新型储氢材料研究进展

氢能作为一种环保可再生的新型能源,生产技术逐渐走向成熟,成本大幅度下降,将迎来快速发展的机遇期。氢能被广泛利用的关键在于是否能够实现高效储存。本文重点讨论了四类新型储氢材料,即金属络合氢化物储氢材料、碳纳米管储氢材料、沸石以及新型沸石类材料、有机液态储氢材料。文章指出：金属络合氢化物储氢材料储存压力低但循环稳定性差;碳纳米管储氢材料已经有很长的发展历史,安全性高且易脱氢,然而目前对其储氢机理认识不够成熟;沸石以及新型沸石类材料价格低廉,但是对反应条件的要求高;有机液态储氢材料被认为是大规模储存和运输的可行选择,然而昂贵的成本和苛刻的反应条件限制了其发展。文章指出后续需要改进并开发具有较高存储容量和具有经济价值的储氢材料。     

有机液体储氢材料的研究进展

氢气是一种清洁、高效的能量,被视为最具发展潜力的清洁能源,其存储和运输是影响氢能大规模应用的关键问题。常用的储氢方法有高压气态储氢、液化储氢、金属合金储氢和有机液体氢化物储氢等,本文综述了其中受到广泛关注的有机液体储氢材料,分析了多种有机液体储氢材料的储氢原理与特点,认为有机液体储氢容量大,可循环使用,更加高效安全。主要介绍了环己烷、甲基环己烷、十氢萘、咔唑和乙基咔唑等,重点对目前的国内外研究现状进行了阐述。根据分析结果,对其发展前景进行了展望,指出如果利用工业上能够大规模获取的化学原料,如萘系多环芳烃,开发高效低成本加氢脱氢催化剂,研究最适宜的加氢与脱氢条件,可大幅降低储氢成本,有利于氢能的大规模应用与发展。     

储氢材料在高能固体火箭推进剂中的应用

系统介绍了金属氢化物、金属配位氢化物、金属氮氢化合物以及氨硼烷等储氢材料,在此基础上总结了储氢合金、轻金属氢化物和金属硼氢化合物在高能固体火箭推进剂领域的应用研究进展,指出上述储氢材料能够促进推进剂组分的分解,改善推进剂的燃烧性能并提高推进剂的能量性能;同时分析了各类储氢材料在高能固体推进剂中的应用前景和制约因素,提出金属氢化物和金属配位氢化物是可能应用于高能固体火箭推进剂的储氢材料;同时,需重点关注储氢材料对氧气和水的高敏感性以及与推进剂的相容性差等可能的制约因素。附参考文献37篇。     

储氢技术的研究发展现状

简要介绍了高压储氢、液化储氢、金属氢化物储氢和有机液体氢化物储氢等几种主要储氢技术的原理和研究进展.讨论分析了各种储氢技术的特点,指出有机氢化物在低温下高效脱氢,将是储氢技术的发展方向.     

固体储氢材料的研究进展

氢的廉价制取、安全储运以及高效应用是目前氢能研究领域的重点,而安全、高效的氢储运是实现氢能规模化应用的技术关键,因此高容量固态储氢材料的研发具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。固体材料储氢因储氢密度大、安全系数高而成为最有前景的储氢技术,得到了研究者们的广泛关注。本文针对目前国内外固体储氢材料研究现状,论述了几种固体储氢材料的研究进展,包括物理吸附类储氢材料、金属基储氢材料、配位氢化物和水合物储氢材料。重点评述了固态储氢材料中最具发展潜力的镁基储氢材料,并阐述了合金化、纳米化、添加催化剂以及复合轻金属配位氢化物等几种改性方法对镁基储氢材料储氢机理、微观结构、热力学性能、动力学性能的影响。制氢-储氢-用氢一体集成化设计应是固态储氢尤其是镁基储氢产业化应用发展道路,而镁基固态储运氢技术的发展,将可能实现氢气安全高效及大规模储运。     

镁基储氢材料在含能材料中的应用

根据化学结构不同将镁基储氢材料分为镁基储氢合金氢化物、氢化镁和镁基配位氢化物3类,分别介绍了3类镁基储氢材料在含能材料中应用的研究进展;分析了镁基储氢材料在含能材料中的应用前景和存在的问题;介绍了计算机模拟技术在研究镁基储氢材料对推进剂热分解影响中的应用情况。结果显示,镁基储氢材料能够通过促进含能材料的热分解过程提升其能量水平,同时其较高的热稳定性有利于改善含能材料组分的相容性和安定性。镁基储氢合金氢化物、氢化镁和镁基配位氢化物均可显著提高固体推进剂和炸药的应用性能。因此,镁基储氢材料在含能材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。附参考文献47篇。     

储氢功能材料的研究进展

综述了各种不同储氢材料的分类、储氢机理、研究进展,指出未来应用于质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）车用氢燃料电池中的储氢材料,最具发展潜力的是大容量储氢合金、锂-铝及锂-硼金属配位氢化物和有机液体储氢。     

储氢材料的研究现状与发展趋势

氢能可提供稳定、高效、无污染的动力,在电动汽车等领域有广阔的应用前景.但是氢能技术面临氢的规模制备、储存和运输等主要挑战.其关键是能否开发具有足够容量的储氢材料,将氢在温和条件下可控释放.现有储氢方式主要有物理储存和吸附、金属氢化物、化学氢化物等.本文综述了上述主要储氢方式的研究现状,并评价了未来最可能用于氢能规模利用...     

