湿法冶金结合喷雾干燥-热解工艺纯化和控制钨颗粒（英文）

钨因其独特的物理化学性能而被广泛的应用于半导体和高温材料。依次采用离子交换、溶剂萃取、重结晶、喷雾干燥和煅烧还原的方法对钨酸铵进行处理,成功制备出高纯、分散性好的微米级球形钨粉。其中,利用湿法冶金去除原料中的杂质金属,喷雾干燥和煅烧还原过程控制最终钨粉形貌结构和粒径分布。研究了喷雾干燥过程中溶液浓度对雾化粉末形貌的影响规律,并揭示了雾化粉末分解还原过程中的机理。结果表明,该方法制备出的钨粉纯度高于99.995%,平均尺寸约为1.5μm。本研究中的湿法冶金和粉末技术可用于合成其它具有高性能要求的金属粉末。     

Mo-30％Cu纳米复合粉末的制备

采用喷雾干燥 煅烧 氢气还原的方法制备出晶粒尺寸为17～30 nm的Mo-30%Cu(质量分数)纳米复合粉末.通过XRD及SEM分别对粉末的相组成、形貌和粒度进行表征,从热力学的角度对粉末的还原过程进行分析,并研究了各还原阶段粉末的形貌变化和生长机制,建立了气-液-固(V-L-S)自催化反应模型.     

喷雾干燥法制备球形钨粉及还原过程的研究

以偏钨酸铵(AMT)为原料,采用喷雾干燥法结合氢气还原方法成功制备出球形钨粉。随后利用SEM、TEM、激光粒度分析仪和XRD等分析方法对粉末微观形貌、颗粒平均粒度、粒度分布和还原过程中的相变情况进行研究。结果表明,前驱粉末为球形,煅烧后,颗粒形貌未发生明显变化,仍保持球形;TEM结果显示粉末是球形中空结构。同时探讨了溶液浓度、鼓风速度、给料速度对粉末粒度的影响。激光粒度分析结果表明,溶液浓度对粉末的平均粒度影响最大,溶液浓度越大,颗粒的平均粒度就越大。粒度分布越集中,而给料速度对颗粒的平均粒度影响不明显。XRD结果显示,氢气气氛下,550℃保温2h,α-W相出现;还原温度升高到750℃,保温2h,WO3被完全还原为α-W。     

喷雾干燥-氢还原制备W-50Cu纳米复合粉末过程中的相转变

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥、煅烧和氢还原工艺制备了纳米级、W-50%Cu(质量分数,下同)复合粉末,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了粉末制备过程中的相演变.非晶态喷雾干燥前驱体经煅烧形成复合氧化物粉末,其形貌和相结构随煅烧温度而变化.煅烧后的复合氧化物粉末在还原过程中经过了一系列复杂的相转变,其相转变过程分为3个阶段:在350℃,粉末主要由Cu、Cu2O、WO3、W相组成;在450℃还原后粉末由Cu、Cu2O、WO3和WO2相组成;在550℃以上还原时,铜的氧化物全部变成Cu相,WO3和WO2渐渐变成W相,其中WO2一直在750℃仍保持稳定.一系列的XRD分析结果表明,还原后的W-Cu纳米复合粉末由W(Cu)超饱和固溶体新相和Cu相组成,其晶粒尺寸分别为33 nm和63 nm.     

喷雾干燥法制备钼合金微粉的研究

钼合金的制备过程广泛采用原料粉末混匀、坯料压制、烧结成型的粉末冶金方法,因此原料粉末混合的均匀程度、纯度、粉末粒径和形貌对钼合金制品的性能有重要影响。本文采用溶液喷雾干燥法制备前驱体粉末,再将前驱体粉末在氢气气氛下进行高温还原制备钼钨合金粉和钼钌镍复合粉,研究了喷雾干燥工艺参数（溶液浓度、进料速度、干燥温度等）和还原热处理工艺参数（还原气氛、温度、时间等）对钼合金微粉粒径、成分和形貌的影响,此外还分析了钼钨合金化和钼钌镍复合粉钎焊性能。结果表明,采用溶液喷雾干燥结合还原热处理工艺,可获得粒径0.5~3μm的球形钼钨固溶体合金粉和0.5~2μm的球形钼钌镍复合粉,且钼钌镍复合粉在钼板上钎焊时具有优异的润湿性。     

