红外光谱定量分析的研究进展

介绍了红外光谱定量分析的机制及优点。综述了红外光谱定量分析在药物分析、食品、反应机制及其他方面中应用;并展望了红外光谱定量分析的发展趋势。     

近红外光谱分析技术在药品快速检测中的进展

近红外光谱技术为原位分析技术的一项重要内容,近些年来此项技术得到了快速的发展,采用校正模型建立的方式针对目标样品开展定量分析工作,可以实现对目标样品的无损检测,为当前阶段具有较强环保性的分析技术.在相关化学领域中,近红外光谱分析技术的出现实现了分析技术的改革,与传统的分析技术比较,近红外光谱技术可以在非常短的时间内,只...     

活体光学成像研究进展

活体光学成像由于检测灵敏度高、操作简单、高性价比、无辐射,允许对活体实验动物体内的生物过程进行动态、无创分析等优点,广泛应用于肿瘤学、新药研发及干细胞研究等领域,是现代生物学、医学和药学研究非常重要的平台.近年来,生物光学标记和基因工程的快速发展,预示着动物活体光学成像将进入一个更深入和更灵敏的分子成像新时代.本文综述...     

基于红外光谱成像技术的环境微塑料检测研究

基于红外光谱成像技术提出一种微塑料检测方法,通过对泥土中的微塑料颗粒进行分离和提取,在红外光谱仪中进行光谱采集和分类。通过比对分类后红外光谱的吸收峰强度和数量,完成对微塑料颗粒的检测。测量k邻近分类结果的准确率和敏感度,使用ROC图对分类表现进行具体分析。研究结果表明:基于红外光谱成像的微塑料检测方法对环境中微塑料颗粒物的检测准确率超过89%。同时,系统具有高灵敏度、良好的鲁棒性等特点。研究结果对环境微塑料颗粒的快速检测技术的发展和应用具有一定的指导意义。     

光声光谱技术在色分析研究中的应用

现行测色法多以常规光谱为基础。通过测量样品对光的透射或反射率以及光源的能量分布,叠合色匹配函数,来寻找颜色的三刺激量,由此获取样品的色别、色饱和度和明度的信息。这些方法的共同特点是定向输入光子,并计量定向输出光子的情况。为了能将测定范围扩展到那些高反射、散射、漫射、辐射和层状样品,对一般常规光谱法是困难的。我们因此提出了光声测色法(PAC)。     

基于便携式高光谱成像的BOD实时检测研究

针对现有污水生化需氧量(BOD)测量中存在的问题,本文提出了一种基于高光谱成像技术的污水检测方法.该方法通过对指定水域进行实时高光谱成像,同时提供所检测区域水体图谱两方面的信息,配合相应的识别方法,即可以实现对污水BOD的定性、定量和定位分析,且检测方法快速简洁,为BOD的实时检测提供了一种新的途径.     

近红外光谱分析技术在石油化工中的应用

介绍近红外光谱分析技术的工作原理、光谱的预处理方法、定量分析方法、定性分析方法,综述了近红外光谱分析技术在石油化工领域中的应用现状,并对目前近红外光谱分析技术的发展方向作了简单的评论。     

高光谱成像与短视频成像结合机器学习应用于检测防火涂料的一致性

为了快速识别市场常见的防火涂料品牌,结合光谱成像与机器学习,提出了2种快速检测防火涂料一致性的方法。采用高光谱成像和短视频成像技术,测量了7种品牌防火涂料样品的光谱,利用主成分分析法对光谱数据进行降维,表明各品牌存在可分性。对光谱数据进行预处理、划分训练集和测试集后,评估常用机器学习方法的分类准确度,包括最小二乘判别分析、支持向量机等。结果表明：将光谱成像技术与机器学习结合,能够准确地区分防火涂料的品牌。短视频成像仅需智能手机即可实现光谱采集,具有技术成本低、操作便捷等优势,该技术与机器学习结合,在现场原位检测防火涂料的一致性有更广阔的应用前景。     

