配位负载法制备CoS2/AOCF复合材料及其电催化析氢性能

以硫酸钴、硫代硫酸钠、硫和偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈纤维(AOCF)为原料,采用配位负载法制备了CoS2/AOCF复合材料,采用SEM、XRD、TEM、XPS和BET对CoS2/AOCF进行物相分析和形貌表征,并对CoS2/AOCF复合材料的电催化析氢性能进行了测试.结果表明,AOCF链上—OH、—NH2与Co(Ⅱ)的配位作用极...     

纳米二硫化钴/偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维的制备及抑菌性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为原料,化学改性制得含有偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维(AOCF),使其与纳米二硫化钴反应,制得纳米二硫化钴/偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维(nano-CoS_2/AOCF)。运用红外光谱仪(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X衍射能谱仪(EDX)对样品进行了表征,并研究了纤维对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性能。结果表明,在纤维表面生成了分散均匀的纳米二硫化钴,0.08 g的nano-CoS_2/AOCF对大肠杆菌的抑菌能力与6 000 U的青霉素相当,而对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌能力与4 000 U的青霉素相当。     

Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料制备及其电催化析氢性能

开发高效、稳定的电催化剂是实现电解水制氢反应(HER)的关键。成功制备以炔基化的聚乙烯醇(alkyne-PVA)改性的单层氧化石墨烯(GO)载体,以硼氢化钠为还原剂,将钯纳米颗粒(Pd-NPs)负载在碳基材料上,合成Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、N2吸附-脱附和XPS对所合成物质的形貌、结构、比表面积及孔径进行分析;采用电化学工作站测试催化剂的线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)和Tafel斜率,分析所合成催化剂的电催化析氢性能。结果表明Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料在酸性电解质中的电催化性能较好,其在电流密度为-10 mA·cm^-2时,过电位仅为-80 mV。     

Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料制备及其电催化析氢性能

开发高效、稳定的电催化剂是实现电解水制氢反应(HER)的关键。成功制备以炔基化的聚乙烯醇(alkyne-PVA)改性的单层氧化石墨烯(GO)载体,以硼氢化钠为还原剂,将钯纳米颗粒(Pd-NPs)负载在碳基材料上,合成Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、N₂吸附-脱附和XPS对所合成物质的形貌、结构、比表面积及孔径进行分析;采用电化学工作站测试催化剂的线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)和Tafel 斜率,分析所合成催化剂的电催化析氢性能。结果表明Pd-NPs@alkyne-PVA/GO复合材料在酸性电解质中的电催化性能较好,其在电流密度为-10 mA·cm^-2时,过电位仅为-80 mV。     

RuCs/Mo2C纳米棒制备及电催化析氢的研究

Mo₂C被誉为最有前景的电催化产氢催化剂,然而其高的过电压和低效率限制了其规模化生产。本文通过简单的溶剂热法制备了Ru纳米簇(Ru Cs/Mo₂C)负载Mo₂C纳米棒复合材料。研究表明,Ru Cs/Mo₂C(Ru,质量分数7.79%)表现出优异的电催化产氢性能,电流密度在10 mA·cm^-2的过电势为104 mV,Tafel斜率为96.30 mV·dec^-1。同时,Ru Cs/Mo₂C催化剂具有优异的稳定性,在工业电解系统中具有广阔的应用前景。     

镍基TiO2复合电极的制备及电催化析氢性能

在含有TiO₂颗粒的氨基磺酸体系镀镍液中通过电沉积制备了Ni/TiO₂复合镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对镀层进行表征的结果显示,TiO₂颗粒成功地沉积在镍镀层中,并改变了镍镀层的表面微观形貌和相结构。通过极化曲线、塔菲尔曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、计时电位曲线等电化学测试考察了不同TiO₂质量浓度下所得Ni/TiO₂复合镀层的析氢活性和稳定性。与Ni镀层相比,Ni/TiO₂复合镀层显示出更高的析氢催化活性。TiO₂表面存在的羟基有利于析氢反应中氢吸附原子的形成,提高了析氢反应速率。在10 mA/cm²的阴极电流密度下,以6 g/L TiO₂制备的复合镀层表现出较低的析氢过电位(310 mV),具有最高的析氢活性。     

