高分散Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其裂解汽油一段加氢性能

通过调整载体酸性、在活性组分负载过程中添加助剂、络合剂等方法制备Ni/Al2O3催化剂。采用XRD、TPR等技术表征了催化剂活性组分的分散度和还原度,并进行了催化剂性能的评价。结果表明通过调整载体酸性、添加助剂、络合剂的方式可以实现对催化剂中活性组分分散度的调变,提高催化剂加氢活性、稳定性及选择性能。     

关于添加剂在加氢精制催化剂中作用的研究进展

主要论述了添加剂在加氢精制催化剂中的作用。添加剂主要分为两种:助剂和分散剂。重点从作用机理,作用效果阐述了第二助剂磷和络合剂柠檬酸,以及分散剂聚乙二醇对加氢精制催化剂的影响。添加剂的主要作用可总结为:提高金属的分散度,增加催化剂的活性位点,提高孔容孔径及比表面积,同时可显著提高催化剂的加氢脱硫活性。最后提出添加剂在非负载型催化剂中的作用机理还需要进一步深入研究。     

磷对Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂的影响研究进展

Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3催化剂是工业中最常用的加氢处理催化剂.磷作为Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂中较为常用的添加剂,用于改善催化剂的物理化学性质.本文从磷对Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢催化剂孔结构、酸性、活性组分分散度等理化性能以及磷对加氢脱硫(HDS)和加氢脱氮(HDN)催化性能两个方面的影响对文献研究结果进行了综述,对磷添加剂的研究结果、存在的分歧以及研究机会进行了分析讨论.     

活性组分配比对加氢裂化催化剂性能的影响

选取W为活性组分,Ni为助剂,采用浸渍法制备一系列不同活性组分配比的催化剂,采用XRD、Py-IR、TPR和XPS等手段研究氧化态和硫化态金属组分的物态,考察活性组分配比对金属组分的硫化度和分散的影响.结果表明,氧化态WNi型催化剂中金属组分以多种形式共存,这些物相的浓度决定于Ni与(W+Ni)原子比;随着Ni与(W+...     

柠檬酸引入方式对CoMo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用改进溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO_2-Al_2O_3作复合载体,制备不同柠檬酸引入方式改性的CoMo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3加氢脱硫催化剂。利用低温N_2吸附-脱附、XRD、SEM和H_2-TPR等对催化剂进行表征,并采用固定床反应器对催化剂加氢脱硫性能进行评价。结果表明,后处理法制备的催化剂比表面积相对较大,孔道结构较好,活性金属组分以无定形形态均匀分散在载体表面,一定程度上减弱了其与载体间的相互作用;该催化剂可以延缓Co硫化,并且络合生成较多易于硫化还原的Mo物种,利于MoS_2在催化剂表面的堆叠,生成更多的Co-Mo-S(Ⅱ)活性相,因而相应的CoMo催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫转化率显著提高。     

焦炉煤气加氢脱硫催化剂器外预硫化

探讨了焦炉煤气加氢脱硫催化剂器外预硫化的方法,研究了硫化剂加入量以及预硫化浸渍温度、浸渍时间、浸渍压力等硫化条件对催化剂活性的影响,同时对预硫化催化剂的稳定性能进行考察。结果表明,以单质硫和有机多硫化物的混合物溶于馏分油中制成的混合硫化物作为硫化剂,在温度140℃和压力1. 0 MPa的条件下,将焦炉煤气加氢脱硫催化剂浸渍2 h所制备的器外预硫化型催化剂活性优于传统的器内预硫化的催化剂,且催化剂性能稳定。     

磷对MoNi/γ-Al2O3加氢处理催化剂性能的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了不同磷含量的MoNiP/γ- Al2O3加氢预处理催化剂.采用TPR、HRTEM和XPS技术对催化剂进行表征,以噻吩和喹啉为模型化合物,考察催化剂的加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮活性.结果表明,磷与活性组分相互作用形成新Mo - Ni -O-P相,增加了低温还原峰面积,使还原峰峰顶温度升高.磷的引入提高了活性金属组分的硫化度,使催化剂的MoS2片晶层数更多,片层长度更长,有助于噻吩和喹啉克服空间位阻吸附在活性中心位上;但过量磷会使MoS2发生团聚,降低活性中心位数目,不利于提高催化剂活性.添加适量磷对催化剂表面和活性相进行有限度的改变,使催化剂具有最佳的脱硫和脱氮活性.     

