Energy and angular distribution of recoil proton of fast neutron in scintillation fiber： a simulation study

Due to their low cost,big reaction cross-section with neutrons,flexibility,and convenience for long distance data transfer,plastic scintillation fibers (PSF) have been increasingly used as detectors or sensors for high-energy neutron radiography.In this paper,Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation tool was used to obtain some chalacteristics of energy and angular distributions of recoil protons in plastic scintillation fibers irradiated by fast neutrons.The plastic fiber with BCF-20 as the core and an acrylic outer cladding was used in the simulation.The results show that there is a big range of energy and angular distribution of recoil protons in energies varying inversely with the recoil angle.     

Monte-Carlo simulation to determine detector efficiency of plastic scintillating fiber

1 Introduction The plastic scintillating fiber (PSF) has many applications in different fields such as particle trackingin high-energy particle physics, calorimeters, etc., buusing PSF as an imaging detector is the main goal othis research. Therefore, we selected 10~400 keVmono-energy electromagnetic radiation that is used inmedical and non-medical imaging (e.g. non destructive testing). Some scintillation characteristics of plastic scintillating optic fiber have been discover…     

闪烁光纤在快中子辐照下部分特性的蒙特卡罗模拟

采用蒙特卡罗方法对闪烁光纤在快中子辐照下的特性进行了研究。利用Geant4模拟计算得到了快中子照射下,闪烁光纤中的能量沉积效率与光纤长度、半径及入射中子能量的变化曲线,同时对量子效率随上述参数的变化关系进行了模拟分析。研究结果表明选择合适尺寸的闪烁光纤和入射中子能量对于快中子成像技术具有重要的意义,并为实际测量工作中的参数选择提供了的理论指导。     

薄膜和纤维塑料闪烁体中子能响特性的Monte Carlo数值计算

根据中子与塑料闪烁体的作用机制及塑料闪烁体的荧光转换特性,研究了塑料闪烁体薄膜和塑料闪烁体纤维中子能响特性的Monte Carlo数值计算方法,给出了不同厚度的塑料闪烁体薄膜和不同直径的塑料闪烁体纤维对裂变能区中子的灵敏度计算结果,并对计算结果及其在电流型坪响应裂变中子探测器方面可能的应用进行了初步探讨。     

Monte-Carlo simulation for determining SNR and DQE of linear array plastic scintillating fiber

1 Introduction Radiation imaging detector can be designed ineither one or two dimension. Each kind of them has itsown advantages and disadvantages. One of the advan-tages of linear array detectors is its less effects ofscattering and crosstalk between pixels. These twoeffects are very important to make an image with highor low quality. This is the main reason for choosinglinear array in our research. So these effects can be shown in contrast andspatial resolution, which are crucial…     

基于塑料闪烁体光纤阵列的中子探测系统设计

为了能探测高能中子,获得中子能谱信息,设计了一套基于塑料闪烁体光纤和多路复用技术的中子探测系统。利用梯度尺寸结构的阵列化探头感应中子入射的能量和方向。多路复用数据采集及读出单元接收探测器输出信号并产生触发信号,经处理后上传给上位机。数据采集及读出系统通过以太网实现实时通信。上位机程序基于LabWindows/CVI软件平台开发,实现数据读取与保存以及采集系统运行状态参数信息的实时显示。通过中子模拟源进行了现场测试,结果表明,设计的中子探测系统满足设计要求,能实现中子能量与入射方向的测量。     

Ionizing and non-ionizing kerma factors in silicon for China Spallation Neutron Source neutron spectrum

The quantification of ionizing energy deposition and non-ionizing energy deposition plays a critical role in precision neutron dosimetry and in the separation of the displacement damage effects and ionizing effects induced by neutron radiation on semiconductor devices. In this report, neutrons generated by the newly built China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) are simulated by Geant4 in semiconductor material silicon to calculate the ionizing and non-ionizing kerma factors. Furthermore, the integral method is applied to calculate neutron-induced ionizing at the CSNS and non-ionizing kerma factors according to the standard neutron nuclear database and the incident neutron spectrum. In addition, thermoluminescence dosimeters are utilized to measure the ionizing energy deposition and six series of bipolar junction transistors are used to measure the non-ionizing energy deposition based on their neutron damage constants. The calibrated kerma factors that were experimentally measured agreed well with the simulation and integral calculation results. This report describes a complete set of methods and fundamental data for the analysis of neutron-induced radiation effects at the CSNS on silicon-based semiconductor devices.     