喷雾干燥结合微波煅烧氢还原法制备微米级球形钼粉

以仲钼酸铵(优级纯)为原料,通过气流式雾化干燥结合微波煅烧氢还原法制备出微米级球形钼粉。重点研究雾化造粒过程和微波煅烧氢还原阶段的升温速率对最终Mo粉的形貌、粒度以及比表面积的影响及规律。结果表明,控制一定的工艺参数可以制备出微米级球形、分散性好的钼酸铵前驱体粉末。微波煅烧氢还原的升温速率越低,制备的Mo粉破碎越严重,且有少量团聚现象。升温速率越高,制备的Mo粉球形度越高,分散性越好。升温速率也直接影响平均粒度和比表面积,升温速率越低,平均粒度越小,而比表面积越大;升温速率越高,平均粒度相应越大,比表面越小。     

喷雾干燥结合微波煅烧法制备微米级球形钼粉的研究

本文以仲钼酸铵(优级纯)为原料,通过结合气流式雾化干燥法和微波煅烧氢还原法制备出球形、微米级、比表面积大、分散性好的钼粉。重点研究雾化造粒过程和微波煅烧氢还原阶段的升温速率对最终Mo粉的形貌、粒度以及比表面积的影响及规律。研究结果表明,控制一定的参数可以制备出球形、微米级、分散性好的钼酸铵前驱体粉末;最终Mo粉的微观形貌受升温速率的影响,升温速率越低制备的Mo粉破碎越严重,且有少量团聚现象,升温速率越高制备的Mo粉球形度越高,分散性越好;升温速率也直接影响平均粒度和比表面积,升温速率越低,平均粒度越小,而比表面积越大,升温速率越高,平均粒度相应增大,比表面减小。     

直接碳化与煅烧-碳化工艺对WC-Co复合粉性能的影响

以偏钨酸铵、醋酸钴、裂解碳为原料,配置成料浆,通过喷雾干燥-氢气还原碳化(简称直接碳化法)和喷雾干燥-氮气煅烧-氢气还原碳化(简称煅烧-碳化法)制备WC-Co复合粉。对两种工艺制备粉末的性能和形貌进行对比,发现直接碳化法制备的WC-Co复合粉的颗粒在10¹00μm、平均粒度在50μm,大部分球形壳破裂,粉末仍然保持球形骨架,粉末松装密度小、流动性差;煅烧-碳化法制备的WC-Co复合粉末的颗粒度在10100μm、平均粒度在50μm,大部分球形壳破裂,粉末仍然保持球形骨架,粉末松装密度小、流动性差;煅烧-碳化法制备的WC-Co复合粉末的颗粒度在10⁵0μm、平均颗粒度25μm,粉末球形度高、流动性好。将两种工艺制备的粉末制成YG6合金,对比发现直接碳化法得到WC-Co复合粉制备成的硬质合金硬度高、晶粒度小、密度高、孔隙度低、致密度高;将两种工艺制备的粉末进行热喷涂,发现煅烧-碳化法制备的粉末热喷涂时,涂层表面致密度高、WC保留率高、硬度高。     

纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉合成及特性研究

使用喷雾转化、煅烧和原位还原碳化技术制备了纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉末。通过XRD研究相组成发现,经过喷雾转化处理后粉末为无定形相、经煅烧后的粉末为WO3与Co3O4相、经还原碳化工艺后的物相是WC与Co相;由于Co对碳化过程的催化作用,将煅烧后的粉末置于氢气气氛中加热至900度还原碳化1个小时,即可将粉末碳化完全,制备出WC与Co相共存的纯净复合粉。文章还研究了还原碳化温度（700-900 ℃）对粉末相组成的影响,并通过SEM和HRTEM观察粉末形貌与微观组织。结果表明：制备的粉末具有球形结构,WC晶粒约0.36 μm,亚晶尺寸约为56 nm,说明WC晶粒是多晶体。同时发现粉末中的WC单颗粒被Co相互粘结在一起,且在WC与WC颗粒的接触部位发现存在烧结颈。文章还讨论了复合粉球形结构的形成过程和机理。     

氧化钨的形貌结构对纳米WC粉末均匀性的影响

研究了在传统氢还原工艺制备纳米碳化钨粉末过程中不同氧化钨的形貌结构对纳米W/WC粉末均匀性的影响,并对粉末及其WC-Co烧结体的性能进行了表征。结果表明,用具有疏松、多孔形貌结构的细小氧化钨颗粒更容易制备出结构较疏松、分散性较好的纳米W粉和WC粉。晶粒聚集和异常粗大颗粒的产生,主要与碳化过程中团聚纳米钨粉颗粒因烧结合并增粗有关。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.