加氢催化剂预硫化技术研究进展

加氢催化剂的活性组分大多是由Mo、Co、Ni、W等金属元素组成,并且催化加氢过程在石油炼制工业具有广泛的应用。为了获取高性能的加氢催化剂,对于加氢催化剂的预硫化研究一直是石油工业的研究热点之一。本文从加氢催化剂硫化后的活性相的结构及其催化活性两个方面阐述了加氢催化剂预硫化的研究进展,并对其进一步的研究方向进行了分析。     

加氢催化剂预硫化技术探讨

1前言加氢催化剂大多采用Mo、Co、Ni、W等金属元素作组分，并以氧化态分散在多孔的载体上。大量的研究试验结果表明，这种形态的催化剂加氢活性低，活性稳定性差。若将催化剂经过预硫化处理，即在硫化剂和氢气存在下使氧化态金属转化为硫化态金属，则硫化态催化剂的活性和稳定性均高于氧化态催化剂。催化剂预硫化技术是加氢催化剂开发应用的关键步骤之一。当今，随着催化剂制备技术的发展，促进了国内外对加氢催化剂预硫化技术的基础研究和应用研究。最佳的预硫化技术能够使加氢催化剂保持最佳的加氢活性和活性稳定性，提高催化剂的选择性…     

助剂对Ni/SiO2催化剂1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能的影响

通过分步浸渍法在Ni/SiO 2催化剂中分别引入Zn、Cu、La、Mo、Co金属助剂,结合N 2物理吸附-脱附、XRD、H 2-TPR和NH 3-TPD等表征手段研究金属助剂对1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能的影响。结果发现,Mo的引入使Ni/SiO 2催化剂的初始活性大幅增加,但反应2 h后活性下降,归因于催化剂表面酸中心使催化剂积炭失活;引入Cu、La及Co后的催化剂活性较低,推测是由于催化剂表面产生强吸附氢物种,不利于1,4-丁炔二醇加氢反应进行;与其他样品相比,Zn的引入使催化剂保持了Ni/SiO 2催化剂高的1,4-丁炔二醇加氢活性,同时可有效降低产物中2-羟基四氢呋喃副产物含量,提高目标产物1,4-丁二醇收率。     

On the formation of cobalt–molybdenum sulfides in silica‐supported hydrotreating model catalysts

Model catalysts, consisting of a conducting substrate with a thin SiO₂ layer on top of which the active catalytic phase is deposited by spincoating impregnation, were applied to study the formation of the active CoMoS phase in HDS catalysts. The catalysts thus prepared showed representative activity in the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, confirming that these models of HDS catalysts are realistic. Combination of the sulfidation behaviour of Co and Mo studied by XPS and activity measurements shows that the key in the formation of the CoMoS phase is the retardation of the sulfidation of Co. Complexing Co to nitrilotriacetic acid complexes retarded the Co sulfidation, resulting in the most active catalyst. Due to the retardation of Co in these catalysts, the sulfidation of Mo precedes that of Co, thereby creating the ideal conditions for CoMoS formation. In the CoMo catalyst without NTA the sulfidation of Co is also retarded due to a Co–Mo interaction. However, the sulfidation of Mo still lags behind that of Co, resulting in less active phase and a lower activity in thiophene HDS. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Activity and sulfidation behavior of the CoMo/Al2O3 hydrotreating catalyst: The effect of drying conditions

