21世纪的染料学科和染料工业

从染料学科和染料工业在 2 0世纪发展的总体情况出发 ,就染料学科和染料工业范围、传统染料前景、染料工业生产急需解决的问题、基础研究关键课题等 4个方面预测了 2 1世纪染料学科和染料工业可能的发展前景 .     

有关环保型染料的几个热点问题

环保型染料已成为世界纺织市场上对染料的要求。本文对环保型染料的几个热点问题,即环境荷尔蒙与染料助剂,染料过敏性和过敏性染料,重金属与染料助剂,染料致癌性和致癌性染料,ＡＯＸ与染料助剂等进行了分析,它们对染料工业的发展将具有重要的意义。     

近年美国染料工业概况

美国染料工业持续下滑,染料产量由2000年的16.6万吨下降到2003年的11.9万吨,占世界染料总量的9.7%,生产的染料有24%出口;其价格连续走低;染料的消费量也逐年下滑,2003年的表观消费量为18.4万吨,折百约为13.2万吨,消费量为世界消费总量的12.7%,其中进口量超过50%,在进口染料中超过40%来自中国和印度。在美国进行化学合成的染料只有酸性和活性,其余均为进口原染料进行加工或商品化,占染料生产量的75%～80%。经过6年的分化重组,美国染料生产商的主体是德司达、汽巴和科莱恩等跨国公司。纺织印染工业萎缩和进口冲击、染料产品利润空间的急剧缩小、环境因素是造成美国染料工业不景气的主要原因。     

环保型染料开发动向

本文阐述了禁用染料的范围和染料中含有致癌芳香胺的原因分析,指出用环保型染料取代禁用染料是当前染料工业发展的主攻方向。     

振兴上海染料工业的我见

上海染料工业拥有14个染料和有机颜料厂,以及拥有助剂厂、染料化工机械厂、染料工业供销公司、染料研究所各一个;具有较为齐全的门类以及综合配套能力,能正常生产分散、活性、阳离子、还原、冰染,直接、酸性、媒染、缩聚、食用及特种染料,以及生产用于油墨、油漆和塑料着色的各种颜料剂型和纺织助剂、染料中间体。1987年产值占全国染料行业的1/4,税利为全国的35％左右,染料年产量占全国的10％,有机颜料占全国的28％,纺织助剂占全国的18％。上海生产的染料质量,目前达到或接近国际先进水平的品     

2002年世界市场新纺织染料开发动态

该文详细地阐述了2002年世界市场上开发的新纺织染料的特点和商品牌号,这对调整我国染料品种结构、开发新纺织染料以及印染行业选择染料具有重要的指导意义和实用价值.     

国内外溶剂染料的进展(二)

该文详细地介绍了溶剂染料结构分类及其与相关染料的对应关系,溶剂染料国内外生产情况和发展前景.     

国内外溶剂染料的进展（一）

该文详细地介绍了溶剂染料结构分类及其与相关染料的对应关系,溶剂染料国内外生产情况和发展前景.     

80年代世界染料市场消费和开发浅析

80年代染料工业随着世界纺织、造纸等的发展,经历了1个调整时期。西方一些染料制造公司由于三废污染日益严重,减少和停止了染料的生产,而不少发展中国家的染料工业在80年代后半期发展却很快,如印度、印尼、泰国以及我国的台湾地区。到80年代末期世界     

WTO与中国染料工业（一）

综述了国内外染料工业生产、消费和在WTO背景下的国际染料的贸易概况,阐述了我国染料工业发展的历史阶段,与发达国家染料工业在管理、技术进步等方面的差距,制约我国染料工业健康发展的因素,同时指出了我国染料工业参与国际竞争的优势所在,以及在加入了WTO后,国际贸易的游戏规则对我国染料工业的短期和长期影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。