碳纳米管的改性及其应用

碳纳米管因其具有独特的物理化学性质在许多领域具有潜在的应用价值。碳纳米管表面改性是实现其应用价值的主要手段之一。介绍了碳纳米管表面改性方法的研究进展,以及改性碳纳米管在复合材料、医学、环保、储能等领域的一些应用。     

二乙烯三胺改性碳纳米管对环氧树脂纳米复合材料力学性能影响研究

采用二乙烯三胺(DETA)对碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行改性,并用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对其进行表征。发现DETA被有效地包覆在MWNTs表面。并将改性前后的MWNTs与环氧树脂进行复合,采用浇铸成型法制备了MWNTs/环氧树脂纳米复合材料,测试其力学性能,并采用透射电镜(TEM)研究其分散性,扫描电镜(SEM)对其断口进行了分析研究。结果表明,少量的改性MWNTs可以使复合材料的力学性能提高,具有明显的增韧作用。当MWNTs的含量为0.6%时,纳米复合材料的冲击强度与纯环氧体系相比,提高幅度达400%以上,弯曲强度和弯曲模量的提高幅度均达到了100%以上。     

碳纳米管表面改性及其吸附水中污染物的研究进展

简述了碳纳米管的结构、性质及优异的吸附性能,介绍了碳纳米管的表面改性方法,总结了对不同目标物吸附效果的差异。表面改性有利于碳纳米管对水中重金属离子的吸附,对不同的有机污染物而言,不同的修饰官能团的吸附效果差异较大。指出了吸附竞争和提高选择性等是未来需要研究的方向。     

纳米粒子及其在复合材料改性中的应用

介绍了纳米粒子的一些优异特性和表面改性的方法,并详细阐述了纳米粒子充聚合物聚合材料的主要制备方法,研究进展及其良好性能。     

碳纳米管的等离子体表面功能化及其聚合物基复合材料的研究进展

碳纳米管以其独特的结构与优异的性能成为提高聚合物基复合材料性能的重要选择,从处理方法、表征及应用等方面概述了碳纳米管的等离子体表面功能化的研究进展,特别是对近年来国内外文献报道的应用等离子体技术处理碳纳米管方法、处理效果及其应用做了比较全面的总结,并对这种技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

表面改性碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用多巴胺对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行非共价改性,得到多巴胺改性MWCNTs(简称PCNT)。将PCNT作为填料加入天然胶乳中制备PCNT/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,并研究其性能。透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析结果表明MWCNTs经过多巴胺改性后在水中的分散效果明显改善。PCNT/NR复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度明显提高,拉伸强度由22.7 MPa升至28.4 MPa,撕裂强度由26 kN·m^-1升至40 kN·m^-1。多巴胺用量适当的PCNT在NR基体中分散更均匀,填料与橡胶的相互作用较强,能够形成较好的填料网络结构,PCNT/NR复合材料的表面电阻显著降低。     

碳纳米管表面包覆改性研究进展

综述了利用化学镀法、化学气相沉积法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法和静电自组装法对CNTs表面进行包覆的研究进展,对比分析5种制备方式下CNTs的包覆情况,为制备具有优异分散性能的改性CNTs提供研究基础。     

碳纳米管表面包覆改性研究进展

综述了利用化学镀法、化学气相沉积法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法和静电自组装法对CNTs表面进行包覆的研究进展,对比分析5种制备方式下CNTs的包覆情况,为制备具有优异分散性能的改性CNTs提供研究基础.     

碳纳米管的分散及表面改性

碳纳米管具有独特的结构和优异的物理化学性能,但碳管间易相互缠绕而发生团聚是限制其应用的主要原因.本文对国内外关于碳纳米管的分散及表面改性的研究进行了综合评述,评述了这些方法的优缺点,并对今后的研究方向做了展望.     

多壁碳纳米管的表面改性及其在水性聚氨酯体系中的应用

采用自制的硅烷类改性剂(s-PEG)对经过酸氧化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行表面改性处理,并通过共混法制备了MWNTs/水性聚氨酯(WPU)复合材料,研究了MWNTs的添加对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,改性剂s-PEG成功地包覆于MWNTs表面,形成了s-PEG壳层,包覆率约为25％.改性MWNTs (s-PEG-MWNTs)的添加可以明显改善WPU复合材料的拉伸性能,当s-PEG-MWNTs的添加量为1％时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比未添加MWNTs的材料分别提高了597％和152％.s-PEG-MWNTs在WPU基体中达到了良好的分散效果.此外,s-PEG-MWNTs的添加显著地增强了复合材料的导电性能.     