The influence of drying condition of the CoMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared using citric acid as a chelating agent on the sulfidation behavior and on the catalytic activity to hydrodesulfurization of straight-run gas oil (SRGO) was investigated. The catalysts dried at 110, 220, 300 and 400 °C were studied using Raman, IRS and DTG techniques. The sulfidation behavior with straight-run gas oil spiked with dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) was investigated using gas chromatography (GC) with a thermal conductivity detector and GC with an atomic-emission detector for analysis of gas and the liquid phases, respectively. It was shown that the sulfidation behavior of the catalysts prepared using the chelating agents depends on the drying condition: the lower drying temperature, the later DMDS conversion and oxide precursor sulfidation starts. A higher activity in SRGO desulfurization was obtained with catalysts dried at 110 and 220 °C. This phenomenon was accounted for by the stabilization effect of chelating agent that retards precursor sulfiding but provides favorably the formation of active CoMoS phase and achieving the highest activity.     

一氧化碳耐硫变换催化剂技术进展

工艺关键是使用耐硫变换催化剂 ,使气化后的含硫工艺气不经脱硫而直接进行变换。国外BASF、UCI及Topse公司在研究并已出售Co -Mo系耐硫变换催化剂。耐硫变换催化剂发展趋势是 :添加新型助剂 ,提高催化剂的耐低硫 ,耐毒及抗氧能力 ,改进催化剂制备方法 ,降低催化剂生产成本。介绍了Mo、K2 CO3 及TiO2 在催化剂中的作用     

基于镁铝水滑石的Mo/Al2O3-MgO催化剂制备及其加氢脱硫性能

生产低硫或无硫柴油是当今世界范围内清洁燃料发展的趋势,加氢脱硫（HDS）是大规模生产清洁柴油最为有效的技术之一,而研制高活性的HDS催化剂成为该技术的关键。以镁铝水滑石与氧化铝的复合氧化物为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Mo/Al₂O₃-MgO催化剂,以二苯并噻吩（DBT）的正庚烷溶液为原料,在固定床反应器上评价所得催化剂的HDS活性,考察了不同镁铝比的水滑石、焙烧温度和添加量对催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,镁铝比、焙烧温度和添加量均影响催化剂的酸性、金属还原性、硫化性能和MoS₂片晶的堆垛度等,当镁铝摩尔比为3、焙烧温度为800℃、成型时水滑石加入量为10%（质量分数）时,所制备催化剂的HDS活性最高,其脱硫率可达96.2%。这是由于该催化剂的酸性较适宜,活性组分与载体间的相互作用力适中,活性组分更易硫化,有助于提高MoS₂片晶的堆垛度进而改善催化剂的HDS性能。     

Highly Active HDS Catalyst for Producing Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Fuels

Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd. developed a highly active CoMo HDS catalyst, C-606A, for the production of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels. This patented preparation method involves impregnation of the support with a solution containing CoCO₃, MoO₃, citric acid, and phosphoric acid, and air-drying without calcination, to provide the high activity HDS catalyst. XPS studies suggested that the addition of citric acid to the impregnation solution during catalyst preparation prevents the sulfidation of Co at low temperature and the uncalcining procedure during catalyst preparation promotes the sulfidation of Mo at low temperature, thereby increasing the formation of the Co–Mo–S structure. The results of the catalytic characterization and the reactivities of the sulfur species and nitrogen species in diesel fuel during the hydrotreating process on C-606A clearly indicate that significant improvements of catalytic activity of the developed catalyst can be achieved by improving the intrinsic activity of the active sites, as well as by increasing the number of Co–Mo–S structure. The commercial operation directly demonstrates the excellent activity and stability of C-606A under industrial operating conditions.     

Highly active hydrotreatment catalysts prepared with chelating agents

Hydrotreatment catalysts (Co–Mo/Al₂O₃, Ni–Mo/Al₂O₃ and Ni–W/Al₂O₃) were prepared by an impregnation method using an aqueous solution containing a chelating agent (nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CyDTA)). Co–Mo/Al₂O₃ and Ni–W/Al₂O₃ prepared with the chelating agents showed higher hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity as well as hydrogenation (HYD) activity under high pressure (5.1 MPa) than those prepared without the chelating agents. Co–Mo/Al₂O₃ prepared with CyDTA showed ca. 70% higher HDS activity for benzothiophene (BT) than that prepared without it. HYD activity of Ni–W/Al₂O₃ for o-xylene was promoted about 65% by the addition of CyDTA. FT-IR of nitric oxide (NO) adsorbed on the sulfided Co–Mo/Al₂O₃'s suggested that Co was highly dispersed over the catalyst surface when the catalysts were prepared with the chelating agents.     

