共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
论湿地研究与中国水利——迎1999年“世界湿地日” 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
左东启 《水利水电科技进展》1999,19(1):14-21
经过沼泽学者的长期系统研究和近30年野生生物学者及其世界性组织的努力,湿地研究进入一个多学科协作的全球生态环境系统的研究新阶段.水科学技术与湿地的水因素、水条件的控导息息相关.本文就湿地的界定和描述、分类和编目、勘查和统计、试验和监控、开发和利用、保育的管理、规划和评价、经济和立法等8个方面讨论这一新的学科分支的发展前景. 相似文献
2.
扎龙湿地蓄滞洪能力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章介绍了扎龙湿地所在区鸟裕尔河和双阳河流域水资源现状及存在的问题,并对扎龙湿地蓄滞条件、需水状况等蓄滞洪能力进行了分析.充分利用扎龙湿地滞洪能力,对流域防洪减灾、维系湿地自身生态功能具有重要意义. 相似文献
3.
陈劲跃 《广东水利电力职业技术学院学报》2009,7(4)
当前,在高速公路水土保持植物配置项目中普遍存在着植物配置单一的现象,它直接影响水土保持事业的发展,对此以大庆至广州高速公路粤境连平至从化段工程的水土保持设计为例,探索广东省高速公路项目实施植物多样性配置的途径。 相似文献
4.
天津滨海新区湿地植物群落特征及植被演替过程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究滨海新区湿地植物的特征和生态效益,更好的了解湿地植物群落的价值,研究了湿地植物的种类及区系组成、植物多样性及其分布、湿地植被的演替规律,研究得出本区湿地植物种类较多,共232种,科属种分布广泛,植物丰富度较高,均匀度一般,湿地植物受水盐程度影响较大,演替过程主要由水盐程度主导;水分多时向湿生水生植物演替如碱菀、芦苇等,水分少盐度高时多发生向中生盐生植物的演替如獐毛等。 相似文献
5.
6.
Md. Mehedi Hasan Pramanik;Md. Monjurul Hasan;Md. Mozzammel Hoque;Md. Moniruzzaman;Rumana Yasmin;Ehsanul Karim;Md. Amirul Islam;Md. Anisur Rahman;Yahia Mahmud; 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2024,29(1):e12453
One of the largest wetlands in Bangladesh's north-east, Hail Haor supports a variety of aquatic habitats and has a diversified ecosystem. To ascertain the fish diversity indices of Hail Haor, this study was carried out month by month from December 2020 to June 2021. For this study, three sampling sites in the Moulvi Bazar district—Chiruadobi Beel, Gopla River and Balla Beel were chosen from which fish samples were collected. Twenty-five different fish species were identified and 12,076 fish (individual numbers) were counted and categorized. The Shannon diversity index varied from 1.33 to 1.65. Hail Haor's species diversity index is moderate by the index standard. The Shannon evenness index (E) varied from .41 to .51. The Depressed Community is present in the Hail Haor species diversity index, as per the index standard. The Simpson dominance index fluctuated from .56 to .72. The species diversity index of Hail Haor contains moderate dominance, as per the index standard. With the help of local retailers, fishers, and other relevant stakeholders, the FGD identified factors that have an impact on the diversity index. The current study on diversity indices will be highly beneficial for formulating strategy and managing Hail Haor by strictly adhering to the recommendations. 相似文献
7.
Intermittent rivers are dynamic ecosystems that experience a predictable or unpredictable loss of surface water and are characterised by changing lotic, lentic (ponding) and dry habitats. Plant communities colonising dry channels during the desiccation stage can be diverse, abundant and differ in their tolerances to water availability and habitat conditions. This study examines the colonisation of terrestrial vegetation in two intermittent rivers in the United Kingdom, and whether terrestrial plant taxonomic richness and functional diversity increase during the dry phase. Six reaches were surveyed for terrestrial plants during the dry phase over a standard 100 m length every month from April to October 2021. We found the channel and bank taxonomic richness increased with drying duration. Functional traits of vegetation height, clonality, clonality richness and Ellenberg's value of light moisture also increased with stream desiccation. Bed sediment conditions (the proportion of sand and gravel) and the 12-month antecedent percentage of zero flow days were the key drivers of plant community composition. We believe plant propagules from the riparian zone and channel vegetation on topographic high points in the channel aided plant colonisation of the riverbed once flow ceased. Past research may have underestimated the biodiversity value of intermittent rivers by failing to include the ecological importance of plants during the dry phase. Information on plant diversity of the dry phase is important to determine the overall biodiversity of intermittent rivers for their long-term conservation and management. 相似文献
8.
