不同种类石脑油的裂解产物分布及收率对比分析

为了对乙烯裂解原料进行优选及优化利用,开展了加氢裂化石脑油、煤化工石脑油、直馏石脑油、柴油加氢石脑油、焦化加氢石脑油的热裂解试验,分别对其裂解产物中乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯、甲烷、抽余C_4、裂解液相产物收率进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同种类石脑油的裂解产物分布和收率存在很大差异。如煤化工石脑油、焦化加氢石脑油裂解多产乙烯,加氢裂化石脑油裂解多产丙烯,直馏石脑油裂解丁二烯收率高达6.11%,焦化加氢石脑油的裂解抽余C_4收率低至2.73%,柴油加氢石脑油裂解液相产物占比高。因此,结合裂解产物收率、原料成本及供应以及烯烃市场形势,合理选择石脑油进行裂解并有效利用其裂解液相产物可大幅降低乙烯生产成本、提升石脑油裂解制乙烯的综合竞争力。     

481—3催化剂在裂解汽油加氢装置上的应用

４８１－３催化剂是国内工业生产装置上广泛应用的加氢催化剂，先后用于二次加工汽油生产优质石脑油、催化柴油加氢精制、乙烯裂解汽油加氢精度、焦化同和焦化柴油的加氢精制等都取得了较好的效果，它具有活性高、选择性高、强度高及再生周期长等特点。本文着重介绍４８１－３催化剂首次在裂解汽 油加氢装置上的应用情况，并对国产化的经济效益和神经效益进行分析。     

扩大乙烯生产原料来源的研究

乙烯生产原料除自前普遍使用的石脑油、直馏轻柴油外,胜利油的加氢焦化汽油、加氢焦化柴油,加氢精制蜡油以及缓和加氢裂化尾油都是良好的乙烯生产原料。本文根据大量试验数据,提出了几个乙烯裂解原料路线。     

加氢尾油作USC－16W裂解炉原料的评价及工业运行状况

评价了加氢尾油作ＵＳＣ－１６Ｗ炉裂解原料的可行性，并通过工业试验和实际运行的比较，证明在合适的裂解深度条件下，乙烯的收率比焦化加氢柴油要高。可以作为良好的裂解原料。     

FH-40C催化剂在焦化汽油加氢装置上的应用

为配合汽、柴油质量升级,中石油克拉玛依石化有限责任公司将原450 kt/a汽、柴油加氢装置技术改造为焦化汽油加氢装置,以焦化汽油为原料生产符合催化重整预加氢原料的汽油。装置选择中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发的FH-40C型催化剂。工业应用表明:FH-40C催化剂在焦化汽油加氢应用成功,在压力7.0 MPa、平均反应温度250℃以上的条件下,产品汽油硫质量分数小于30.0μg/g,氮质量分数小于2.5μg/g,有优异的加氢脱硫、脱氮效果。FH-40C催化剂的成功使用进一步拓展了该催化剂的应用范围。     

抚顺加氢页岩油的热解研究

用微型热解设备模拟工业管式裂解炉裂解的典型产物分布、考察了抚顺页岩轻柴油加氢生成油的裂解性能,预测了作为裂解原料的主要轻质烯烃产率,并对其结焦趋向作了估计。主要结论是,经中度加氢的抚顺页岩轻柴油裂解的乙烯产率可比来加氢时提高5％(对原料),丙烯产率可提高3～4％,接近优质的大庆和任丘轻柴油裂解原料水平。并且通过定量检测认为,这种加氢页岩油的结焦倾向也与优质的石油裂解原料相当。此外,还对抚顺页岩油焦化柴油的几种加氢生成油作了类似的评价。     

抚顺加氢页岩油的热解研究

用微型热解设备模拟工业管式裂解炉裂解的典型产物分布、考察了抚顺页岩轻柴油加氢生成油的裂解性能,预测了作为裂解原料的主要轻质烯烃产率,并对其结焦趋向作了估计。主要结论是,经中度加氢的抚顺页岩轻柴油裂解的乙烯产率可比未加氢时提高5%(对原料),丙烯产率可提高3～4%,接近优质的大庆和任丘轻柴油裂解原料水平。并且通过定量检测认为,这种加氢页岩油的结焦倾向也与优质的石油裂解原料相当。此外,还对抚顺页岩油焦化柴油的几种加氢生成油作了类似的评价.     

铂-锡/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上混合油宽馏分重整试验

为筹建一座大型连续重整装置以适应我国北方地区汽、柴油改质要求,我们以二次加工汽油(加氢汽油、热裂化及加氢焦化汽油)为主,混合少量直馏汽油为原料,用铂-锡/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂进行宽馏分重整试验.可以获得高辛烷值汽油,且液体收率也高.副产氢气可以用于焦化柴油等馏分油的加氢精制与加氢裂化.     