Geant4在中子辐射效应中的应用

中子辐射效应是半导体器件在辐射环境中损伤的重要因素。本文建立了中子在半导体材料中的电离和非电离能量沉积、原子空位密度的Geant4模拟方法。电离能量沉积可用于分析电离总剂量效应,非电离能量沉积可用于分析位移损伤效应。电离kerma因子的模拟结果定量解释了中子辐照在CMOS工艺单片机中引起的电离增强效应。通过原子空位密度计算了中子引入的附加陷阱密度,分析了位移损伤对电离效应的增强作用。实验和模拟结果表明,中子的电离能量沉积加剧了CMOS工艺单片机的退化。     

Some characteristics of X-ray imaging for energy region of over 100 keV using plastic scintillation fiber array

In this work, characteristics of using PSFs （plastic scintillation fibers） coupled with CCD （charge-coupled devices ） to build area detectors for high energy X-ray imaging are studied with a Monte Carlo simulation, which cover an energy range of a few hundred keV to about 20 MeV. It was found that the efficiency of PSF in detecting X-ray with energy above a few hundred keV is low. We can use large incident flux to increase the output signal to noise ratio （SNR）. The performance can also be improved by coating PSF with X-ray absorption layers and the MTF of the system is presented. By optimizing the absorption layer thickness, the crosstalk of the area detector built with PSF decreases.     

方形闪烁光纤阵列出射荧光特性数值模拟

为对方形塑料闪烁光纤阵列的出射荧光特性进行分析,利用Geant4蒙特卡罗程序包将中子在闪烁光纤阵列中的能量沉积弥散过程和荧光（E≤100eV）在光纤内部的传播过程进行耦合输运模拟。分析14MeV中子入射点的位置对荧光强度分布的影响,找出计算闪烁光纤阵列调制传递函数的1个等效点。讨论了荧光强度分布、荧光收集效率与角分布之间的关系。以5cm厚闪烁光纤阵列为例,讨论了闪烁光纤阵列的调制传递函数和平板闪烁体的能量沉积分布函数、抽样函数之间的关系。结果表明,闪烁光纤阵列的调制传递函数近似可用平板闪烁体的能量沉积分布函数经函数rect(x,y)抽样后的结果作二维傅里叶变换得到。     

用LAHET和MCNP程序研究散裂中子靶的中子学性能

利用LAHET和MCNP程序对ADS散裂中子靶进行模拟计算。因靶的基本物理性质随束流和靶形状的变化而改变,所以首先评估了源强和靶的几何形状对靶性质的可能影响,然后计算长1.2m、直径为0.6m的圆柱形液态铅靶在1GeV质子轰击下,靶内中子的产生和泄漏及能量的沉积等。与文献数据、实验数据进行了比较,符合良好。计算结果还表明:源强和几何的选择对中子产生和泄漏可产生较大影响;用液态铅作散裂靶时,中子产额和泄漏额较高,且泄漏能谱在可利用范围内,但能量沉积在靶中的分布极不均匀,这可能给传热带来问题。     

一种能量响应一致的长计数器蒙特卡罗设计

为了有效降低长计数器中子探测能量下限并解决5 MeV以上能量响应急剧下降的问题,利用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP5分析了长计数器各结构参数对能量响应的影响。通过使用不同含氢量的慢化体、添加中子吸收材料及添加补偿材料相结合的方法,优化设计了一种长计数器。结果表明：使用含氢量较低的中子慢化材料聚苯乙烯可提高低能中子能量响应;采用Cd作为中子吸收材料可解决能量响应局部过高的问题;采用Pb作为补偿材料可提高高能中子能量响应。设计优化的长计数器在1 eV～15 MeV能量范围内能量响应最大相对偏差约为10.1%。     

基于3层硅探测器的主动式中子个人剂量计研制

研制了一种具有能量分辨能力的中子个人剂量计。该个人剂量计由3层硅探测器组成,硅探测器周围装有⁶LiF、聚乙烯和含硼聚乙烯作为转化体、慢化体和吸收体。个人剂量计有直读和解谱两种工作模式。直读模式将中子能区划分为低能、中能和快中子3个能区,可实时测量。解谱模式可获得快中子能区的中子能量分布。利用GEANT4程序模拟了7 MeV γ射线的能量沉积谱,设置适当的甄别域以降低γ射线的影响。采用GEANT4程序模拟了个人剂量计对不同能量入射中子的个人剂量当量率响应。在加速器单能中子参考辐射场中完成了单能中子剂量响应的实验校准,对模拟计算的响应函数进行了实验修正,并得出了不同能区的平均中子个人剂量当量率响应。     

