基于旋转框精细定位的遥感目标检测方法研究

遥感图像中的目标往往呈现出任意方向排列,而常见的目标检测算法均采用水平框检测,并不能满足这类场景的应用需求.因此提出一种旋转框检测网络R2-FRCNN.该网络利用粗调与细调两阶段实现旋转框检测,粗调阶段将水平框转换为旋转框,细调阶段进一步优化旋转框的定位.针对遥感图像存在较多小目标的特点,提出像素重组金字塔结构,融合深浅层特征,提升复杂背景下小目标的检测精度.此外,为了在金字塔各层中提取更加有效的特征信息,在粗调阶段设计一种积分与面积插值法相结合的感兴趣区域特征提取方法,同时在细调阶段设计旋转框区域特征提取方法.最后在粗调和细调阶段均采用全连接层与卷积层相结合的预测分支,并且利用Smooth L_n作为网络的回归损失函数,进一步提升算法性能.提出的网络在大型遥感数据集DOTA上进行评估,评估指标平均准确率达到0.7602.对比实验表明了R²-FRCNN网络的有效性.     

基于极点配置与时延误差补偿的网络控制系统预测控制

根据网络控制系统的时延上界及对象模型,建立网络控制系统的整体模型,应用极点配置广义预测方法进行控制器的设计,以保证网络控制系统控制的有效性与稳定性．考虑到网络时延的随机性,基于神经网络建立网络时延误差的预测补偿模型,用时延误差预测值对输出预测值进行补偿,构成基于极点配置和误差补偿的网络控制系统预测控制算法．仿真结果表明,本文方法有较高精度,可快速收敛．     

一种用于高速锁相环的双斜鉴频鉴相器设计

文中提出了一种用于高速锁相环的双斜鉴频鉴相器的结构设计。这种结构是基于两个调谐电路：细调电路和粗调电路。细调电路用来完成精确调制，粗调电路用来加快锁定速度。用MENTOR GRAPHICS-ADMS对电路进行仿真。结果表明所提出的结构比普通型锁相环的锁定时间减少了50％以上。     

实现锅炉优化燃烧的新型控制方案

根据锅炉燃烧过程的特点,运用模糊控制原理实现燃烧优化.文中提出分阶段(粗调、细调和精调)实施不同控制规则的控制方案,用于提高锅炉燃烧的热效率.实践证明,热效率提高2.8%.     

基于神经网络补偿的机器人稳定自适应控制

针对建模不精确的机器人,提出了一种基于神经网络补偿的机器人轨迹跟踪稳定自适应控制方法,文中通过设计神经网络补偿器和自适应鲁棒控制项,有效地补偿了模型的不确定性部分和网络逼近误差.由于算法包含有补偿神经网络逼近误差的鲁棒控制项,实际应用中对神经网络规模的要求可以降低;而且神经网络连接权是在线调整的,不需要离线学习过程.理论表明算法能够保证跟踪误差及神经网络连接权估计最终一致有界,仿真结果也验证了算法的有效性.     

改进的GPC在基于以太网的网络控制系统时延中的应用

针对基于以太网的网络控制系统(NCS)具有随机时延的特性,提出了将广义预测控制应用于网络控制系统中.为克服模型失配和系统不确定性的影响,基于BP神经网络建立一个误差的预测模型,用误差预测值对输出预测值进行补偿,构建了带误差补偿的广义预测控制算法.实验仿真验证了带误差补偿的广义预测控制在模型失配时具有更好的控制效果.     

基于坐标补偿的自动泊车系统无模型自适应控制

针对自动泊车系统,提出了无模型自适应控制(Model-free adaptive control, MFAC)方案.控制方案的设计仅利用泊车系统的前轮转角输入数据和车身角输出数据,不包含车辆模型信息.因此,针对不同车型的自动泊车系统,该方案均能实现无模型自适应控制.为了改善期望轨迹的坐标跟踪误差,进一步提出基于坐标补偿的无模型自适应控制方案,该方案由控制算法、参数估计算法、参数重置算法和坐标补偿算法构成.针对不同车型不同泊车速度的仿真结果表明,基于坐标补偿的MFAC方案和原型MFAC方案均能较好地完成自动泊车过程,且基于坐标补偿的MFAC方案相比原型MFAC方案和PID控制方案,在轨迹坐标和车身角等方面均具有更小的跟踪误差和更快的响应速度.     

