铜铝复合氧化物的制备及催化甲醛降解反应

利用柠檬酸与氢氧化铜、氢氧化铝的酸碱反应制备柠檬酸铜铝复合盐，经500℃热分解制备出了铜铝均匀分布的铜铝复合氧化物。复合氧化物的结构及元素分布采用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪及透射电子显微镜-能谱联用技术进行了表征。以30%过氧化氢溶液为氧化剂，以铜铝复合氧化物为催化剂催化水中甲醛的降解，在25℃、过氧化氢浓度为80μmol/mL、甲醛浓度为0.998 mg/mL，通过分光光度法测定剩余甲醛含量并计算甲醛降解率为95.3%。通过加入自由基捕捉剂叔丁醇验证了该反应机理为自由基反应。实验考察了甲醛浓度、催化剂浓度、过氧化氢浓度及酸碱度对甲醛降解效果的影响。实验发现当甲醛浓度小于0.998 mg/mL，催化剂浓度为16 g/L，过氧化氢浓度为80μmol/mL,25℃，在pH=5～9范围内，甲醛降解率均在90%以上。     

含氯酸性浸出液中铜离子的测量

一、电极的选择与测量我厂用脂肪酸钠萃取浸出液中的铜离子,使铜离子浓度由0.01克/升以上降至0.01～0.001克/升(不能低于0.001)。长期以来铜离子浓度是以化学分析方法来测定的。该法只能间隔一定时间进行测定,因此浸出液中铜离子浓度不能及时掌握。我们曾采用铜离子选择电极和甘汞电极来测量,但由于     

基于分光光度法原理萃铜余液中铜离子在线监测仪的研制

针对湿法炼铜工艺中对萃铜余液中铜离子浓度分析的要求,以双环己酮草酰二腙分光光度法为基础,对溶液中杂质的干扰进行掩蔽,实现了铜离子浓度的自动分析测量。介绍了在线监测仪的测定方法、原理、化学流路以及测量过程,对仪器的各项性能进行了测试。结果表明,铜离子在线监测仪运行稳定、重复性好、精密度高,分析结果与现场手工分析基本一致。可以满足现场对铜离子浓度在线监测的需求。     

浅论低CO浓度的铜洗工艺问题

低 CO 浓度的原料气使铜洗过程节省铜液循环量,获得节能和增加生产能力的效果。计算和定量分析了低 CO 浓度下各因素对吸收的影响,提出控制要点。为了充分发挥其效益,应采取措施适当降低铜塔出口铜液温度,在高负荷低 CO 浓度时,建议该温度保持为25～28℃。介绍了加低变炉后的铜洗带液故障原因及防止措施。     

渤海湾海水离子的浓度及其对海洋的影响

探讨了测量渤海湾近海海域海水中总铅、总铜、总镉金属粒子含量的方法。最终采用石墨炉原子分光光度法快速准确地测量海水中金属离子的浓度,并探究铅、镉、铜在海洋中的作用及在海洋中的影响。     

铜离子注入（Ba1—xSrx）TiO3半导体陶瓷的交流阻抗特性

本文测量了铜离子注入（Ba(1－x)Srx）TiO3半导体陶瓷样品在25～180℃，10Hz～13MHz之间的交流阻抗。根据等效电路模型与阻抗谱的变化，分析了注入样品的晶粒电阻、晶界电阻及其对温度的依从位以及样品的PTCR特性。研究表明，注入剂量为6×1015ions／cm2时，可以提高材料的PTCR效应。此外，辅以XPS和阻温特性测量分析注入铜离子的状态及样品的PTCR特性。     

MPEC技术对黑曲霉浸出铜尾砂的影响

应用MPEC技术调控黑曲霉菌丝形态,以实现铜尾砂的高效浸出。研究了Ti SiO4微粒子浓度对黑曲霉菌丝球直径影响,及其发酵液浸出铜尾砂效果。结果表明,添加Ti SiO4微粒子对黑曲霉菌丝球直径及其发酵液浸出铜尾砂有显著影响,当Ti SiO4微粒子浓度为25 g/L时,菌丝球直径为0.65 mm,铜浸出率可达84.5%。     

MPEC技术对黑曲霉浸出铜尾砂的影响

应用MPEC技术调控黑曲霉菌丝形态,以实现铜尾砂的高效浸出。研究了Ti SiO4微粒子浓度对黑曲霉菌丝球直径影响,及其发酵液浸出铜尾砂效果。结果表明,添加Ti SiO4微粒子对黑曲霉菌丝球直径及其发酵液浸出铜尾砂有显著影响,当Ti SiO4微粒子浓度为25 g/L时,菌丝球直径为0.65 mm,铜浸出率可达84.5%。     

从铜熔炼烟灰浸出液中萃取分离铜的试验研究

以铜熔炼烟灰浸出液为研究对象，采用N902萃取剂从中分离回收铜，并将铜元素进行富集。研究了萃取剂浓度、相比(O/A)、溶液pH值、振荡时间对铜萃取分离的影响，以及反萃剂浓度、相比、振荡时间对铜反萃率的影响。试验结果表明，在萃取剂质量分数12%、相比(O)/(A)=1∶2、溶液pH值为2.0、振荡时间6 min的萃取条件下，通过两级逆流萃取，铜、锌、铁的萃取率分别为98.26%、1.29%、2.28%;铜与铁、锌的分离系数分别达到4346和2425,实现了铜与铁、锌的有效分离。在选定反萃剂硫酸铜浓度为2.5 mol/L、相比(O)/(A)=2∶1、振荡时间6 min的条件下，通过两级逆流反萃，铜的反萃率为94.68%,反萃后铜质量浓度达到7.04 g/L,相较于浸出液中铜离子质量浓度提高了约3.72倍，实现了铜离子的富集，得到的硫酸铜溶液可用于电积铜生产。     

TBP对LIX84由Cu2+-NH3-Cl——H2O系萃取铜及氨的影响

以Cu2+-NH3-Cl--H2O氨性溶液为被萃水相,在LIX84中添加磷酸三丁酯(TBP),考察了有机相中TBP浓度、被萃水相铜离子浓度、总氨浓度和pH值及相比、LIX84浓度对铜萃取率、共萃氨量的影响. 结果表明,随LIX84中TBP浓度升高,铜萃取率变化不大,负载有机相的共萃氨量明显降低. 有机相中TBP浓度为0.1 mol/L、LIX84浓度为40%、被萃水相铜离子浓度25 g/L、总氨浓度3 mol/L及pH值9.1、相比1:1、萃取时间30 min时,铜萃取率约为81%,与未添加TBP时基本一致,而负载有机相的共萃氨量由未添加TBP时的260 mg/L降至添加TBP后的85 mg/L.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。