PP/EVA/COPET共混物流变性能的研究

采用CFT-500型毛细管流变仪研究了聚丙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯/碱溶性聚酯(PP/EVA/COPET)共混物的流变性能。结果表明:PP/EVA/COPET共混物出现剪切变稀现象,非牛顿指数小于1,熔体为假塑性流体;熔体表观粘度随EVA含量的增加呈现先减小后增大趋势,并随温度的上升而下降;EVA质量分数为15%的共混物的表观粘度最低,粘流活化能最小。     

不同小分子改性剂对EVA增韧PLA性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)(质量比为85/15)和油酸、三油酸甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)不同改性剂的系列共混物。研究了不同改性剂对PLA/EVA共混物热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在共混物中添加3种小分子改性剂均能使PLA的结晶度明显提高,玻璃化转变温度下降,共混物的加工流动性能得到显著改善。GMA有利于共混物中分散相EVA粒径的细化。GMA和油酸起到了增塑剂的作用。当GMA和油酸质量分数都为10%时,共混物的断裂伸长率由35%分别提高到215%和189%。     

电子束辐照交联PVC/EVA共混物的研究

以丙烯酸酯类多官能团不饱和单体为交联敏化剂，采用电子束对聚氯乙烯(PVC)与乙烯—酸酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的共混物进行辐照交联。研究了VA质量分数、交联敏化剂种类及用量、辐照剂量、EVA用量对共混物凝胶质量分数、力学性能以及热延伸性能的影响。结果表明：EVA共聚物能促进PVC的辐照交联，增加共混体系的凝胶质量分数，改善其力学及热延伸性能；EVA共聚物中VA质量分数增大，共混体系的凝胶质量分数增大，力学及热延伸性能改善更明显。     

PLA增强改性PBS共混物制备及性能

采用熔融共混法制备聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物,研究PLA含量对共混物的熔体流动速率(MFR)、拉伸性能、微观形貌以及结晶结构的影响。结果表明,由于PLA熔体的较高黏度,导致PBS/PLA共混物的MFR随着PLA含量增大而显著降低。适量PLA的加入可实现其对PBS的增强增韧,当PLA质量分数为30%时,共混物的拉伸屈服强度、拉伸弹性模量以及断裂伸长率分别由纯PBS的32.0,473.1 MPa和282.5%增大至34.4,610.8 MPa和455.2%,拉伸性能最优。而当PLA质量分数增大至40%时,共混物中出现严重的PLA相合并,导致其断裂伸长率剧烈降低至11.3%。此外,结晶测试结果表明,共混物中PBS基体为半结晶结构,而PLA分散相为非晶态结构,PLA的加入会导致PBS结晶度降低。     

POM／COPA二元及POM／COPA／EVA三元共混物的研究

研究了聚甲醛供聚酰胺（POM/COPA）二元及聚甲醛／共聚酰胺／乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（POM／COPA／EVA）三元共混物，探讨了COPA、EVA用量对共混体系性能的影响。结果表明，C1DPA的加入使共混物的熔融温度（Tm）增大；当COPA含量为4％（质量分数，下同）时，00PA能够较均匀地分散于POM基体中，共混物缺口冲击强度出现最大值，比纯聚甲醛提高了约63．3％，而拉伸强度变化不大，POM／COPA共混物具有较理想的综合力学性能。EVA的加入使共混物缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度均呈下降趋势。     

HDPE/PC/EVA共混体系的性能研究

研究了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)增容高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)共混体系，讨论了EVA，PC对HDPE／PC共混合金性能的影响。结果表明：随PC用量的增加，HDPE／PC共混合金的熔体流动速率减小，缺口冲击强度增大，拉伸强度增大，维卡软化点变化不大。EVA能够改善合金体系的加工流动性，却明显降低了合金体系的力学性能。     