胜利焦化汽、柴油混合加氢精制汽油馏份作重整原料

我国炼厂重整装置目前都以窄馏份为原料,以制取轻芳烃,但普遍存在着重整原料不足的问题。为了扩大催化重整原料来源,根据生产及设计部门的要求,我们进行了胜利焦化汽、柴油混合加氢精制试验,目的是考察加氢后汽油馏份作重整原料的可能性。     

混合劣质柴油加氢改质试验研究

以镇海纯催化裂化柴油和催化裂化柴油混兑焦化柴油、加氢处理柴油、渣油加氢柴油以及直馏柴油为原料进行加氢改质试验,考察了不同种类混合劣质柴油对加氢改质产物分布及产品质量的影响。结果表明:在催化裂化柴油中混兑焦化柴油、加氢处理柴油、渣油加氢柴油以及直馏柴油进行加氢改质,可以有效降低精制段所需温度和装置氢耗,优化产物分布以及提高产品质量。在催化裂化柴油中混兑直馏柴油进行加氢改质,得到的重石脑油产品收率为34.8%,芳烃潜含量为65.88%,改质柴油产品收率为56.9%,柴油十六烷指数达到55以上。在实际生产中催化裂化柴油混兑直馏柴油进行加氢改质可有效提高装置经济效益。     

Properties and Chemical Composition of Typical Coker Gas Oil

The coker gas oil from Daqing, Shengli, and Liaohe, which are three famous oil fields in China, are studied. The properties, chemical composition, and structural composition of coker gas oil from Daqing, Shengli, and Liaohe saturated hydrocarbon are analyzed. The results show that nitrogen and sulfur content in Daqing coker gas oil is the lowest, and saturated hydrocarbon content is the highest, and Daqing coker gas oil is the most easily processed raw material, and Liaohe coker gas oil mediates between two raw materials, but Shengli coker gas oil is the most difficult to process. By comparing with vacuum gas oil and nitrogen, sulfur content and carbon residue in the coker gas oils is higher and saturated hydrocarbon content is lower. Shengli coker gas oil is a somewhat inferior raw material. The factor of effecting on the processing and use of coker gas oil are analyzed, and the processing ways of coker gas oil are put forward.     

Properties and Chemical Composition of Typical Coker Gas Oil

Abstract

The coker gas oil from Daqing, Shengli, and Liaohe, which are three famous oil fields in China, are studied. The properties, chemical composition, and structural composition of coker gas oil from Daqing, Shengli, and Liaohe saturated hydrocarbon are analyzed. The results show that nitrogen and sulfur content in Daqing coker gas oil is the lowest, and saturated hydrocarbon content is the highest, and Daqing coker gas oil is the most easily processed raw material, and Liaohe coker gas oil mediates between two raw materials, but Shengli coker gas oil is the most difficult to process. By comparing with vacuum gas oil and nitrogen, sulfur content and carbon residue in the coker gas oils is higher and saturated hydrocarbon content is lower. Shengli coker gas oil is a somewhat inferior raw material. The factor of effecting on the processing and use of coker gas oil are analyzed, and the processing ways of coker gas oil are put forward.     

Coker gasoline as a hydrogen donor for FCC

To convert Light cycle oil (LCO) with low hydrogen content into more light fraction such as low-carbon olefins and gasoline during the catalytic cracking reaction, it is necessary to replenish hydrogen in LCO. In this paper, the effects of hydrogenation and hydrogen donors on the catalytic cracking performance of LCO were investigated. The pilot test results show that coker gasoline as a hydrogen donor can inhibit the free radical reaction and reduce the dry gas yield as well as inhibit condensation reaction and reduce coke yield. For refineries that need to purchase hydrogen from abroad, coker gasoline can be used as a hydrogen donor for LCO, which is an ideal method for hydrogen supplementation. At the same time, in the case of sufficient hydrogen source for the refineries, hydrogenation of LCO is a better means of hydrogen replenishment.     

