度比1．25g／Kg，时间2小时；第二步用复合风味蛋白酶，温度50℃，pH6．0，酶与底物浓度比1．25g／kg，时间8小时，其氨基氮生成率为40．5％。用此水解液生产蚝油，营养价值高，风味好，色泽亮。     

碱牲蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的研究

采用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,利用扫描电镜观察不同预热温度对大豆分离蛋白结构的影响.研究了温度、pH、底物浓度、酶与底物比和时间对水解度的影响.通过正交实验及验证实验确定了最佳水解条件为:预热温度90℃、pH8.5、温度55℃、底物浓度为5%、酶与底物比为15%、水解时间4h,水解度为25.12%,多肽得率78.85%.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the