超支化聚合物接枝纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与表征

利用偶联剂KH-550和超支化聚(胺-酯)(HBP)对纳米TiO2进行改性,并制备了纳米TiO2/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。对复合材料的结构、力学性能、加工性能以及热性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,HBP接枝改性纳米TiO2(TiO2-g-HBP)的引入可明显提高复合材料的力学性能、热性能及加工性能;当w(TiO2-g-HBP)=1%时,复合材料的力学性能最好,其冲击强度和弯曲强度比纯EP分别提高了135.51%和22.98%;扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示,TiO2-g-HBP/EP复合材料由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。     

银负载二氧化钛(Ag/TiO_2)复合材料的光催化及润湿性能

通过光还原法合成了银负载二氧化钛(Ag/TiO2)复合材料,测定了其作为光催化剂降解罗丹明B的性能。考察了不同煅烧温度处理对其光催化性能以及润湿性能的影响。结果表明适当温度下的热处理不但可以改善样品的润湿性能,同时可以提高其光催化降解污染物的性能。     

溶胶-凝胶法SiO_2/PMMA复合材料的制备及性能表征

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、正硅酸乙酯和γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,制备出溶胶-凝胶法SiO2/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜、差热分析、红外吸收光谱表征了复合材料的微观形貌和热性能。结果表明,SiO2粒子在PMMA基体中形成了比较均匀的网络结构,没有出现有机相、无机相分离的现象。     

PIPD/Cu2 纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及性能

以聚(2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯撑吡啶并二咪唑)(PIPD)为基体、三氟乙酸(TFA)和甲烷磺酸(MSA)为混酸,通过混酸剥离-去质子化诱导凝胶-冷冻干燥-惰性气氛高温处理制备出PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶.对PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的形貌和结构进行表征,结果表明,混酸法制备PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶过程中,强质子酸破环了PIPD纤维的晶区和取向,PIPD主体的化学结构未发生明显变化.制得的PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶具有蜂窝孔结构、低密度(6.90～15.2 mg/cm3)和高孔隙率(99.1％～99.6％).当PIPD含量(以MSA和TFA总质量为基准,下同)不高于1％时,PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶无明显收缩.惰性氛围高温处理使PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶具有弹性.水平垂直燃烧、极限氧指数(LOI)、导热系数测试表明,PIPD含量为0.5％的纳米纤维气凝胶达到不可燃水平(UL-94,V-0级),LOI高达49.2％,100℃下低热传导性〔导热系数为0.052 W/(m·K)〕.此外,引入Cu2+配位交联网络提高PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的压缩应力,增强后气凝胶的压缩应力是初始PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的约16倍.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺/纳米SiO_2复合材料的研究进展

综述了国内外聚酰亚胺(PI)/纳米SiO2复合材料的最新研究进展,重点阐述了溶胶-凝胶法制备PI/纳米SiO2复合材料的机理,详细讨论了该复合材料的性能(微观结构、物理机械性能、耐热性、耐化学性和成型加工性等)及其在各领域中的应用,总结了PI/纳米SiO2复合材料存在的具体问题和未来的发展趋势。     

TiO2（B）的合成及其光催化性能的研究

以硫酸钛和过氧化钠为原料,合成了过氧钛酸复合物作为前躯体,进而通过水热法制备出单斜结构二氧化钛TiO2(B),采用XRD、TEM、FTIR和BET等技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,TiO2(B)的比表面积为98.15 m2/g,对甲基橙的光催化降解表现出比P25更高的活性和良好的稳定性。     

Crystallization and melt behavior of Mg(OH)2/PP composites modified by functionalized polypropylene

