碱处理微孔分子筛制备介-微复合分子筛应用研究进展

介孔-微孔复合结构分子筛表现的优良的协同作用和催化吸附性能得到了越来越多科研工作者们的广泛重视。重点综述了利用NaOH碱液处理不同微孔分子筛合成介孔-微孔复合分子筛材料的应用研究进展,分析比较了制备过程中不同因素对于介孔和微孔形成的影响。展望了这种利用碱液处理一元孔结构得到两元复合分子筛在催化和吸附方面的发展前景。     

复合分子筛的合成及其应用进展

微孔-介孔复合分子筛由于兼有微孔分子筛和介孔分子筛的优点,而且可在一定程度上弥补各自的缺点,已成为近年来倍受关注的催化新材料之一。文章综述了近年来微孔-介孔复合分子筛的合成方法和催化应用研究进展,重点介绍了单模板剂法、双模板剂法、微孔沸石硅源法、孔壁晶化法、附晶生长法等方法及其催化应用情况,并对微孔-介孔复合分子筛的应用前景进行了展望。     

具有二次介孔分子筛材料的制备和应用

综述了近年来分子筛二次介孔的制备方法和应用进展。以不同手段在现有分子筛的基础上制备二次介孔,是目前常用微孔-介孔复合孔结构分子筛材料的制备方法。制备方法可分为高温热处理、水蒸汽热处理、碱处理、酸处理、化学试剂处理和二次合成等。二次介孔的应用以工业催化领域为重点,详细介绍了在裂化反应、芳构化反应、异构化反应和烷基化反应中的应用。二次介孔的出现促进了反应物和产物的扩散和分子筛的容碳能力,促进了反应的进行,而保留的分子筛的微孔结构仍具有很好的择形性能。     

碱改性介-微孔HZSM-5分子筛催化乙醇脱水制乙烯性能

对两种不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛进行碱处理,制备介-微孔复合HZSM-5分子筛,研究乙醇脱水制乙烯的催化性能,并考察碱溶液浓度和处理温度对HZSM-5分子筛孔结构和表面酸性的影响。结果表明,适宜的碱处理条件有利于分子筛发生骨架脱硅和脱铝,从而形成介孔。碱处理对硅铝比低的HZSM-5分子筛酸性质影响明显,而硅铝比高的HZSM-5分子筛在碱处理过程中酸性质变化不明显,更易发生脱硅和脱铝而形成更多介孔。碱改性介-微孔HZSM-5分子筛催化剂使乙醇脱水制乙烯催化性能得到改善,尤其低温催化活性提高,这主要归功于碱处理中介孔的形成和表面酸性的调变。     

由沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有高催化活性中心和水热稳定的新型介孔分子筛材料

人们合成了一系列介孔分子筛材料,并发现它们在催化、吸附与分离以及化学组装制备先进材料和分子器件等方面具有很大的潜在应用价值.但是,介孔分子筛材料相对于微孔沸石分子筛存在着两个致命弱点:较低的水热稳定性和较不活泼的催化活性中心.这两个弱点大大地影响了介孔分子筛在催化反应中的广泛应用.本文系统地综述了最近几年利用沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有高催化活性中心和水热稳定的介孔分子筛材料的研究进展.这包括利用硅铝沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有强酸性和水热稳定的新型介孔硅铝分子筛材料,利用钛硅沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有高催化氧化活性中心和水热稳定的新型钛硅介孔分子筛材料,以及利用含有不同杂原子的沸石纳米粒子自组装制备一系列水热稳定的新型介孔分子筛催化材料.     

碱处理技术制备微-介孔分子筛的研究进展

碱处理是一种制备微-介孔分子筛的典型方法,具有成本低、快速和产率高等优点。综述微-介孔分子筛的发展由来,概述金属组分改性对微-介孔分子筛的影响,对表征技术进行深入探讨,以更好地解释微-介孔结构的形成机理,得出碱处理对分子筛的孔结构、酸性以及金属组分产生重要影响。采用碱处理制备的分子筛在各种反应中表现出良好的催化性能,具有广阔的应用前景。     