湿地是地球生态系统中的重要组成部分,具有巨大的经济、社会和环境价值,在抵御洪水、调节径流、蓄洪防旱、降解污染、调节气候等方面 有着其他生态系统不可替代的作用,是河流健康不可或缺的指标因子。根据长江流域湿地状况的调查和湿地分布特征对长江流域湿地进行分区,并对各个分区的湿地现状进行评价,对健康长江湿地保留率的涵义进行了探讨,初步分析了长江湿地的现状以及湿地保留率健康评价的分级方法。 相似文献
9.
王晓宇 《水资源与水工程学报》2006,17(3):55-58
湿地是大自然水循环的重要调节器和最大的滤水池,科学利用山西湿地资源对于新世纪山西水利发展意义重大。本文通过对山西湿地资源及其面临的严重的水生态危机状况分析,在参阅国内外大量研究成果的基础上,就如何正确把握和运用湿地水循环的规律,构建山西湿地资源水生态安全技术支持系统,有效维护山西湿地资源的水生态安全,实现湿地的恢复与重建,提出了若干建议。 相似文献
10.
12.
不同基质和植物人工湿地净化效果试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分别以高炉渣、瓜子片、碎石为基质,美人蕉、黑三棱草、野茭白为植被构建人工湿地模拟系统,对其净化效果进行试验研究。结果表明,种植植物的湿地系统比未种植植物的湿地系统净化效果好,不同植物同种基质湿地系统对不同指标的净化效果各不相同,如不同植物对NH3-N和TN的净化效果从高到低顺序为:黑三棱草,美人蕉,野茭白;同种植物不同基质湿地系统对不同指标的净化效果也不同,不同基质对NH3-N和TN的净化效果从高到低顺序为:碎石,高炉渣,瓜子片。对NH3-N和TN浓度较高的污染环境,采用碎石为基质、黑三棱草为植被的人工湿地系统效果最佳。 相似文献
13.
Romulus Abila Walter Salzburger Millicent Florence Ndonga Dickson Otieno Owiti Marta Barluenga Axel Meyer 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2008,13(2):95-104
Lake Kanyaboli, an isolated satellite lake of Lake Victoria, has been suggested as a potential refugium for haplochromine cichlids that have gone extinct in the main basin of Lake Victoria. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecular markers, as well as feeding ecology studies, were employed in this study to re‐evaluate the evolutionary and ecological significance of six common Lake Kanyaboli haplochromines. The mtDNA marker revealed high genetic variability within four of the six haplochromine cichlids. Five haplotypes were discerned in Astatoreochromis alluaudi (n = 27), seven in Lipochromis maxillaris (n = 29), five in Astatotilapia nubila (n = 12) and 11 in the endangered Xystichromis phytophagus (n = 205). A haplotype genealogy suggests that Lake Kanyaboli harbours mtDNA haplotypes that could have been lost or not sampled in Lake Victoria, or could have arisen in situ. Lipochromis maxillaris appears to have undergone a recent demographic expansion. The pairwise FSTs indicated that only the comparison between X. phytophagus and A. nubila led to a non‐significant FST value. All other comparisons were significant at the 0.01 level, indicating the genetic distinctiveness of the haplochromines in the satellite lake. This could suggest that the lake harbours ‘pure’ relict populations of the haplochromines and therefore that Lake Kanyaboli can be considered a ‘genetic reservoir’. Gut content analysis of the six haplochromine species revealed that eight different food items were consumed. No single species fed exclusively on a single food item, but certain food items contributed higher proportions of the fish diet for each fish species. Resource partitioning therefore could be discerned within this haplochromine community. Thus, Lake Kanyaboli and similar satellite lakes provide an opportunity for conservation of both genetic and trophic diversity threatened by introduction of exotics in the Lake Victoria basin. Lake Kanyaboli should be recognized and conserved as important evolutionary significant units for Lake Victoria region haplochromine species. 相似文献
14.