The crystallization and melting behavior of Mg(OH)₂/PP composites modified by the addition of functionalized polypropylene (FPP) or acrylic acid (AA) and the formation of in situ FPP were investigated by DSC. The results indicated that addition of FPP increased the crystallization temperatures of PP because of the nucleation effect of FPP. The formation of in situ FPP resulted in a reduced crystallization rate, melting point, and degree of crystallization attributed to the decreased regularity of the PP chain. For Mg(OH)₂/PP composites, the addition of Mg(OH)₂ increased the crystallization temperatures of PP resulting from a heterogeneous nucleation effect of Mg(OH)₂. The addition of FPP into Mg(OH)₂/PP composites further enhanced the crystallization temperatures of PP. It is suggested that there is an activation of FPP to the heterogeneous nucleation effect on the Mg(OH)₂ surface. The addition of AA also increased the crystallization temperatures of PP in Mg(OH)₂/PP composites, although the crystallization temperature of PP was not influenced by the AA content, which is explained by the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the Mg(OH)₂ surface activated by FPP and AA. A synergistic effect on the crystallization of PP in Mg(OH)₂/PP composites further increased the crystallization temperatures of PP. However, The crystallization temperatures of Mg(OH)₂/PP composites modified by in situ FPP were lower than those of Mg(OH)₂/PP composites modified by addition of either FPP or AA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3610–3621, 2004     

Preparation of cadmium sulfide/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites by precipitation with compressed CO2

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were first synthesized in methyl methacrylate (MMA)/sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) microemulsion, in which MMA acts as the solvent and monomer. Then compressed CO₂ was used as an antisolvent to precipitate the CdS and PMMA simultaneously. Using this method, a CdS/PMMA composite was successfully prepared. The CdS nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer matrices were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The higher pressure is favorable to producing CdS nanoparticles of smaller size. The phase structure of the obtained composite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, which reveals that cubic CdS particles were formed. The FTIR spectra of the composite showed that there is no chemical bonding or strong interaction between CdS and PMMA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1643–1648, 2004     

纳米Pd/P(AAEM-St)复合材料的制备与表征

超声引发乳液聚合制备了纳米钯/乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯-苯乙烯共聚物[Pd/P(AAEM-St)]复合材料,研究了复合材料的结构及热稳定性。XRD结果表明Pd2+被还原成了Pd粒子,FTIR结果表明纳米粒子与聚合物基体之间存在相互作用,TG结果表明纳米粒子的存在对P(AAEM-St)基体的热稳定性有一定影响。     

热液法制备纳米二氧化锆及其机理探讨

以八水合氯氧化锆和氨水(氢氧化钠)为原料，通过高压釜中适合水热条件的化学反应，实现了原子、分子级的微粒构筑和晶体生长。并通过添加不同的矿化剂如Ca^2 ，Sr^2 制得了不同晶型的纳米二氧化锆粉体，所制得的纳米二氧化锆粉体，粒径平均为十几个纳米，分散均匀。并研究了不同的反应物浓度、不同溶剂等对产物的影响。该法操作简单，不需要高温烧结，既节省了能源，又防止了因高温造成颗粒团聚。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,5-苯二酚固相萃取光度法测定钴(Ⅱ)的研究

根据新试剂 2 ( 2 喹啉偶氮 ) 1,5 苯二酚 (QADHB)与钴的显色反应及WatersPorapakR○ Sep Park固相萃取小柱对显色络合物的固相萃取 ,建立了一种测定生物样品中痕量钴的新方法 ,在 pH =4.4HAc NaAc缓冲介质中 ,溴化十六烷基三甲基铵 (CTMAB)存在下 ,QADHB与钴反应生成 2∶1稳定络合物 ,该络合物可用WatersPorapakR○ Sep Park固相萃取小柱富集 ,用乙醇洗脱后用光度法测定 ,可测定痕量钴。方法用于几种食品样中痕量钴的分析 ,结果令人满意     

2(5H)-呋喃酮的过氧化氢氧化法合成与表征

用过氧化氢氧化糠醛法合成2（5H）-呋喃酮,详细讨论了投料比例、反应温度、滴加方式、反应时间等对产率的影响,产物用FT-IR、UV、^1HNMR、MS等进行了表征.     

Modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber by blending with N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethyl‐ ammonium chitosan chloride

N‐(2‐Hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) was synthesized by the reaction of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and chitosan. The reaction product was a water‐soluble chitosan derivative, and showed excellent antimicrobial activity. HTCC was blended with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) using an NaSCN aqueous solution as a common solvent. The blend solution was transparent and stable up to 6 months without phase separation. The PAN/HTCC blend fibers were prepared via a wet spinning and drawing process. Thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties as well as antimicrobial activity were investigated. It was found that the antistatic property and antimicrobial activity of the blend fibers could be achieved by adding only a small amount of HTCC. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2258–2265, 1999