多级孔沸石分子筛的制备及其催化应用研究进展

多级孔沸石分子筛在保留了微孔沸石优异的催化活性与择形性的同时,能够从本质上大幅提升沸石分子筛的传质与扩散效率,改善催化剂因积炭问题失活较快的弊端。本文介绍了当前阶段多级孔沸石分子筛的研究现状,主要基于孔径大小的差异,重点综述了微孔-介孔、微孔-大孔以及微孔-介孔-大孔三类具有多级孔道结构的沸石分子筛在制备及催化应用方面的最新研究进展,综合分析了各种制备方法在性能、成本、可操作性及应用上的利弊关系,并且指出,设计并可控地制备出具有多级孔道结构且在三维空间高度贯通的多级孔沸石分子筛材料以最大限度地提高催化效率,将会是未来多级孔沸石分子筛领域的研究重点。     

沸石分子筛多级孔道的贯通性研究进展

多级孔分子筛因孔隙结构发达、优良的水热稳定性、孔体积和比表面积较高等优点,可有效缓解传统单级孔分子筛的大分子扩散受限问题,使分子筛的结构性能得到了极大的改善。综述了近年来国内外制备多级孔分子筛的研究进展,特别在多级孔分子筛制备工艺方面重点介绍了后处理法和原位合成法,其中后处理法包括脱铝法、脱硅法和脱铝脱硅联用法;原位合成法分为硬模板剂法和软模板剂法。从稳定性、操作性等方面讨论了各种制备方法的优势和存在的问题。基于孔径大小的差异,总结了三类具有多级孔道结构的沸石分子筛,即微孔-介孔、微孔-大孔和微孔-介孔-大孔沸石分子筛在制备工艺与催化剂应用等方面的研究现状,并展望了多级孔分子筛未来的发展方向。     

多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛制备方法研究进展

在微孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛中引入介孔结构制备多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛,可以很好的解决传统ZSM-5沸石分子筛在分子扩散方面受限和催化剂失活的问题。综述了几种多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的制备方法,着重介绍后处理法、硬模板法以及软模板法,分析了不同制备方法的优缺点,简单介绍了其他制备方法。阐明了探索更加经济、环保、易操作的多级孔沸石分子筛制备方法仍然是科研工作者们努力的方向。     

以柠檬酸为成孔剂制备微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛的研究

采用NaOH溶液对ZSM-5分子筛进行不同时间预处理,再以柠檬酸为成孔剂,在水热条件下合成了微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛,考察碱处理时间对分子筛内部孔道结构的影响。同时测试了分子筛在苯酚叔丁基化反应中的催化活性。结果表明,ZSM-5分子筛经1 mol/L的NaOH溶液处理1 h后加入柠檬酸搅拌2 h,于100℃条件下晶化24 h所形成的微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛具有良好的微孔和介孔复合结构。在苯酚叔丁基化反应中表现出良好的催化性能,在反应温度为145℃时,苯酚的转化率为85. 6%,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的选择性为60. 2%。     

Synthesis of Hierarchical TS-1 Zeolite from Silanized Seeds

Hierarchical TS-1 zeolites with a bimodal pore architecture, consisting of the typical MFI micropores and an additional mesoporosity, have been synthesized by grafting an organosilane compound to the zeolitic seeds previously prepared from two different raw materials: a liquid gel and an amorphous SiO₂–TiO₂ xerogel. These hierarchical TS-1 zeolites show an excellent catalytic behavior in olefin epoxidation reactions employing organic hydroperoxides as oxidants due to the presence of the secondary mesoporosity, which makes possible the access and interaction of bulky molecules with the Ti active sites.     

Mesoporous zeolite single crystal catalysts: Diffusion and catalysis in hierarchical zeolites

During the last years, several new routes to produce zeolites with controlled mesoporosity have appeared. Moreover, an improved catalytic performance of the resulting mesoporous zeolites over conventional zeolites has been demonstrated in several reactions. In most cases, the mesoporous zeolites exhibit higher catalytic activity, but in some cases also improved selectivity and longer catalyst lifetime has been reported. The beneficial effects of introducing mesopores into the zeolites has in most instances been attributed to improved mass transport to and from the active sites located in the zeolite micropores. Here, we briefly discuss the most important ways of introducing mesopores into zeolites and, for the first time, we show experimentally that the presence of mesopores dramatically increases the rate of diffusion in zeolite catalysts. This is done by studying the elution of iso-butane from packed beds of conventional and mesoporous zeolite catalysts. Moreover, we discuss in detail the recent observation of improved activity and selectivity in the alkylation of benzene with ethene using mesoporous zeolite single crystal catalysts. For this reaction, we show by calculation of the Thiele modulus that this improved performance can be mainly attributed to a diffusional limitation of ethylbenzene in the zeolite pores. This is verified in new ethylbenzene dealkylation experiments where mesoporous zeolite catalysts show significantly improved activity over conventional zeolite catalysts.     