储氢技术研究进展

介绍了高压压缩储氢、深冷液化储氢、金属氢化物储氢、碳纳米管吸附储氢及有机液体氢化物储氢等几种储氢技术的发展现状,并指出储氢技术未来的发展方向.     

双壁碳纳米管与定向碳纳米管的储氢性能比较研究

引言氢能以其清洁、高效等优势,被公认为解决能源危机和环境污染日益严重问题的最有前途的可再生二次能源之一。氢气安全、高效的储存和运输已成为氢能利用体系中的瓶颈问题。氢的液态和高压气态储存安全性差、能耗高。金属氢化物储氢的单·位质量的储氢能力较低,储氢过程中合金的活化、     

金属氢化物应用最新研究进展

综述了金属氢化物(MH)的应用技术，包括MH在氢的储存运输、氢汽车、热泵、热一机械能转换、氢的分离与精制、电池和催化等方面的应用。存在贮氢能力低、对气体杂质高度敏感、初始活化困难等问题。今后应开发可逆氢容量大、价格性能比合适、寿命长的新型MH。     

有机液态氢化物可逆储放氢技术进展

有机液态氢化物可逆储放氢技术是一种具有独特优点的新型储氢技术.介绍了这种储氢技术的原理和特点,综述了国内外研究现状.指出今后应从开发高效脱氢催化剂和膜反应器两个角度出发改进该系统的脱氢效率.     

新型贮氢材料的研究进展

氢能作为资源丰富、绿色环保的清洁能源而被广泛研究,氢的贮存和运输是氢能应用的关键。金属络合氢化物、碳纳米管、沸石具有较高的贮氢容量,成为贮氢材料研究的热点。综述了金属络合氢化物、碳纳米管、沸石等新型贮氢材料的研究进展,讨论了各种贮氢材料的特点与性能,对其实用性和应用前景进行了分析。     

Efficient hydrogen generation from organic chemical hydrides by using catalytic reactor on the basis of superheated liquid-film concept

Under boiling and refluxing conditions for catalytic dehydrogenation of organic chemical hydrides (decalin, methylcyclohexane and others) in a batch-wise reactor, either suspended states with excess amounts of substrate or sand-bath states with its scarce amounts were found to be inferior generally to the so-called “liquid-film states” with adequate amount ratios of substrate to catalyst, where the catalyst-layer temperatures were superheated or raised higher than the boiling point, and, consequently, reactivities became more favorable at higher heating temperatures in contrast to the boiling suspended states.Equilibrium shifts due to reactive distillation were well demonstrated under boiling and refluxing conditions in naphthene dehydrogenation. Moreover, desorption of hydrogen from the active sites to the bubble space was enhanced in the superheated liquid-film states, with large translational entropy endowed.Provided the extents of equilibrium deviation were large enough (Prigogine's approach), thermodynamic couplings among irreversible processes would be realized between heat transfer and mass transfer as an example of the extended De Donder's equation. Restriction of chemical equilibrium could be removed under temperature gradient conditions, as the consequence that its Gibbs energy change became more negative than that under iso-temperature conditions.Within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, the decreased retardation constant K in the superheated liquid-film states was interpreted in terms of a vector-level coupling between temperature gradient and desorption. Moreover, vigorous bubble formation would give additional favor to the reaction rates owing to enlarged repeating frequencies of sequential non-microreversible processes in dehydrogenation catalysis.Organic chemical hydrides are attractive from the viewpoints of safe, economical, exergy-saving and large hydrogen contents for hydrogen storage and distribution. Their main defects have been pointed out hitherto that the endothermic reaction temperatures are too high. In this paper, a new concept on superheated liquid-film catalysis is explored for dehydrogenation temperatures to decrease, which would result in not only saving exergy for external heating but also avoiding catalyst deactivation due to carbon deposit.     

Solid‐state Materials and Methods for Hydrogen Storage: A Critical Review

Hydrogen is important as a new source of energy for automotive applications. It is clear that the key challenge in developing this technology is hydrogen storage. Current methods for hydrogen storage have yet to meet all the demands for on‐board applications. High‐pressure gas storage or liquefaction cannot fulfill the storage criteria required for on‐board storage. Solid‐state materials have shown potential advantages for hydrogen storage in comparison to other storage methods. In this article, the most popular solid‐state storage materials and methods including carbon based materials, metal hydrides, metal organic frameworks, hollow glass microspheres, capillary arrays, clathrate hydrates, metal nitrides and imides, doped polymer and zeolites, are critically reviewed. The survey shows that most of the materials available with high storage capacity have disadvantages associated with slow kinetics and those materials with fast kinetics have issues with low storage capacity. Most of the chemisorption‐based materials are very expensive and in some cases, the hydrogen absorption/desorption phenomena is irreversible. Furthermore, a very high temperature is required to release the adsorbed hydrogen. On the other hand, the main drawback in the case of physisorption‐based materials and methods is their lower capacity for hydrogen storage, especially under mild operating conditions. To accomplish the requisite goals, extensive research studies are still required to optimize the critical parameters of such systems, including the safety (to be improved), security (to be available for all), cost (to be lowered), storage capacity (to be increased), and the sorption‐desorption kinetics (to be improved).