碳纳米管改性处理的研究

用不同的处理方法，对碳纳米管进行改性处理，结合碳纳米管的理论估算，通过BET法评价不同处理方法的改性效果。实验结果表明碳纳米管经过空气氧化或浓混酸回流处理后，由高倍透射电镜显示，其管长变短。管端端帽开口，从而显著增加了碳纳米管的比表面积和孔容。     

碳纳米管修饰及在电化学领域的应用

凭借出色的力学、电学性能和化学稳定性,碳纳米管在电化学、纳米器件、能源、催化等领域具有广泛的应用前景。但是,分散性差、化学活性低等缺点极大地限制了碳纳米管的应用。本文主要介绍了了碳纳米管的共价修饰和非共价修饰,分析了各方法的差异和优缺点;并简要介绍了碳纳米管在环境分析、电化学生物传感器等电化学领域的主要应用。     

Efficient functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with p‐aminophenol and their application in the fabrication of poly(amide‐imide)‐matrix composites

The ultrasonically assisted preparation and characterization of poly(amide‐imide) (PAI) composites containing functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are reported. To improve the dispersion in and compatibility with the polymer matrix, the MWCNTs were surface‐modified with p‐aminophenol (p‐AP) under microwave irradiation. The process is fast, one‐pot, easy and results in a high degree of functionalization as well as dispersibility in organic solvents. The p‐AP‐functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNTs‐AP) were analysed by means of field emission and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results consistently confirm the formation of p‐AP functionalities on MWCNTs which are able to undergo additional reactions, while the structure of the MWCNTs remains relatively intact. MWCNTs‐AP/PAI hybrid films were prepared with various MWCNTs‐AP contents (5–15 wt%) using a solution‐casting technique. Microscopic observations show that the dispersion of the MWCNTs‐AP is improved as a result of the organic groups on the MWCNT surface and functional groups in the PAI structure. The properties of the obtained composites were characterized extensively using the aforementioned techniques. TGA results show that the hybrid films exhibit a good thermal stability. Tensile mechanical testing was performed for the prepared composites, the results of which indicate an increase in the elastic modulus and tensile strength with increasing MWCNTs‐AP content. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚碳酸酯/碳纳米管纳米复合材料研究进展

综述了聚碳酸酯(PC)/碳纳米管(CNT)纳米复合材料研究的最新进展。介绍了PC/CNT纳米复合材料的制备方法、CNT在PC中的分散和网络形成机理以及CNT对PC/CNT纳米复合材料的电性能、力学性能、流变性能的影响。     

聚碳酸酯/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了聚碳酸酯(PC)／碳纳米管(CNT)纳米复合材料研究的最新进展。介绍了2种不同CNT的物理特性和PC／CNT纳米复合材料的制备方法以及CNT对PC／CNT纳米复合材料的力学性能、流变性能、电性能和结晶性能的影响。PC／CNT纳米复合材料是近年来CNT研究的新热点。     

The effect of different modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes on tribological behaviors of poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite coatings

Three kinds of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with different length were obtained by grafting carboxylic groups on long MWNTs or copolymer groups on short and long MWNTs. The modified MWNTs were examined by infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Afterward, the modified MWNTs were introduced into poly (furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), and the tribological behaviors of the resultant PFA composite coatings were investigated using a ring‐on‐block wear tester under dry friction condition. The dispersion of MWNTs in PFA composites and the worn surfaces were investigated by FESEM. The results indicated that the MWNTs dispersion and the tribological behaviors of PFA composite coatings could be obviously improved by modification with the copolymer. More significantly, under similarly uniform dispersion of MWNTs, the tribological properties of PFA composite coatings with short nanotubes presented better results when compared with those with long nanotubes because of the influence of nanotube length on the degree of modification of the MWNTs surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

掺氮碳纳米管的结构、制备及其催化应用

将氮原子掺入到碳纳米管的晶格中,使碳纳米管表面碱性增强,从而改变了碳纳米管表面的吸附性能;掺杂在碳纳米管晶格中的氮原子的高电子云密度还导致碳纳米管在电子、材料和催化方面具有独特的性能.介绍了掺氮碳纳米管结构特征和制备方法,综述了近年来在催化中的应用.     

Vinyl–carbon nanotubes for composite polymer materials

We report herein a simple method for attaching vinyl groups onto the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the application of vinyl–carbon nanotubes (CNT–C?C) in fabricating polymer composites. The synthesis of CNT–C?C was monitored with IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained CNT–C?C showed good compatibility with the in situ polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and exhibited no tendency for phase separation in the final composite. A transmission electron microscopy study revealed a uniform coating on the CNT–C?C tubes, indicating good grafting efficiency of PMMA. The uniform dielectric PMMA coating was responsible for the lower electrical conductivity of the CNT–C?C/PMMA composites versus that of the CNTs without vinyl modification. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Surface oxidation of single-walled carbon nanotube paper with oxygen atoms

Single-walled carbon nanotube paper was surface oxidized with gaseous oxygen atoms produced by low-pressure: (1) vacuum UV (λ?=?104.8 and 106.7?nm) photo-oxidation and (2) downstream microwave plasma discharge of an Ar–O₂ mixture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to detect the carbon- and oxygen-containing functional groups in the top 2–5?nm of the sample’s surface. Both methods produced a saturation level of ca. 12 at.% oxygen with the predominant formation of the epoxide/ether groups.