钼/活性炭渣油加氢催化剂的制备

渣油加氢工艺是一种渣油深度加工技术,高性能渣油加氢催化剂的研发是其核心。本文以钼酸铵为活性组分前体,采用等体积法制备了钼/活性炭催化剂（Mo/AC）,考察了制备条件如金属负载量、焙烧温度、溶液pH值等对催化剂的影响,利用XRD、SEM、XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征。在浸渍时间4h,焙烧温度440 ℃条件下制备出负载量8%（以MoO3 计）的Mo/AC 催化剂,活性组分钼呈高度分散的单层分布,催化剂活性评价结果表明,渣油转化率可达79%,馏分油收率为75%,同时,生焦率控制在1.5%的较低水平上。     

Zr改性对NiW/Al2O3催化剂加氢性能的影响

引言随着原油重质化趋势的不断加剧和环保法规对轻质油品质量要求的不断提高,劣质重油轻质化及清洁化生产成为石油加工技术发展的主要方向。溶剂脱沥青是重油脱碳改质工艺之一,得到的脱沥青油一般作为催化裂化的掺炼原料,脱沥青油中较高的硫氮含量及稠环芳烃含量容易造成催化裂化催化     

磷添加方式对NiMo/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了不同磷添加方式改性的NiMo/Al₂O₃催化剂,在固定床微反装置上考察了该系列催化剂对焦炉煤气中噻吩加氢脱硫（HDS）性能的影响,采用BET、X射线衍射（XRD）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、NH₃程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、C₄H₄S(H₂)程序升温脱附[C₄H₄S(H₂)-TPD]、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、高清透射电镜（HRTEM）和拉曼（Raman）等分析手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,不同磷添加方式制备NiMo/Al₂O₃催化剂的HDS性能存在较大差异。其中,催化剂PNi-Mo/Al和PMo-Ni/Al表面弱吸附解离活性位增强,对焦炉煤气中噻吩有较好的低温加氢脱硫活性,以含292.5mg/m³噻吩的模拟焦炉煤气为原料时,PNi-Mo/Al在250℃下对噻吩的脱硫率达61%。对于PNi-Mo/Al和PMo-Ni/Al催化剂,先浸渍P、Ni或者P、Mo时,P优先和载体Al₂O₃作用,减弱了活性金属组分Ni、Mo与载体间的相互作用,而又防止Ni或者Mo与载体间相互作用过低而聚集,提高了Ni、Mo在载体表面的均匀分散,生成能够促进硫化形成Ⅱ型活性相Ni-Mo-S的NiMoO₄物种。NiMoO₄和MoO₃之间的协同作用提高了催化剂的硫化度,使HDS活性得以提高。     

Support effects in the hydrotreatment of model molecules

The support effect on the activity of hydrotreating catalysts using model molecules was analyzed for catalysts supported on TiO₂, SiO₂ and MgO. The results reported in the literature indicate that adequate design of the characteristics of the catalytic support is of great importance in the development of better hydrotreating catalysts. It was shown that by means of an adequate support design it is possible to increase significantly the HDS, HYD and HDN functionalities of hydrotreating catalysts. Semiconducting supports like TiO₂ can improve the HDS and HYD activities by exerting electronic effects on the active phase, helping in this way the formation of sulfur vacancies. Alumina supports modified by SiO₂ can facilitate the sulfidation of the active species, leading to better-promoted type II active sites with increased HDS and HYD catalyst functionalities. The nature of the support affects the sulfidation and dispersion of the catalysts even when chelating agents are used during catalyst preparation.