Effect of mesoporosity against the deactivation of MFI zeolite catalyst during the methanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion process

The effects of mesoporosity on catalyst longevity of methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) reactions have been investigated using a number of MFI zeolites with different degrees of mesoporosity, which were obtained via the post-synthetic desilication, dry-gel conversion in nanocarbon templates, and hydrothermal synthesis with the addition of organosilane surfactants. The MTH catalytic lifetime could be increased by more than three times due to the generation of mesopores. The cause for catalyst longevity was investigated by probing the location of coke that formed during the reaction using argon adsorption measurements. The result showed that the coke formed mainly on mesopore walls in the case of mesoporous zeolite. On the other hand, the coke was more heavily deposited inside micropores in the case of solely microporous zeolites. The short diffusion path lengths and hence facile diffusion of coke precursors were most likely the cause of the improvement in the catalytic lifetime.     

Multifunctional heteroatom zeolites: construction and applications

Multifunctional heteroatom zeolites have drawn broad attentions due to the possible synergistic effects in the catalytic reactions. Remarkable achievements have been made on the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of multifunctional heteroatom zeolite, while a review on this important topic is still missing. Herein, current research status of multifunctional heteroatom zeolites is briefly summarized, aiming to boost further researches. First, the synthesis strategies toward heteroatom zeolites are introduced, including the direct synthesis and postsynthesis routes; then, the spectroscopic techniques to identify the existing states of heteroatom sites and the corresponding physiochemical properties are shown and compared; finally, the catalytic applications of multifunctional heteroatom zeolites in various chemical reactions, especially in one-step tandem reactions, are discussed.     

Alkali-treatment of ZSM-5 zeolites with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and light olefin production by heavy oil cracking

Four kinds of ZSM-5 zeolites with different SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios are alkali-treated in 0.2 M NaOH solution for 300 min at 363 K. Changes to the compositions, morphologies, pore sizes, and distributions of the zeolites are compared before and after alkali-treatment. The changes observed are largely influenced by the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios with which the zeolites are synthesized. A possible mechanism of desilication during alkali-treatment is proposed. The SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of zeolites is found to influence the yield of light olefins that use heavy oil as feedstock. Alkali-treated ZSM-5 zeolites produce higher yields of light olefins compared to either untreated zeolites or the industry catalyst CEP-1. It is believed that alkali-treatment introduces mesopores to the zeolites and improves their catalytic cracking ability. ZSM-5 zeolites with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 50 also present superior selectivity toward light olefins because of their optimized hierarchical pores.     

Beta分子筛改性对催化苯和乙烯烷基化反应的影响

苯和乙烯烷基化反应是重要的乙苯生产途径,Beta分子筛是该过程的重要催化剂。苯和乙烯烷基化反应是一个酸中心催化过程,因此Beta分子筛的表面酸性与催化反应性能之间有密切联系。对工业Beta分子筛进行浸Mg、高温水蒸汽处理和高温焙烧等改性处理,考察改性方法对Beta分子筛酸性及催化苯和乙烯烷基化性能的影响,结果表明,浸Mg改性能增加分子筛总酸量,但酸强度降低,导致催化活性降低,苯和乙烯烷基化反应主要发生在分子筛强酸中心;高温水蒸汽处理后,分子筛酸强度分布基本不变,但总酸量降低,导致乙烯转化率降低;高温焙烧处理导致分子筛结晶度下降,催化活性下降。     

不同方法合成β沸石的FCC反应性能

报道了不同方法合成β沸石的FCC反应性能,并考察了β沸石的硅铝比对FCC反应产品分布的影响。结果表明：β沸石应用于FCC,与高硅ZSM-5相比,具有提高汽油产率及辛烷值的功能;另外β沸石较高硅ZSM-5表现出更强的异构化功能,具有提高异丁烷和轻汽油异构烯烃（或叔碳烯烃）产率的作用,可丰富烷基化技术和醚化技术的原料来源。     

不同沸石催化剂上苯与1-十二烯烷基化

利用NH3 TPD测定了 4种沸石分子筛的酸性 ,并考察了 4种分子筛在苯与 1-十二烯烷基化反应中的催化性能 ,揭示了沸石分子筛的酸性、孔结构对其催化活性和产物选择性的作用规律 ,发现沸石分子筛经水热处理和酸处理 ,调变了孔结构和酸性 ,进而提高其催化活性