生化检测与DTI技术联合应用的临床研究进展

传统血清、脑脊液及体液生化检测已在临床应用多年,其样本易获取和应用范围普遍,已经被广泛应用到机体诸多系统的检查之中,为疾病的诊断和治疗提供了极大的帮助。然而,由于样本易受饮食、采样时间等因素影响,因而其结果稳定性有待提高。磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)是目前较新型的磁共振成像技术,其能利用纤维束示踪成像技术(DTT)实现观察白质纤维束走形与形态,对评价组织结构的完整性有积极作用。目前,常规生化检测联合新技术(DTI)共同应用,现已逐渐成为临床提高诊断率和术前评估的一部分。本文针对生化常规联合DTI检测的临床应用现状进行总结与概述,以期为临床提供诊疗参考。     

表面增强拉曼光谱基底研究进展

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)由于具有拉曼峰强、检测灵敏度高、能够无损分析等特点,在生物传感、表面吸附、储能、转化、文物等领域应用广泛,而制备出均匀分散并且高稳定性和重现性SERS基底是SERS技术的前提.对表面增强拉曼光谱技术的基底以及机理进行了综述.     

In Vivo Transcutaneous Monitoring of Hemoglobin Derivatives Using a Red-Green-Blue Camera-Based Spectral Imaging Technique

Cyanosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. It may result from a number of medical conditions, including disorders of the respiratory system and central nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis, and regional ischemia. Cyanosis can also be elicited from methemoglobin. Therefore, a simple, rapid, and simultaneous monitoring of changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin is useful for protective strategies against organ ischemic injury. We previously developed a red-green-blue camera-based spectral imaging method for the measurements of melanin concentration, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (C_HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (C_HbR), total hemoglobin concentration (C_HbT) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) in skin tissues. We leveraged this approach in this study and extended it to the simultaneous quantifications of methemoglobin concentration (C_metHb), C_HbO, C_HbR, and StO₂. The aim of the study was to confirm the feasibility of the method to monitor C_metHb, C_HbO, C_HbR, C_HbT, and StO₂. We performed in vivo experiments using rat dorsal skin during methemoglobinemia induced by the administration of sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) and changing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂), including normoxia, hypoxia, and anoxia. Spectral diffuse reflectance images were estimated from an RGB image by the Wiener estimation method. Multiple regression analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations of light transport was used to estimate C_HbO, C_HbR, C_metHb, C_HbT, and StO₂. C_metHb rapidly increased with a half-maximum time of less than 30 min and reached maximal values nearly 60 min after the administration of NaNO₂, whereas StO₂ dramatically dropped after the administration of NaNO₂, indicating the temporary production of methemoglobin and severe hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia. Time courses of C_HbT and StO₂, while changing the FiO₂, coincided with well-known physiological responses to hyperoxia, normoxia, and hypoxia. The results indicated the potential of this method to evaluate changes in skin hemodynamics due to loss of tissue viability and vitality.     

光谱法检测农药残留量的研究进展

综述了近十年来国内外基于光谱法对农药残留量进行检测的研究进展。讨论了分光光度法、红外光谱法、紫外可见光-分光光度法、荧光光谱法、化学发光法等光谱分析方法,对各种方法的特点进行了比较和评述。     

Improvement of the Similarity Spectral Unmixing Approach for Multiplexed Two-Photon Imaging by Linear Dimension Reduction of the Mixing Matrix

Two-photon microscopy enables monitoring cellular dynamics and communication in complex systems, within a genuine environment, such as living tissues and, even, living organisms. Particularly, its application to understand cellular interactions in the immune system has brought unique insights into pathophysiologic processes in vivo. Simultaneous multiplexed imaging is required to understand the dynamic orchestration of the multiple cellular and non-cellular tissue compartments defining immune responses. Here, we present an improvement of our previously developed method, which allowed us to achieve multiplexed dynamic intravital two-photon imaging, by using a synergistic strategy. This strategy combines a spectrally broad range of fluorophore emissions, a wave-mixing concept for simultaneous excitation of all targeted fluorophores, and an unmixing algorithm based on the calculation of spectral similarities with previously measured fluorophore fingerprints. The improvement of the similarity spectral unmixing algorithm here described is based on dimensionality reduction of the mixing matrix. We demonstrate its superior performance in the correct pixel-based assignment of probes to tissue compartments labeled by single fluorophores with similar spectral fingerprints, as compared to the full-dimensional similarity spectral unmixing approach.     