Some emission characteristics of scintillating fibers for lowenergy X and γ-rays

The characteristics of plastic scintillating fibers (PSF) are measured for X and γ photons in the energy range 5 keV to 1.5 MeV. It is shown that a very thin (50 μm) slit can be recorded with an array of very thin fibers having 50 μm diameter so that the main interaction mechanism is photoelectric absorption, instead of Compton scattering for low energy X-rays. The optical light attenuation, global efficiency and energy resolution have been measured for a system composed of 1 mm diameter fibers and a photomultiplier. An X-ray beam position detector is realized, using an intensified camera, allowing a 4% precision on the position. The effect of bending the fiber is also evaluated     

Two-dimensional X-ray imaging using plastic scintillating fiber array

Due to its low cost, flexibility and convenience for long distance data transfer, plastic scintillation fiber （PSF） have been increasingly used in building detectors or sensors for detecting various radiations and imaging. In this work, the performance of using PSF coupled with charge-coupled devices （CCD） to build area detectors for 2D X-ray imaging is studied. We describe the experimental setup and show the obtained images from CCD. Modulation Transfer Function （MTF） of the PSF array is also presented and compared to earlier reports.     

AB-BNCT中子靶物理设计分析

质子加速器适用于为硼中子俘获治疗提供中子源,其中子源强及能谱较反应堆中子源更具可调性。中子靶物理计算分析是加速器中子源设计的基础,为其提供粒子能量、流强等参数需求分析,并为靶体结构尺寸设计、中子慢化和屏蔽分析等提供前端参数。本文利用MCNPX蒙特卡罗程序,通过对质子打靶的中子产额和能谱、靶体能量沉积、打靶后靶材放射性活度和中子出射空间角分布等进行研究,提出能量2.5 MeV质子轰击100～200 μm锂靶的设计,并用模拟计算数据论证其合理性。该设计中子源在1 mA流强质子轰击下,源强可达9.74×10¹¹ s^-1;拟设计15 mA、2.5 MeV质子束产生的中子源,在治疗过程中靶材放射性活度累积最大值约为1.44×10¹³ Bq。     

Development of Fiber Optic Radiation Monitor using Plastic Scintillation Fibers

We have developed a radiation monitor by using plastic scintillation fibers (PSF), which we call the fiber optic radiation monitor. For wide-area radiation monitoring, the detection part needs to be longer, therefore we have produced a prototype monitor by combining the PSF and the silica fiber for optical propagation.

In this paper we first explain the characteristics when silica fiber of 100 m long is connected to the PSF. We found that in this case, the position resolution would drop. In order to determine the cause, we observed the aspects of optical pulse propagation. It was found that the light is transmitted through the silica fiber and is detected at fiber end as single photons, and the resolution deteriorated due to the difference in the propagation path of each of photons.

We next explain the prototype fiber optic radiation monitor with a detection length of 20 m and a total length of 60 m, and its performance.     

隐藏爆炸物检测装置快中子辐照安全分析

为推广隐藏爆炸物检测装置在反恐领域的应用,对快中子辐照炸药、食品及药品的安全性进行了分析。通过蒙特卡罗方法建立了装置的快中子辐照炸药安全性评估模型。通过能量沉积计算及炸药起爆机理分析可知,快中子辐照炸药不会产生爆炸的危险。采用剂量分析法对快中子辐照食品及药品的安全性进行了分析,结果表明,在隐藏爆炸物检测装置的快中子辐照条件下,食品及药品的辐照剂量在国家和国际限定的标准内,快中子辐照食品及药品的安全性是可接受的。     

Image quality evaluation of linear plastic scintillating fiber array detector for X-ray imaging

It is important to assess image quality, in order to ensure that the imaging system is performing optimally and also identify the weak points in an imaging system. Three parameters mostly leading to image degradation are contrast, spatial resolution and noise. There is always a trade-off between spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio,but in scintillating fiber array detectors spatial resolution is not as important as signal to noise ratio, so we paid more attention to contrast and SNR of the system. By using GEANT4 Monte Carlo detector simulation toolkit, some effective parameters of the linear plastic scintillating fiber（PSF）array as an imaging detector were investigated. Finally we show that it is possible to use this kind of detector to take CT and DR (Digital Radiography) image under certain conditions.     

硼铝复合材料热中子屏蔽性能分析

硼铝复合材料因制备工艺简单,力学性能良好,原材料价格低廉等诸多优点被广泛研究,并被用作诸多领域的热中子吸收材料。本文采用理论计算、MCNP软件模拟、实验测量等多种方法对硼铝复合材料的热中子屏蔽性能进行了评估分析。通过理论计算发现,对于相同配比的硼铝复合材料,从材料的热中子吸收性能方面,添加硼单质的效果优于添加碳化硼。通过MCNP程序模拟计算和实验测量发现,硼铝复合材料对能量低于10^-7 MeV的中子吸收效果比较显著。