往复式制冷压缩机壳体振动声辐射特性的初步研究

制冷压缩机是决定冰箱、冷柜等家电噪声水平的关键部件。本文首先分析往复式制冷压缩机噪声的类型以及传递途径,指出壳体是压缩机自身噪声向外辐射的最终载体;接着对某一压缩机的壳体进行了模态分析,以了解其固有振动特性;再在压缩机内部的四个支撑机芯的弹簧底部位置和排气管焊接处施加常值幅度的力谱,研究压缩机的受迫振动与声辐射。结果表明:对于此压缩机第1阶弹性变形模态为3kHz左右;四个支撑弹簧和排气管焊接处施加力激励,发现在1kHz以下,壳体的振动小且声辐射效率低,所以声辐射功率也小;随着频率增加,辐射效率提高,特别当超过第1阶变形模态之后辐射效率将大于1,并且此时由于结构模态的不断出现,振动能量和声辐射功率都维持在较大幅度范围内;不同激励点激励起各阶壳体模态振动的有效性不一样,排气管焊接点处比支撑弹簧处能更有效地激励壳体的振动与声辐射。     

制冷压缩机壳体的化学处理工艺

制冷压缩机壳体的化学处理工艺湖北省黄石东贝冷机集团有限公司（４３５００６）王澄宇，毛立新武汉博新化工制品有限公司张尔重１前言制冷压缩机作为冰箱、空调等制冷家用电器的心脏，非常重要。我公司引进意大利ＡＳＰＥＲＡ公司先进的压缩机制造技术和设备，生产１４０...     

不同参数对压缩机壳体噪声辐射的数值分析

压缩机的噪声辐射是通过壳体的振动辐射出去,为了降低压缩机的噪声,并进一步优化壳体的声学特性,利用数值模拟方法,在合理简化模型的基础上,进行了壳体模态分析。然后,研究不同的参数(泵体支撑方式,集中力作用方向,壳体形状、厚度和阻尼)对壳体噪声辐射的影响,给出有效降低壳体噪声辐射的方法,其分析结果给压缩机壳体的设计与优化提供重要的参考依据。     

采用He-Ar混合工质的热声压缩机的制冷性能研究

基于理论分析，进行了惰性气体混合工质的热声压缩机驱动动脉管制冷机的性能试验。初步的实验结果表明，随着氦氩混合工质Pr数的减小，热声压缩机性能得到了提高，工作频率降低，从而使脉管的制冷性能得以改善。     

水中阻尼复合壳体结构声振特性的数值分析方法研究综述

综述了国内外对水中阻尼复合壳体结构声振特性的研究进展与现状，讨论了阻尼复合壳体结构在水中的振动特性、声辐射和声透射的研究情况。重点介绍了相关数值分析方法的研究概况，并提出了该领域有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

用于脉管制冷的热声压缩机实验研究

介绍了一热声压缩机实验装置。这种新型的压力波发生器整体无运动部件、无滑动密封，具有结构简单、运行可靠和寿命长等优点，在空间应用中具有发展前景。分别以氦气、氮气为工质进行了实验，输出的压力波的最大振幅约为平均压力的３％￣１０％，采用氦工质和氮工质时的最大压比分别达１．０６和１．１，频率分别为７０Ｈｚ和２５Ｈｚ。     

锥-柱组合壳体声辐射影响因素研究

在原有的简单锥-柱壳体的基础上,以肋骨、舱壁加强的锥-柱组合壳体来模拟潜艇典型尾部结构,采用有限元(FEM)和快速多极边界元(FM-BEM)方法,研究了壳体的舱壁布置形式、激振力方向、流体介质、锥壳段刚度、壳体阻尼对其声学性能的影响。在验证了原模型的干模态基础上,分别计算了各因素对新模型辐射声功率的影响,结果表明：（1）分布轴向力作用下,采用球舱壁加强的组合壳体水下辐射声功率及效率最小;（2）由于径向力更易激起壳体的周向模态,其激起的水声要强于轴向力,但轴向力的作用也不可忽视;（3）施加径向力时,壳体在水中的轴向位移小于在空气中,而法向位移大于在空气中;（4）锥壳段刚度对降噪无明显作用,而适当增加壳体阻尼可降低声辐射。本文的研究结论可为潜艇尾部声学优化设计提供参考。     