时变对象模糊控制稳态性能的提高

本文提出了两种提高模糊控制稳态精度的方法，一种方法是分档控制，暂态时用“粗调”控制器以加快响应速度，稳定时用“细调”控制器以提高稳态精度，另一种方法是通过推知被控对象的慢变规律，然后根据这个规律补偿对象增益的慢变以得到恒定的输出，对一个参数慢时变的二阶被控对象的仿真实验验证了上述方法有效性，稳态精度大为提高，抗干扰性增强。     

机械手臂基于神经网络动态补偿的自适应控制

研究了模型具有不确定性的机械手臂的跟踪控制问题.由于模型不确定性的存在,基于精确模型设计的控制律很难达到理想的控制效果.针对这种情况,在基于标称模型设计的控制律的基础上,采用神经网络来补偿模型的不确定性,由于神经网络存在逼近误差,因此在控制器设计时,引入了H_∞ 鲁棒项,使得网络逼近误差达到指定的削弱水平并且跟踪误差渐近收敛到零,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

具有双储层结构的动态误差补偿回声状态网络

针对传统回声状态网络难以有效应对高阶非线性复杂模型问题,本文在理论分析的基础上提出了一种双储层结构的误差补偿回声状态网络,并设计了该网络的学习算法.该网络由计算层和补偿层构成,计算层主要承担拟合任务,补偿层则作为状态跟随器,实时补偿由于计算层对期望方差估计不足而导致的幅值偏差.对多阶振荡器和真实高阶非线性数据集的实验结果表明,本文所提网络结构较常规网络具有更高的稳定性和泛化性能,尤其对高阶非线性复杂模型的预测精度大幅度提升.     

An optimal adaptive H-infinity tracking control design via wavelet network

In this paper, an optimal adaptive H-infinity tracking control design method via wavelet network for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with external disturbances is proposed to achieve H-infinity tracking performance. First, an alternate tracking error and a performance index with respect to the tracking error and the control effort are introduced in order to obtain better performance, especially, in reducing the cost of the control effort in the case of small attenuation levels. Next, H-infinity tracking performance, which attenuates the influence of both wavelet network approximation error and external disturbances on the modified tracking error, is formulated. Our results indicate that a small attenuation level does not lead to a large control signal. The proposed method insures an optimal trade-off between the amplitude of control signals and the performance of tracking errors. An example is given to illustrate the design efficiency.     

Direct adaptive neural network controller for a class of nonlinear systems based on fuzzy estimator of the control error

A new approach of direct adaptive control of single input single output nonlinear systems in affine form using single-hidden layer neural network (NN) is introduced. In contrast to the algorithms in the literature, the weights adaptation laws are based on the control error and not on the tracking error or its filtered version. Since the control error is being expressed in terms of the NN controller, hence its weights updating laws are obtained via back-propagation concept. A fuzzy inference system (FIS) with heuristically defined rules is introduced to provide an estimate of this error based on the past history of the system behaviour. The stability of the closed loop is studied using Lyapunov theory. A fixed structure is then proposed for the FIS and the design parameters reduce to the parameters of the NN. The method is reproducible and does not require any pre-training of the network weights.     

基于控制性能的MIMO非线性系统动态面控制

针对一类不确定非线性MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output)系统,在动态面控制方法的基础上,提出了自适应跟踪控制方案.通过引入性能函数和输出误差转换,保证输出信号具有指定的跟踪速度、跟踪误差、最大超调量.为了避免控制奇异问题,采用神经网络直接逼近期望控制信号.该方案无需估计神经网络的权值,仅对1个参数进行自适应律设计.理论证明了闭环系统所有信号有界,仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性.     

Multiple Lyapunov functions‐based adaptive neural network tracking control of uncertain switched nonlinear systems

In this paper, the problem of adaptive neural network (NN) tracking control of a class of switched strict‐feedback uncertain nonlinear systems is investigated by state‐feedback, in which the solvability of the problem of adaptive NN tracking control for individual subsystems is unnecessary. A multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs)–based adaptive NN tracking control scheme is established by exploiting backstepping and the generalized MLFs approach. Moreover, based on the proposed scheme, adaptive NN controllers of all subsystems and a state‐dependent switching law simultaneously are constructed, which guarantee that all signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. The scheme provided permits removal of a technical condition in which the adaptive NN tracking control problem for individual subsystems is solvable. Finally, the effectiveness of the design scheme proposed is shown by using two examples.     