EVA/TPU共混物热氧老化性能研究

研究4种不同组合的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）／热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）共混物热氧老化前后物理性能的变化规律。结果表明，EVA／TPU共混物老化后总体趋势是邵尔A型硬度、100％定伸应力和拉伸强度增大，拉断伸长率减小；在EVA／聚醚型TPU（T8）并用比为50／50时，共混物老化后出现气泡，老化规律异常。乙酸乙烯酯质量分数为0．4的EVA（E4）／T8共混物在E4／T8并用比为75／25时，老化前后平均的物理性能变化率较小，为较佳组合。     

EVA的熔体皂化及其与PP动态硫化共混物的研究

为研究乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的熔体皂化并拓展其应用,直接将氢氧化钠和EVA熔体共混进行皂化反应制备皂化EVA,并以马来酸酐为交联剂,采用动态硫化技术将其同聚丙烯(PP)共混制备PP/EVA共混物。结果表明:熔体皂化可在EVA的侧链上生成游离的羟基;通过改变混炼时间、混炼温度和碱用量可实现EVA的可控熔体皂化。以皂化EVA为原料制备的PP/EVA共混物拉伸、冲击性能均高于PP/未经皂化处理的EVA共混物。当EVA的皂化度为49.5%时,PP/EVA共混物具有最佳的力学性能和熔体流动性。经EVA熔体皂化、动态硫化技术制备的PP/EVA共混物中EVA具有更好的分散效果。     

挤出机螺杆转速对马来酸酐官能化EVA性能的影响及其增韧研究

采用添加引发剂过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）和提高熔融挤出过程中双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的机械力引发方法研究了马来酸酐（MAH）官能化乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）的熔融挤出反应.研究了引发剂用量和螺杆转速对产物的接枝率和熔体流动速率的影响.结果表明,随着DCP用量的增加,产物接枝率出现峰值,而随着螺杆转速的增加,产物接枝率出现先下降后增大的变化,接枝产物的熔体质量流动速率（MFR）在螺杆转速达到300r/min时出现显著增大,在一定的配方条件下,通过改变螺杆转速,可以抑制EVA在接枝过程中的交联副反应,控制制得具有较高接枝率（0.29%～0.8%）和较好熔体质量流动速率（0.7～1.2g/10 min）的接枝产物（EVA-g-MAH）.力学性能测试表明,此复合引发接枝产物对尼龙66具有较好的增韧效果.     

邻苯二甲酸二辛酯对PLA／EVA共混物性能的影响

研究了增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）对聚乳酸／乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯弹性体（PLA／EVA）共混物力学、热学和结晶性能的影响。结果表明：PLA／DOP（100／20）共混物的缺口冲击强度、无缺口冲击强度及断裂伸长率比纯PLA分别提高了183％、197％和667％，共混物中PLA的玻璃化转变温度和熔融温度分别降低21．0℃和18．3℃，结晶度提高42％；PLA／EVA／DOP（80／20／8）的缺口冲击强度、无缺口冲击强度及断裂伸长率比PLA／EVA（80／20）分别提高了47％、57％和148％，共混物中PLA的玻璃化转变温度和熔融温度分别降低90℃和11.5℃，结晶度提高11％；DOP的加入会使EVA粒子在PLA中的分散度和均一性更佳。     

EVA弹性体对PHBV的增韧改性研究

采用熔融共混法,通过在聚（3⁃羟基丁酸酯⁃co⁃3⁃羟基戊酸酯） PHBV中添加不同比例含量的乙烯⁃乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）弹性体,制备了一系列PHBV/EVA复合材料,并通过傅里叶红外光谱仪、转矩流变仪、差示扫描量热仪、热失重分析仪、力学性能测试、热台偏光显微镜等设备,对PHBV/EVA复合材料的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,PHBV与EVA之间的氢键作用、链缠结作用以及相似的主链结构使得二者之间的相容性和分散性较好;随着EVA含量的逐渐升高,PHBV/EVA复合材料的结晶度表现出先升高后降低的趋势;EVA添加量小于10 %（质量分数,下同）时,随着EVA含量的增加,PHBV的球晶数量逐渐增加,球晶尺寸逐渐变小;EVA的添加量为30 %时,PHBV/EVA复合材料的断裂伸长率和冲击强度增长幅度最大,与纯PHBV相比,分别增长了87.8 %和338.4 %。     