建构主义理论在有机波谱分析教学中的运用

针对有机波谱分析的特点,以建构主义教学理论为基础,强调以生为本,分阶段进行设计,通过创设各种有利的教学环境,使师生在平等和谐的交流与探讨过程中,充分激发学生的积极性和主动性,增加学生的感性认识,培养学生的想象能力,创新能力,发散性思维。     

波谱解析教学的体会

在多年教学的基础上,文章总结了波谱解析教学的体会：在内容上,紧抓四大谱的各自特点,强调综合运用;在方法上,以多媒体为手段,运用联想教学法,串联波谱特点和规律,加强波谱数据的记忆,并结合解析运用,构成了完整的学习波谱解析的面,使学生达到能独立完成药物波谱解析的目的。     

卟啉及其金属卟啉化合物的可见光谱分析

简单地介绍了卟啉及其金属卟啉化合物的应用,对不同的金属卟啉化合物进行光谱分析,实验结果发现在酸性条件下,以二氯甲烷(含少量DMF)或三氯甲烷为溶剂,金属钴卟啉的光稳定性最好,是很好的光敏剂.     

6-姜酚的有机波谱分析

应用UV、FTIR、NMR和GC-MS技术确证了6-姜酚的分子结构,并对谱图中的特征吸收峰和质谱图中的主要碎片离子峰进行了可能的归属分析,推测了6-姜酚主要碎片离子可能的裂解途径。     

Molecule-Resolved Visualization of Particulate Matter on Human Skin Using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Imaging

Precise measurement of particulate matter (PM) on skin is important for managing and preventing PM-related skin diseases. This study aims to directly visualize the deposition and penetration of PM into human skin using a multimodal nonlinear optical (MNLO) imaging system. We successfully obtained PM particle signals by merging two different sources, C–C vibrational frequency and autofluorescence, while simultaneously visualizing the anatomical features of the skin via keratin, collagen, and elastin. As a result, we found morphologically dependent PM deposition, as well as increased deposition following disruption of the skin barrier via tape-stripping. Furthermore, PM penetrated more and deeper into the skin with an increase in the number of tape-strippings, causing a significant increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that MNLO imaging could be a useful technique for visualizing and quantifying the spatial distribution of PM in ex vivo human skin tissues.     

Spectral dispersion curves of polymeric birefringent textile fibers

Optical Fourier transform (OFT) polarizing microscopy combined with variable‐wavelength interferometry (VAWI) was used for the determination of the spectral dispersion curves of birefringent textile fibers. We observed that the maximally bright circular fringe from the OFT technique corresponded to the anticoincidence case of the fiber fringe with the empty fringe from the VAWI technique and that the maximally dark fringe from the OFT technique corresponded to the coincidence case. With this combination of the two techniques, we identified the positions of the anticoincidence and coincidence when the VAWI technique was applied to overcome the difficulties of manually determining these positions. The intensity of the OFT patterns at the center was grabbed with a charge couple device camera and analyzed with a photodiode electrical circuit. The new observation was used for the determination of the spectral dispersion curves of the birefringence of polyethylene and aramide fibers. Microinterferograms are provided as illustrations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2481–2488, 2002     

硫三碳菁红外染料的光谱增感及超增感技术的应用研究

红外染料自减感的化学过程是致使红外增感效率低的原因。据此 ,红外感光材料的超增感过程应与抑制染料自发减感是密切相关的。二苯乙烯类衍生物 ,以及抗坏血酸作为红外染料超增感剂 ,有效地提高红外染料的光谱增感效率。