Adaptive neural integral sliding‐mode control for tracking control of fully actuated uncertain surface vessels

This paper develops a novel adaptive neural integral sliding‐mode control to enhance the tracking performance of fully actuated uncertain surface vessels. The proposed method is built based on an integrating between the benefits of the approximation capability of neural network (NN) and the high robustness and precision of the integral sliding‐mode control (ISMC). In this paper, the design of NN, which is used to approximate the unknown dynamics, is simplified such that just only one simple adaptive rule is needed. The ISMC, which can eliminate the reaching phase and offer higher tracking performance compared to the conventional sliding‐mode control, is designed such that the system robust against the approximation error and stabilize the whole system. The design procedure of the proposed controller is constructed according to the backstepping control technique so that the stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed based on Lyapunov criteria. The proposed method is then tested on a simulated vessel system using computer simulation and compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The comparison results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.     

漂浮基空间机器人的径向基神经网络鲁棒自适应控制

针对一类同时具有参数及非参数不确定性的自由漂浮空间机器人系统的轨迹跟踪问题,采用了一种RBF神经网络的自适应鲁棒补偿控制策略.对于系统的参数不确定性,通过对径向基神经网络来自适应学习并补偿,逼近误差通过滑模控制器消除,神经网络权重的自适应修正规则基于Lyapunov函数方法得到;而非参数不确定通过鲁棒控制器来实时自适应...     

Adaptive neural output feedback tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems

In this paper, an adaptive neural output feedback control scheme based on backstepping technique and dynamic surface control (DSC) approach is developed to solve the tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with unmeasurable states. Firstly, a nonlinear state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Secondly, in the controller design process, radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are utilised to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and then a novel adaptive neural output feedback tracking control scheme is developed via backstepping technique and DSC approach. It is shown that the proposed controller ensures that all signals of the closed-loop system remain bounded and the tracking error converges to a small neighbourhood around the origin. Finally, two numerical examples and one realistic example are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.     

非完整移动机器人的神经网络鲁棒自适应控制

在非完整移动机器人轨迹跟踪问题中,针对机器人运动学与动力学模型的参数和非参数不确定性,提出了一种混合神经网络鲁棒自适应轨迹跟踪控制器,该控制器由运动学控制器和动力学控制器两部分组成;其中,采用了参数自适应的径向基神经网络对运动学模型的未知部分进行了建模,并采用权值在线调整的单层神经网络和自适应鲁棒控制项构成了动力学控制器;基于Lyapunov方法的设计过程保证了系统的稳定性和收敛性,仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

A direct NN‐approximation control for uncertain nonaffine systems with unknown control direction

In this paper, we present an adaptive neural network (NN) controller for uncertain nonaffine systems with unknown control direction. Most of the previous NN‐based controllers included a damping term in the adaptive law of NN weights to ensure the closed‐loop stability. The estimated error of the NN weights as well as the tracking error were therefore increased, relying not only on the size of the NN approximation error but also on the ideal NN weights. Compared with those, the proposed controller evades using the damping term through combining a novel adaptive algorithm and a switching mechanism to update the weights. The NN thus can directly approach a target controller with satisfactory accuracy even if the control direction is unknown. Stability analysis shows that the tracking error and the estimated error of NN weights both converge to small neighbors of 0 which solely depend on the NN approximation error. At last, simulations on a Duffing‐Holmes chaotic model show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in comparison to another NN‐based method.     

Online Adaptive Approximate Optimal Tracking Control with Simplified Dual Approximation Structure for Continuous-time Unknown Nonlinear Systems

This paper proposes an online adaptive approximate solution for the infinite-horizon optimal tracking control problem of continuous-time nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics. The requirement of the complete knowledge of system dynamics is avoided by employing an adaptive identifier in conjunction with a novel adaptive law, such that the estimated identifier weights converge to a small neighborhood of their ideal values. An adaptive steady-state controller is developed to maintain the desired tracking performance at the steady-state, and an adaptive optimal controller is designed to stabilize the tracking error dynamics in an optimal manner. For this purpose, a critic neural network (NN) is utilized to approximate the optimal value function of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, which is used in the construction of the optimal controller. The learning of two NNs, i.e., the identifier NN and the critic NN, is continuous and simultaneous by means of a novel adaptive law design methodology based on the parameter estimation error. Stability of the whole system consisting of the identifier NN, the critic NN and the optimal tracking control is guaranteed using Lyapunov theory; convergence to a near-optimal control law is proved. Simulation results exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed method.