Use of crosslinking agent to produce high-performance PLA/EVA blends via reactive processing

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most currently investigated polymers due to its production from renewable sources and biodegradability. Being a brittle polymer, PLA has low toughness, limiting its use for commercial applications. Therefore, the present work aims to produce PLA blends, using the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), dynamically vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent. A 70/30 mixture of PLA/EVA was produced with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 phr DCP. The produced blends were characterized by torque rheometry, melt flow index (MFI), gel content, thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tensile properties, impact strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT), and blends morphologies (SEM) were also studied. The presence of increased dynamically vulcanized systems with added DCP was verified through torque rheometry, MFI, and gel content. Substantial increases in the impact strength and elongation at break were observed in PLA/EVA/DCP, providing super-tough materials at 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 phr of DCP, with impact strengths of 829.5, 860.3, and 890.2 J/m and elongation at break of 138.5, 146.8, and 120.4%, respectively. These results are promising when compared with engineering polymers and blends. This is probably due to in situ compatibilizer PLA-g-EVA, which resulted in a homogeneous morphology as evidenced by SEM images.     

OMMT对PHBV/EVA共混物的改性研究

以有机改性蒙脱土（OMMT）为改性剂,采用熔融共混法制备了聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯）/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯/有机改性蒙脱土（PHBV/EVA/OMMT）共混物和样条,并通过旋转流变仪、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、万能试验机、热失重分析仪（TG）、偏光显微镜（PLM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等对其流变性能、结晶性能、力学性能、热性能及微观形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,随着OMMT含量的增加,PHBV/EVA/OMMT共混物的损耗模量和复数黏度增大;在PHBV/EVA/OMMT共混物中,OMMT产生了插层结构;OMMT的加入破坏了PHBV/EVA共混物的结晶,使其结晶度降低;当OMMT含量为7份（质量份,下同）时,PHBV/EVA/OMMT的结晶度最低,为43.4 %;随着OMMT含量的增加,PHBV/EVA/OMMT样条的断裂伸长率和冲击强度先升高后降低,当OMMT含量为3份时,其断裂伸长率较PHBV/EVA提升了38.3 %,冲击强度提升了52.5 %;加入OMMT后,PHBV/EVA样条的冲击断面变得更加粗糙。     

EVA增容HDPE/PLA共混体系的研究

以乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为增容剂,采用熔融共混法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/聚乳酸(PLA)/EVA复合材料,研究了EVA用量对复合材料力学性能及热性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜分析了复合材料的微观形态。结果表明:随着EVA用量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率及冲击强度逐渐增加;另外SEM结果显示,EVA可以改善HDPE与PLA的相容性,但EVA的加入对复合材料热性能影响较小。     

Melt rheology of HDPE/EVA blends: The effects of blend ratio,compatibilization, and dynamic vulcanization

The melt rheological behavior of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blends has been examined with reference to the effect of blend ratio, shear stress, and temperature. The HDPE/EVA blends exhibit pseudoplastic behavior, and the observed rheological behavior of the blends was correlated with the extrudate morphology. The experimental values of the viscosity were compared with the theoretical models. The effect of maleic‐ and phenolic‐modified PE compatibilizers on the viscosity of H₇₀ blend was analyzed and found that compatibilization did not significantly increase the viscosity. The effect of dynamic vulcanization and temperature on the viscosity was also analyzed. The activation energy of the system decreased with increase in EVA content in the system. The phase continuity and phase inversion points of the blends were theoretically predicted and compared with the experimental values. The melt flow index (MFI) values of the blends were also determined and found that the MFI values decreased with increase in EVA content in the system. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚乳酸/芦苇纤维复合材料降解性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了不同比例的聚乳酸/芦苇纤维（PLA/RF）共混物,并通过吹塑制备了相对应的薄膜。研究了在蛋白酶K的作用下不同RF含量的PLA/RF薄膜的生物降解性能,同时用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测定了样品降解过程中的结晶行为以及表面形貌变化。结果表明,RF对PLA的酶解降解有促进作用,随着RF含量的增加PLA/RF复合材料的酶解速率提升,其中含有30 %（质量分数,下同）芦苇纤维的PLA/RF薄膜的降解速率最大,16天内可降解81.11 %。研究还表明,加入芦苇纤维可以降低PLA的结晶度,从而影响降解速度。     

