外商直接投资与中国经济增长的实证分析

本文在简单回顾我国利用外商直接投资历程的基础上,运用我国1987—2007年度的外商直接投资和经济增长数据进行了时间序列的平稳性检验,协整检验和因果关系检验并建立了误差修正模型;结果表明：我国经济增长与外商直接投资之间存在长、短期稳定的正向关系。     

浅析外商直接投资对我国经济的影响及对策

外商直接投资在对中国经济发展做出巨大贡献的同时,其负面效应日益凸现.反思外资所带来的负面影响,提出了相应对策.     

我国将放宽企业境外直接投资限制

中国国家外汇管理局资本项目司司长邹林2月28日表示，中国将放宽对国内企业境外直接投资的限制，允许企业利用借贷资金、人民币购汇等方式进行对外投资。 他表示，外管局将继续深化境外投资外汇管理制度改革，出台新修订的《境内机构对外直接投资外汇管理规定》。     

浅析外商在华投资独资化对我国经济的积极影响

改革开放以来，我国外商在华投资独资化越来越明显，特别是在中国加入世界贸易组织以后，独资化倾向表现的更为突出，独资企业的数目和投资金额遥遥领先。外商在华投资纷纷选择成立独资企业，并且越来越多的合资、合作企业开始通过增资扩股达到独资的目的。跨国公司为何倾向于建立独资企业或改合资合作企业为独资，这种现象对中国的经济的增长、中国企业的发展等诸多方面有哪些影响？国家和国内企业应如何调整自己的战略方针以消减外商独资化带来的负面效应？这些都是值得思考的问题，本文拟对外商在华投资独资化给我国经济带来的积极影响进行阐述。     

金融危机下FDI的转移成因分析

自改革开放以来,大量涌入的外商直接投资必定会对我国的对外贸易带来巨大的影响。本文首先对有关外商直接投资的经典理论进行简单阐述,进而给出我国利用外商直接投资的情况,以及FDI的转移成因分析,重点探索外商直接投资对我国经济发展的积极及消极影响,并在文章最后给出实施建议。     

外商在我国直接投资的区位选择分析

本文以外商在我国直接投资时的区位选择作为研究对象,从理论上系统分析了外商在我国直接投资时的各种影响因素,并用统计分析的方法对这些因素进行实证检验,并对此提出了相关的政策建议。     

从代工到品牌创新战略——长三角地区制造业的产业升级

问题的提出从改革开放初到2005年止,中国共吸收外商直接投资近6000亿美元,外商直接投资对GDP的贡献超过40％。有大约50多万家外资企业在中国制造产品,这其中除了一部分是以瞄准中国市场为目标外,大部分在长三角地区加工组装产品,以满足国外订单的出口为主。主要不是中国自己的本土企业而是外商直接投资的大量进入使中国逐步变成了世界的“制造中心”,或者说成了以加工贸易为主的进出口基地。     

谈代建工程的投资控制

为使政府投资代建项目达到良好的社会和经济效应，基于投资控制管理是一个动态过程，定位于前期决策阶段、设计阶段、招投标及施工阶段和竣工结算阶段进行探讨。     

政府投资项目投资Pontryagin连续和离散控制模型

结合政府投资项目的特点,针对政府投资项目投资控制的难点、重点,从Pontryagin连续、离散最优控制模型角度对政府投资控制进行定量研究.通过引入投资流的概念,在一定假设条件下建立起最优控制模型,采用庞特里亚金最小值原理对模型求解.通过举例,表明经过该方法优化后的投资方案不仅投资总额得到节省,而且业主的投资流更为平稳,有利于业主筹集资金以保障项目的顺利实施,从而为政府投资项目的前馈控制创造了条件.     

国家将支持有条件企业对外直接投资

国家外汇管理局副局长魏本华在2007年12月22日“第四届中国经济增长与经济安全战略论坛”上表示，2008年将有序拓宽对外投资渠道，满足境内机构和个人的合理投资需求，大力支持、实施走出去的战略，完善境外投资促进体系，支持有条件的企业对外直接投资和跨国经营，逐步扩大合格境内投资者的投资规模，稳妥、有序、可控的放宽个人对外投资。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...