共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Andrea GasparellaGiovanni Pernigotto Marco Baratieri Paolo Baggio 《Energy and Buildings》2011,43(9):2509-2517
The reliable estimation of buildings energy needs for cooling is a crucial issue in the implementation of the EPB Directive 2010/31/EU (formerly 2002/91/EC), especially in central and southern Europe climates. On this purpose one of the main topics is to predict the behavior of the opaque envelope subjected to variable boundary conditions. The EN ISO 13786:2007 technical standard assumes sinusoidal boundary conditions and introduces dynamic thermal characteristics.The aim of this paper is to assess the deviation arising by the use of different approaches for the calculation of the dynamic thermal characteristics of an opaque envelope element under periodic non sinusoidal boundary conditions. The EN ISO 13786 procedure has been firstly applied by decomposing the external forcing temperature by means of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. A comparison with different approaches, such as Finite Difference Methods (FDM) and Transfer Function Methods (TFM), has been carried out.The predictions of the EN ISO 13786 with a sinusoidal forcing temperature (i.e., standard approach) have also been assessed, comparing the results to the ones obtained through the FFT analysis. Furthermore, corrections to the periodic thermal transmittance and to the time shift have been proposed, in order to improve the explicative worth of those parameters. 相似文献
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Energy efficiency measures in buildings are essential for climate protection, but are not always recognized by the investor in common profitability calculations. To provide a quantitative scientific base for policymakers, the aim is to identify and quantify the impact of these measures on Germany’s economy with a static open input-output model. Moreover, this investigation analyses how much the chosen base year affects the calculated macroeconomic impact, to obtain a clearer view of involved dynamics. The energy efficiency measures in buildings and their impact on energy demand and investments were simulated in the bottom-up building model INVERT/EE-Lab up to 2020. The methodological addition of this research is to identify and map the resulting impulses to the according macroeconomic sectors. Based on this stimulus a static input-output analysis is conducted using a range of base years. The results show that efficiency measures in buildings have a significant positive effect on macroeconomic key figures. The magnitude of the calculated impact depends on chosen base year data and varies for value added and employment. As a conclusion, the macroeconomic impact constitutes a co-benefit supporting the economic attractiveness of energy efficiency. However, studies based on a single base year dataset like many computable general equilibrium models may need to reflect the errors caused by that choice. 相似文献
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Paris A. Fokaides Christos N. Maxoulis Gregoris P. Panayiotou Marina K.-A. Neophytou Soteris A. Kalogirou 《Energy and Buildings》2011,43(11):3099-3105
The objective of this study is to present a comparison between the measured and the calculated energy performance of dwellings. For this purpose, the energy consumption of ten dwellings is measured for one year. The added value of this work is that it is performed in a summer dominant environment. The energy needs of the same dwellings are also calculated by means of the methodology based on European Standards described in the CEN/TR 15615:2008 technical report. According to the findings of this study, a large gap exists between the calculated and the measured energy consumption of the examined dwellings. In order to evaluate the reasons for this deviation, a detailed analysis of the heating and cooling loads of the dwellings is performed. The intermittent heating of the building is found to be simulated accurately by the employed methodology, whereas the comparison between the calculated and the measured cooling loads reveals a large deviation of about 150%. Based on the findings of this study, a factor of 0.6 should be adopted in the case of cooling schedule, compared to the heating operation of the building. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to assess the consistency of Portuguese thermal building legislation in terms of energy and environmental performance.To illustrate this, a case study has been carried out for different scenarios of a dwelling home located in an extreme climate zone (I3, V1 north) in Portugal with a T3 typology: four occupants and net floor area of 150 m2, modelled according to Regulation Thermal Performance Characteristics of Buildings and a Life Cycle Assessment approach.The results show that the Portuguese thermal building legislation can be considered consistent in terms of energy efficiency and environmental performance if we take the damage categories into account - “human health” or “ecosystem quality” or the impact category - “emission into air”. It cannot be considered consistent if we take the damage category into account - “resources” or the impact category - “CO2 eq” (equivalent carbon dioxide emissions)/“climate change”/“global warming”. 相似文献
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我国广义建筑能耗状况的分析与思考 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
对广义建筑能耗的组成进行分析,并从运行能耗、建材能耗与间接能耗三方面对我国建筑能耗状况进行分析。结果表明,我国广义建筑能耗与全国总能耗呈现很强的线性相关性,广义建筑能耗与全国总能耗的比例约为45.5%。在广义建筑能耗中,运行能耗、建材能耗与间接能耗约占全国总能耗的20%、15%和10.5%,减少建筑运行能耗是建筑节能的关键,但减少建筑材料能耗具有同样重要的意义。 相似文献
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The evaluation of building energy consumption usually requires building energy profiles on an hourly basis. Computer simulations can be used to obtain this information but generating simulations requires a significant amount of experience, time, and effort to enter detailed building parameters. This paper presents a simple methodology to estimate hourly electrical and fuel energy consumption of a building by applying a series of predetermined coefficients to the monthly energy consumption data from electrical and fuel utility bills. The advantage of having predetermined coefficients is that it relieves the user from the burden of performing a detailed dynamic simulation of the building. The coefficients provided to the user are obtained by running EnergyPlus Benchmark Models simulations; thus, the simulation process is transparent to the user. The methodology has been applied to a hypothetical building placed both in Atlanta, GA, and in Meridian, MS, and in both cases, errors obtained for the estimated hourly energy consumption are mainly within 10%. 相似文献