梅林水库紧邻深圳市福田中心区,库区拥有良好的自然生态环境和优良的水质。水源保护区内分布着被称为"活化石"的国家Ⅰ级保护植物仙湖苏铁。经过漫长历史的自然和人为等因素影响,梅林水库仙湖苏铁及其种群呈现明显的衰退甚至消亡迹象,直接危及水源涵养生态环境的健康。在对珍稀植物衰退原因分析的基础上提出了保护梅林水库生态资源的对策。 相似文献
15.
16.
为了掌握湿地型生态岛中植物的适应性,了解适宜生长的植物和适宜的生态岛类型,以昆山望山河为试验河道,构造了两种类型湿地型生态岛对水生植物的越冬情况、生态适应性和氮磷积累量进行了试验研究。结果表明:所选择的5种水生植物越冬发芽率从大到小依次为鸢尾与黄菖蒲(两者相同)、梭鱼草、水葱、香蒲;砾石+泥土基质的生态岛有利于植物的株高和根数增加以及植物生长和氮磷的积累,提高湿地系统去除氮磷的能力;植物适应性和净化潜力从大到小依次为梭鱼草、鸢尾、黄菖蒲、水葱;鸢尾和黄菖蒲在试验地区可常绿越冬,适宜于冬季的城市河道治理,景观效果较好。 相似文献
17.
孙湘儒;陈佳勃;王艳杰 《人民珠江》2021,42(7)
辽河保护区湿地在辽河干流污染负荷削减和生物多样性维持等方面发挥重要作用。综述了辽河保护区湿地近40年生态环境演变过程及其主要驱动因子,并以此为依据提出湿地保护措施与未来研究展望。1980—2010年,湿地面积总体呈减少态势,辽河口保护区段以外的辽河保护区植物资源稀少且种类单一,不适宜大部分鸟类和鱼类等动物的繁衍生息;2010—2020年,湿地面积快速恢复,宏观植被群落结构及多样性明显改善,鸟类与鱼类的种群数量明显增多。气温和降水量变化是湿地生态环境演变的主要自然驱动因子,大规模农业开发、水利工程修建、油气开发、城镇化和外来物种入侵等人为驱动因子在湿地演变过程中起主导作用。当前可重点从严格保障生态需水、多层次重建水陆交错带及敞水区水生植被、物理化学与生态防治措施联合控制外来物种入侵等方面开展湿地保护工作。未来重点开展基于流域尺度的辽河保护区湿地发育机制等相关研究。 相似文献
18.
19.
堵塞对湿地内水流流态及污水处理效果的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过在污水中加入氯化钠示踪剂,研究人工湿地及其对照系统内水力停留时间的分布(HRTD),探讨潜流人工湿地和垂直流人工湿地中植物在堵塞前后对水流流态的影响,探讨堵塞对上述两种人工湿地水流流态的影响。结果表明:对于潜流人工湿地(SFCW),堵塞前湿地植物缩短了水力停留时间(HRT),堵塞后延长了HRT;对于垂直流人工湿地(VFCW),堵塞前湿地植物对水流流态无明显影响,堵塞后延长了湿地内的HRT。堵塞对湿地内水流流态影响明显,潜流和垂直流湿地由于堵塞其HRT分别延长了12.3%,22.6%。堵塞后湿地对污水的净化能力都要强于堵塞前,但是湿地的污水处理量减小,堵塞严重时湿地丧失其污水净化功能。 相似文献
20.
运用Delft3D软件建立了盐沼植被作用下波流耦合数值模型,定量分析了辽河口潮滩湿地海域的水沙动力特性和泥沙落淤过程。结果表明:模型模拟的波浪、潮流及悬浮泥沙结果与实测数据相符,各测点模拟的悬浮泥沙浓度自表层至底层逐渐上升;不同盐沼植被如芦苇与盐地碱蓬,对潮滩流速的阻碍影响存在显著差异,在大潮期,芦苇能更有效地衰减水流速度;相比盐地碱蓬植被,芦苇在截留悬浮泥沙及促使泥沙落淤方面的作用更加显著。 相似文献