基于背景加权的尺度方向自适应均值漂移算法

针对经典的均值漂移算法在跟踪过程中由背景相似度、尺寸变化以及遮挡等引起的跟踪漂移问题,提出了一种基于背景加权的尺度方向自适应均值漂移跟踪算法。结合背景加权来提取目标颜色特征,充分利用了视频图像序列的空间信息,突出了目标区域的信息特征,抑制了由背景相似度和背景模糊引起的跟踪漂移现象。采用尺寸方向自适应的协方差矩阵估计方法,以适应运动目标尺寸方向的实时变化,保证了跟踪的准确性。经实验验证提出的运动目标跟踪算法较之其他经典均值漂移算法在精度和效率上都有显著提高。     

基于肤色和Gabor纹理的粒子滤波人脸跟踪

基于单一颜色信息的跟踪方法容易受到相似颜色的干扰,应用于复杂场景时存在局限性。为此,提出一种在粒子滤波框架中结合肤色和Gabor纹理信息的人脸跟踪方法。从视频序列中提取目标人脸区域的肤色直方图以及Gabor纹理特征向量,通过这两种观测特征计算粒子集权重,估计系统状态。采用民主融合策略自适应调整观测特征的融合权重,从而增强目标描述的可靠性。同时利用彩色视频中可进行肤色检测和Gabor滤波器组在多尺度、多方向上提取纹理的优势,以及粒子滤波器能够适应非高斯、非线性系统的特点,提高视频人脸区域的跟踪精度。实验结果表明,该方法对于类肤色区域、复杂纹理背景、目标遮挡和快速移动等干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于双模型融合的自适应目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪过程中的光照变化、背景混乱和目标形变等问题,提出一种背景抑制的HS直方图和核相关滤波双模型融合的自适应跟踪算法。首先引入非线性核相关滤波跟踪模型;其次提出背景抑制的HS颜色直方图跟踪模型,通过分离亮度分量以减小光照干扰,并采用背景加权突出目标信息;然后提出一种自适应融合策略,根据目标与背景的HS特征相似度来动态调整两个模型融合权重,以降低背景混乱和目标姿态变化的影响;最后针对目标尺度变化问题,采用尺度金字塔估计策略进行解决。实验表明,与现有算法相比,提出的算法能更好降低光照、背景混乱等复杂因素干扰,鲁棒性更强。     

双环MeanShift视频跟踪算法

针对传统均值漂移跟踪算法在目标特征提取、模板匹配度量和带宽固定方面存在缺陷,提出一种双环MeanShift视频跟踪算法。该算法采用万向椭圆的特征提取方式,能更有效地抑制背景信息影响,较好地提高目标模型质量。引入双环描述因子能突出目标本身特征权重,改善图像匹配峰值特性,并通过双环之间的关系自适应地更新核函数的带宽。仿真实验结果表明该算法在目标具有明显尺度变化、姿态扭曲和部分遮挡的情况下,可以获得准确和鲁棒的跟踪效果。     

多特征带宽自适应Mean Shift目标跟踪算法

在传统均值漂移跟踪算法中,其核函数带宽缺乏较好的自适应调整特性,且易受背景色干扰。为此,提出一种多特征带宽自适应目标跟踪算法。采用颜色和纹理信息创建特征模型,在最优目标位置区域投影,以生成概率密度分布图,通过计算获得目标密度块的长度和宽度,从而自适应调整核函数带宽,用椭圆锁定目标,椭圆形状参数由目标概率密度的矩运算获得。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效适应目标缩放、旋转等复杂运动,并能抵御一定光照变化及背景色干扰影响。     

干扰环境下运动目标跟踪的背景滤波

基于Mean Shift的目标跟踪算法,在目标发生明显尺度变化或存在背景干扰的情况下,跟踪就会失败。为此,针对跟踪过程中的背景干扰问题,提出根据目标运动状态进行背景滤波的目标跟踪算法。根据目标跟踪过程中产生的运动轨迹估计目标位移和速度,沿着目标可能的运动方向的反方向对候选区域进行背景滤波,滤波区域宽度根据目标位移大小确定。实验结果表明,改进后的算法对背景信息具有较好的鲁棒性,提高目标跟踪的可靠性。     

基于均值漂移—连通域标记的多目标跟踪算法*

提出一种基于Mean Shift改进算法与连通域标记的多目标跟踪算法。在多目标跟踪过程中,对目标瞬间丢失、目标遮挡或重叠时目标跟踪失败等情况有较好的改进。在跟踪过程中,当目标丢失时,基于改进的Mean Shift算法能自适应调整搜索窗口尺寸和方向。通过自适应扩展搜索窗口,利用连通域标记算法搜索目标并计算其矩特征来获得跟踪目标的重心和大小信息,并将获得的位置和尺度信息作为下一帧Mean Shift算法跟踪初始坐标和尺度,统计目标区域颜色直方图作为Mean Shift算法目标模型,从而解决了因目标速度过快而引起的目标瞬间丢失问题。最后研究结果显示,这种改进的目标跟踪算法可以有效改善多目标跟踪的性能,实现目标连续跟踪。     

一种自适应特征选择的运动目标实时跟踪算法

提出自适应特征选择算法,利用背景信息及目标信息建立特征分类器,并在跟踪过程中不断更新特征分类器;提出采用光流算法对运动区域进行粗预测,然后利用特征分类器及meansh ift算法对目标进行跟踪.实验结果表明,该算法可以根据不同的背景信息自适应的选择特征 ,对于跟踪过程中存在形变、遮挡以及背景出现干扰或光照变化等情况,依然可以对目标进行稳定的实时跟踪.     

一种自适应尺度与学习速率调整的背景感知相关滤波跟踪算法

针对跟踪过程中遮挡因素以及目标尺度变化因素导致的目标跟踪漂移问题,文中提出了一种自适应尺度与学习速率调整的背景感知相关滤波跟踪算法。该算法首先通过背景感知相关滤波器获得目标的初步位置信息;其次在背景感知相关滤波器的基础框架下训练尺度相关滤波器,以有效估计目标尺度变化,从而准确调整搜索区域的大小;然后根据响应图波动情况进行遮挡判定,利用平均峰值能量指标与最大响应值判定目标遮挡情况,自适应调整模型学习速率大小;最后,设计相应的模型更新策略,来提高模型性能。在OTB100 Benchmark数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法与背景感知相关滤波器相比,其成功率提高了6.2%,精度提高了10.1%,因此该算法能有效地处理遮挡、尺度变化等问题,提高了跟踪模型的成功率与准确率,同时具有实时的跟踪速度。     

引入视觉显著性的多特征融合跟踪

针对大多数目标跟踪算法采用单一特征描述目标,在背景区域出现相似的干扰特征时跟踪精确度较低的问题,提出了一种引入视觉显著性的多特征融合的目标跟踪算法。首先,采用视觉显著性机制处理颜色直方图得到显著性特征,再使用混合特征策略融合显著性特征和BRISK(binary robust invariant scalable keypoints)特征,获取目标前景和背景模型;其次,运用双向光流检测和误差度量提取动态特征,并使用自适应搜索机制提取候选目标区域的静态特征,融合动态特征和静态特征;最后,根据匹配算法估算目标跟踪框的自适应尺度及中心,确定目标在当前帧图像中所处的位置。实验结果表明,该算法能够处理强烈光照变化、目标尺度变化、快速运动及部分遮挡等情况下的目标跟踪问题,并实时稳定地获得单目标跟踪结果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。