Melt rheology and morphology of LLDPE/EVA blends: Effect of blend ratio,compatibilization, and dynamic crosslinking

The melt rheological properties of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blends were investigated with special reference to the effect of blend ratio, temperature, shear rate, compatibilization, and dynamic vulcanization. The melt viscosity of the blends determined with a capillary rheometer is found to decrease with an increase of shear rate, which is an indication of pseudoplastic behavior. The viscosity of the blend was found to be a nonadditive function of the viscosities of the component polymers. A negative deviation was observed because of the interlayer slip between the polar EVA and the nonpolar LLDPE phases. The melt viscosity of these blends decreases with the increased concentration of EVA. The morphology of the extrudate of the blends at different shear rates and blend ratios was studied and the size and distribution of the domains were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The morphology was found to depend on shear rate and blend ratio. Compatibilization of the blends with phenolic‐ and maleic‐modified LLDPE increased the melt viscosity at lower wt % of compatibilizer and then leveled off. Dynamic vulcanization is found to increase the melt viscosity at a lower concentration of DCP. The effect of temperature on melt viscosity of the blends was also studied. Finally, attempts were made to correlate the experimental data on melt viscosity and cocontinuity region with different theoretical models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3210–3225, 2002     

Tailoring the morphology and properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene)‐co‐(vinyl acetate)/starch blends via reactive compatibilization

Poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/starch (PLA/EVA/starch) ternary blends were prepared by multi‐step melt processing (reactive extrusion) in the presence of maleic anhydride (MA), benzoyl peroxide and glycerol. The effects of MA and glycerol concentration on the morphology and properties of the PLA/EVA/starch blends were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, the Molau experiment, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry etc. The plasticization and compatibilization provided a synergistic effect to these blends accompanied by a significant reduction in starch particle size and an increase in interfacial adhesion. Starch was finely dispersed in the ternary blends with a dimension of 0.5 ? 2 µm. Furthermore, EVA‐coated starch or a starch‐in‐EVA type of morphology was observed for the reactively compatibilized PLA/EVA/starch blends. The EVA with starch gradually changed into a co‐continuous phase with increasing MA concentration. Consequently, the toughness of the blends was improved. Since property stability of starch is an issue, the tensile properties of these blends were measured after different storage times and the blends showed good property stability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

LDPE／EVA共混物挤出工艺与拉伸性能研究

研究了5种EVA添加量、VA含量和MFR对挤出LDPE/EVA共混物的挤出机各段温度、挤出机螺杆扭矩及拉伸性能的影响。     

Study on properties and stress relaxation behavior of oil-extended SBS/LLDPE/EVA blends

In order to explore and develop a new sealing material, the oil-extended styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)/Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) blends were prepared by melt mixing method and the effects of components on mechanical, rheological properties, and microstructure of the blends were investigated. The results showed that the resilience of the blends was barely changed during three-time cyclic compression. The increase of oil-extended SBS content would reduce the hardness of the blends as well as its compatibility and increase the melt flow rate. An increase in the LLDPE content, however, has the opposite effect on the blends. In contrast, EVA has little effect on the mechanical and rheological properties of the blends, but its addition could improve the transparency of samples effectively while promote the phase separation of the sample and complicate its microstructure. The master curve of stress relaxation modulus obtained by time–temperature superposition principle could be used to predict the long-term (1.5 × 10⁸ s, about 4.7 years) stress relaxation behavior of the blends at room temperature while the correlation coefficient of the shift factor fitting is 0.987. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48930.