球形壳体障板声散射近场矢量特性

为了实现矢量水听器在水面或水下载体上的工程应用,研究了球形壳体障板声散射近场矢量特性。采用弹性薄壳理论结合边界条件导出了球形壳体障板声散射的声压和质点振速表达式,给出相应的声强表达式。数值计算了球形壳体障板声散射的近场特性,重点关注其近场矢量特性。理论分析和数值计算结果表明,由于球形壳体障板的散射作用,声压场和质点振速场表现为复杂的干涉结构;质点振速方向和声源方位不一致;声压和质点振速不再同相;声强方向也不再反映声源方位。本文结果为矢量水听器在球形载体和球形障板条件下的工程应用提供理论依据。     

阻尼处理对水下弹性壳体振动声辐射影响分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS和边界元软件SYSNOISE对水下弹性壳体在不同阻尼处理下受激振动与声辐射特性作了数值计算分析研究,讨论了粘弹性阻尼厚度及敷设方式对水下弹性壳体振动声辐射特性的影响,研究表明：阻尼处理可以有效的降低结构的辐射声功率,阻尼层的厚度不是越厚越好,要结合激励力的频谱特性和壳体的振动特性来选择合适的厚度,敷设方式内粘自由阻尼层要比外粘减振效果好.     

小型制冷压缩机瞬态起动特性研究

在小型制冷系统中，转子式压缩机的制冷效果不及往复式压缩机，因而限制了转子式压缩机的推广应用。利用作者研制的起动电流测试装置，对不同结构的小型压缩机的瞬态起动特性进行了实验研究，提出了阻止工质在停机后的质量迁移来提高转子式压缩机制冷效果的观点．并进行了压差起动可靠性试验。本研究工作为转子式压缩机在小型制冷系统上的推广应用提供了理论依据。     

Parametric studies on hermetic reciprocating compressors

An advanced numerical simulation model for the thermal and fluid dynamic optimization of hermetic reciprocating compressors has been developed. The quality of the numerical solution has been verified by means of a critical analysis of the different sources of errors, and validated through an extensive experimental comparison. This work is focused on presenting different parametric studies of hermetic reciprocating compressors, based on the numerical simulation model developed. Results presented show the influence of different aspects (geometry, motor, valves, working conditions, etc.) on the basis of the meaningful non-dimensional parameters, which describe the compressor behaviour (volumetric and isentropic efficiency, coefficient of performance, etc.). The idea of this paper is to show the possibilities offered by the simulation model and its final objective, a better understanding of the thermal and fluid dynamic compressor behaviour to improve the design of these equipments.     

壳间连接介质对双层壳声辐射性能的影响

研究了不同壳间连接介质的加筋双层壳的振动声辐射特性.基于Flügge壳体理论和Helmholtz波动方程,求解了双壳体声-流体-结构耦合方程,计算了有限长双层壳体在径向点激励下的声功率和振动速度级.结果表明,水层的耦合作用随频率的增高而降低,托板的耦合作用随频率的增高而增加,托板在内、外壳的振动传递中起着较大的作用.为了减小托板对振动及声辐射的影响,提出了阻尼托板结构,即在托板上添加阻尼材料,对含阻尼托板的圆柱壳声学特性进行了数值研究.结果表明,在中高频段,阻尼有效抑制了振动能量的传递,壳体的辐射声压明显降低,这对水下结构的减振降噪设计具有重要的参考意义.     