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我国夏热冬暖地区和夏热冬冷地区建筑节能的差异性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文阐述我国夏热冬暖地区和夏热冬冷地区的气候和居住建筑能耗特点,分析建筑围护结构外墙和外窗热工性能对建筑能耗和节能的不同影响,为建筑节能标准的规定值确定提供相应的依据。 相似文献
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着装行为通过影响室内空气参数的设定而影响建筑空调能耗。利用能耗模拟软件DeST,计算出该地区典型着装行为下实测运行参数与期望参数对应的建筑空调能耗比推荐标准下能耗分别降低了10.86%和13.16%。而基于典型着装行为的实验热学性能参数下,平均只降低4%,说明由着装热阻关联的主观温度需要按地区着装行为进行修正。提出了控制建筑空调能耗的着装行为调节模型,着装行为节能率εc为负值时节能,为正值时不节能。京津地区办公建筑节能率为0的临界服装热阻为0.563clo,空调系统设计和运行节能的前提是,着装热阻低于临界值。着装行为调节模型为地区着装形式和着装面料提供了量化标准,为精确控制建筑能耗提供了一种方法。 相似文献
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The evaluation of building energy consumption under typical meteorological conditions requires building energy profiles on an hourly basis. Computer simulations can be used to obtain this information, but generating simulations requires a significant amount of experience, time, and effort to enter detailed building parameters. This paper considers a simple methodology for using existing EnergyPlus benchmark building energy profiles to estimate the energy profiles of buildings with similar characteristics to a given benchmark model. The method utilizes the building monthly energy bills to scale a given benchmark building energy profile to approximate the real building energy profile. In particular, this study examines the robustness of the methodology considered with respect to the parameter discrepancies between a given building and the corresponding EnergyPlus benchmark model used to estimate its profile. Test buildings are defined by perturbing several combinations of the parameters defined in the benchmark building model. The test buildings examined are similar to the EnergyPlus, medium sized office, benchmark building in Baltimore, MD, and a total of 72 distinct test building configurations are examined. The analysis reveals that the methodology can significantly reduce the errors introduced by discrepancies from the EnergyPlus benchmark model. 相似文献
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Aiyin Jiang Yimin Zhu Adel Elsafty Mark Tumeo 《International Journal of Construction Education and Research》2018,14(1):22-45
ABSTRACTMany studies have investigated the impact of global warming on energy consumption. In this study, the morphing method and EnergyPlus (E+) software were used to investigate the impact of climate change on commercial building energy use under the A2 medium-CO2. emission scenario. The study simulated electricity and gas consumption of nine types of commercial buildings in eight cities, representing three climate zones in Florida. The nine types of commercial buildings included apartments, hotels, offices, and schools. The energy simulation results showed the future trends of growth and reduction in electricity and gas consumption for cooling and heating in TMY2 (TMY3), 2020, 2050, and 2080 in the eight selected cities. In general, gas and electricity demands for heating are projected to decrease, and electricity demand for cooling increases, at different rates in various areas of Florida. The study provides guidance for policy‐makers and utility companies as they craft their response to climate change in various regions of Florida. 相似文献
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该文的目的是要解决当前建筑高耗能的问题。研究过程和方法是细致分析规划设计、建筑设计和设备设计中所涉及的要素,提炼归纳出有利于节能的措施和方法。研究的结论是在实践工程设计中综合运用各节能措施,达到相应的节能目的。 相似文献
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The objective of this work is to contribute to the recent standardisation activity, finalized to apply the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). Through the energy assessment of some residential buildings in Turin (Italy), the work investigates the application of the calculation methods that have been specified in the recent European standard for the so-called “standard energy rating”. A comparison of the “calculated energy rating” with the “measured energy rating” is used to investigate the effect of user behaviour and weather conditions. Moreover, in order to draft the energy certificate and make an appropriate classification, the last part of the work investigates the way to find energy reference values of the building stock, through the study of the correlation between the input and the output data of an energy rating and the comparison of the analysed buildings. 相似文献
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Buildings, their surroundings and related enterprises produce more CO2, generate more pollution, consume more energy, and waste more natural resources than any other human enterprise or industry. Moreover, considerable parts of these environmental impacts are the results of the lodging industry [1]. 相似文献
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A systematic procedure to study the influence of occupant behavior on building energy consumption 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhun YuBenjamin C.M. Fung Fariborz Haghighat Hiroshi YoshinoEdward Morofsky 《Energy and Buildings》2011,43(6):1409-1417
Efforts have been devoted to the identification of the impacts of occupant behavior on building energy consumption. Various factors influence building energy consumption at the same time, leading to the lack of precision when identifying the individual effects of occupant behavior. This paper reports the development of a new methodology for examining the influences of occupant behavior on building energy consumption; the method is based on a basic data mining technique (cluster analysis). To deal with data inconsistencies, min-max normalization is performed as a data preprocessing step before clustering. Grey relational grades, a measure of relevancy between two factors, are used as weighted coefficients of different attributes in cluster analysis. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, the method was applied to a set of residential buildings’ measurement data. The results show that the method facilitates the evaluation of building energy-saving potential by improving the behavior of building occupants, and provides multifaceted insights into building energy end-use patterns associated with the occupant behavior. The results obtained could help prioritize efforts at modification of occupant behavior in order to reduce building energy consumption, and help improve modeling of occupant behavior in numerical simulation. 相似文献