焦化油品微旋流脱焦粉实验研究

焦化油品(包括焦化汽油、焦化柴油和焦化蜡油等)通常不同程度携带焦粉,20μm以下焦粉难以脱除,严重影响下游装置正常生产。笔者设计了25 mm液-固微旋流分离器,考察微旋流除焦粉分离性能,并与理论计算值对比。结果表明,微旋流器分离焦粉的分离效率随着流量增加先上升后下降,并存在最优分流比;在进口焦粉颗粒平均粒径为25 μm、流量为0.86 m³/h、分流比为5%时,分离效率在92%以上,分割粒径为6μm,适用于含焦粉焦化油品的分离净化。在旋流器的高效工作区,采用平衡轨道模型和停留时间模型计算的分割粒径值均比较接近实验值,而在小流速时偏差较大。     

Composition and Properties of Chinese Coker Gas Oil

The composition and properties of China coker gas oil are analyzed and studied. The factors of effecting on the reaction of coker gas oil and measures that should be adopted are discussed. Research results show that China coker gas oil contains 86.04-86.87% C and 11.96-13.72% H, with an H/C atom ratio of 1.7. China coker gas oil contains 51.1-68.3% of saturated hydrocarbon, 24.8-37.4% of aromatic hydrocarbon, 5.7-11.5% resin and no asphalt. The aromatic carbon rate is 14-20% and alkyl carbon rate is 58-71%. The total cycle number R_T is 2.1-2.5 and the aromatic cycle number R_A is 0.8-1.3, with R_A/R_N slightly more than 1. The nitrogen contents of China coker gas oil is a bit high, which is more than 0.35%, so denitrogen should be taken into account to enhance the blending ratio of coker gas oil in FCC feed.     

Composition and Properties of Chinese Coker Gas Oil

Abstract:

The composition and properties of China coker gas oil are analyzed and studied. The factors of effecting on the reaction of coker gas oil and measures that should be adopted are discussed. Research results show that China coker gas oil contains 86.04–86.87% C and 11.96–13.72% H, with an H/C atom ratio of 1.7. China coker gas oil contains 51.1–68.3% of saturated hydrocarbon, 24.8–37.4% of aromatic hydrocarbon, 5.7–11.5% resin and no asphalt. The aromatic carbon rate is 14–20% and alkyl carbon rate is 58–71%. The total cycle number R _T is 2.1–2.5 and the aromatic cycle number R _A is 0.8–1.3, with R _A /R _N slightly more than 1. The nitrogen contents of China coker gas oil is a bit high, which is more than 0.35%, so denitrogen should be taken into account to enhance the blending ratio of coker gas oil in FCC feed.     

焦化蜡油脱氮精制-催化裂化组合工艺研究

介绍了焦化蜡油脱氮精制-催化裂化组合工艺的实验室研究情况.该工艺采用研制的脱氮用精制剂,该精制剂为一种酸性络合剂,能选择性脱除焦化蜡油中的碱性氮化物,精制后油的收率97%以上.研究结果表明,在一定条件下,焦化蜡油脱氮精制前后的催化裂化产品收率表现出明显差异,精制后焦化蜡油催化裂化液化石油气、汽油和柴油三项收率之和比未精制油高10个百分点以上;焦化蜡油(25%)与直馏蜡油(75%)的混合油催化裂化时,焦化蜡油精制后的混合油催化裂化液化石油气、汽油和柴油三项收率之和比未精制油高近4个百分点.     

掺炼焦化蜡油对催化裂化反应性能的影响

以减压蜡油掺炼焦化蜡油为原料,在小型固定流化床实验装置上考察了焦化蜡油掺炼比对催化裂化(FCC)反应性能的影响。结果表明:焦化蜡油掺炼比每增加1个百分点,FCC反应转化率约降低0.7个百分点,重油收率约增加0.7个百分点;随着焦化蜡油掺炼比的增加,液化气和汽油收率下降,干气收率上升,柴油和焦炭收率均先增大后减小,且在焦化蜡油掺炼比为20%时,柴油和焦炭收率均达到峰值。     

焦化蜡油络合脱氮技术

在焦化蜡油中加入WLDN-5脱氮剂,采用络合脱氮工艺,在温度为85～90℃,时间为30 min的条件下,可制备碱氮含量较低的焦化蜡油。结果表明,当脱氮剂加入质量分数为1.50%时,焦化蜡油的碱氮含量由1 256μg/g降低到178μg/g,脱氮率达到85.83%;将其与未脱氮蜡油相比,前者总液收率提高3.01个百分点,汽油烯烃体积分数降低3.88个百分点,马达法辛烷值和研究法辛烷值分别提高0.37,0.30个单位。     

降低焦炭塔操作压力对焦化过程的影响

考察了降低焦炭塔操作压力对延迟焦化过程的影响。中试结果表明：在炉出口温度、注汽量、循环比等操作条件基本一致的情况下,当焦炭塔的操作压力由0.195MPa降低到0.115MPa时,气体和焦炭的产率降低,液体产品收率提高且表现在焦化蜡油收率的提高上,二者分别提高了2.03百分点和4.64百分点;随着操作压力的降低,焦化汽油和焦化柴油的性质基本一致,但焦化蜡油性质变差,主要表现在密度、残炭、沥青质、氮含量及金属等均有所升高,95%馏出温度提高14℃;石油焦的挥发分呈降低趋势。