Detailed thermodynamic characterization of hermetic reciprocating compressors

The aim of this paper is the detailed analysis of different well-known thermodynamic efficiencies usually used to characterize hermetic compressors. Attention is focussed on the volumetric efficiency, the isentropic efficiency, and the combined mechanical–electrical efficiency. A procedure is presented to detach these efficiencies into their main components (physical sub-processes) to get deeper insight on the overall behavior.The volumetric efficiency is split into partial efficiencies related to pressure drop and heat transfer effects, supercharging effects, superdischarging effects, leakages, etc. The isentropic efficiency is detached using two different points of view: the work associated to the individual sub-processes (compression, discharge, expansion, suction), and the work associated to the underpressures, overpressures, and between the inlet and outlet mean compressor pressures. Finally, the combined mechanical–electrical efficiency is related to the heat transfer losses/gains, and to the exergy transfers and exergy destroyed.Even though some of the concepts introduced in the paper can be applied to different kinds of compressors, the discussion is specially focussed on hermetic reciprocating compressors. An advanced simulation model developed by the authors has been used to generate data to illustrate the possibilities of the detailed thermodynamic characterization proposed. The criteria developed are useful tools for comparison purposes, to characterize compressors, and to assist designers during the optimization process.     

Effects of return vapour temperatures on accessible hermetic compressors

The performance and life of the accessible hermetic compressor are directly influenced by the temperature of the refrigerant vapour entering its suction valve. With a greater attention by engineers and technicians to the control of return vapour temperatures, the output, efficiency and performance can be improved.     

全封闭制冷压缩机技术发展趋势与动态

从政策、市场等需求的角度分析全封闭制冷压缩机的发展趋势,介绍有关的国内外研究现状、一些新的压缩机和新的压缩机结构。     

钢筋混凝土圆柱壳声辐射特性的有限元研究

空气中两端简支支撑的钢筋混凝土加肋壳体的声辐射问题,由于加强钢筋及环肋的作用增加了系统共振频谱的复杂性,用解析的方法解决此类问题存在困难。利用有限元软件ANSYS,分析了内部空气及环肋数量对壳体声辐射特性的影响。计算结果表明,在低频情况下,内部空气对壳体的声辐射特性影响不大,采取合理的加肋措施可降低结构的辐射声压级。     

Parametric resonance of a composite cylindrical shell containing pulsatile flow of hot fluid

Vast literature is available for modeling the coupled fluid structure interaction involving the flow of a pulsatile fluid through pipes/shells under ambient temperature. In contrast it is found that there is no literature on such problems under the influence of temperature. This paper considers the evaluation of dynamic instability regions due to a flow of pulsating hot fluid through an insulated composite cylindrical shell. A coupled fluid structure interaction model in conjunction with uncoupled thermomechanical model is used for analysis. The system's equations of motion containing periodic coefficients are expressed in modal domain considering linear transformation. Fourth order Runge–Kutta method using Gill's coefficient is adopted to compute the state transition matrix which provides the stability information of the periodic system following the Floquet–Liapunov theory. Pulsatile flow of water at various magnitude of steady state temperature is considered and hence the effect of water temperature on the instability regions is analyzed. The influence of lamina fibre angle on the instability regions is also examined.     

Efficiency analysis of power consumption in small hermetic refrigerant rotary compressors

Theoretical and experimental studies of small hermetic rotary compressors for room air conditioners are reported. Comparing rotary and reciprocating compressors from the viewpoint of efficiency, the rotary compressor has a disadvantage of higher friction loss because the sliding surfaces in the compression chamber increase in number, however it has the following three significant features: volumetric efficiency is high; valve loss is low; since suction, compression and discharge are performed simultaneously, suction velocity and discharge velocity become approximately one half. Therefore the efficiency of the rotary compressor is higher than that of the reciprocating compressor.     

双层圆柱壳振动传递及近场声辐射特性研究

水下加筋圆柱壳体振动和声辐射是近年来研究的一个热点问题。文章从实验和数值计算两个方面,对水下加筋双层圆柱壳的振动传递及声辐射进行了研究。实验模型表面敷设了隔声去耦材料,分为四种工况:双壳全敷设、内全敷设、外全敷设、外部分敷设,对单频激振时内外壳体间的振动传递以及各工况下的近场声压进行了分析。结果表明,托板在内外壳的振动传递中起着较大的作用,内外壳全部敷设隔声去耦材料对抑制振动和声辐射最有效。为了减小托板对振动及声辐射的影响,提出了复合托板结构,即在托板上添加方钢结构,并对含复合托板的圆柱壳声学特性进行了数值研究,表明方钢在中高频段能有效降低壳体的振动及声辐射。