青岛建国内最大海水淡化厂

青岛市是我国北方严重缺水的沿海城市之一。青岛海水直接利用一直居全国前列,目前海水直接利用总量每年达到10多亿t,主要用作工业冷却水。     

针对单一流股的多种冷却方式优化选择

在化工过程中,冷却工艺物流需要用到空冷、水冷等冷却设备。空冷和水冷等不同冷却方式的最适冷却温度段不同。空冷更适合较高温度流股的冷却,水冷更适合较低温度流股的冷却。对单一流股采用干式空冷器、喷淋式空冷器和循环冷却水系统等方式进行分段冷却,能够有效降低操作费用。利用MATLAB编程获取冷却流股所需要的年操作费用,并与采用单一冷却方式的年操作费用进行比较。本文工作对冷却方式选择具有现实意义。     

干式直接空冷系统在大型煤化工装置的应用

大唐国际多伦46万t/a煤基烯烃装置由于地理位置等原因,换热设备采用了干式直接空冷系统。结合空冷系统区别于其他冷却系统的特点以及我国许多大型煤化工项目所面临的水资源短缺及环境保护等问题,进一步阐述了干式直接空冷系统未来的应用优势和广阔的应用空间。     

化工装置空冷和水冷应用对比和选择

分析说明水冷、各种空冷的型式和应用特点,对水冷、直接空冷、间接空冷大规模应用于乏汽冷却进行技术经济性对比,提出在不同水资源条件下大规模冷却选择的方式,并指出在化工装置中的工艺余热冷却中,空冷有巨大的应用潜力。     

直接空气冷凝汽器在凝气式汽轮机上的应用

介绍了直接空冷在天津石化100万t/a连续重整装置增压机汽轮机上的应用,分析了直接空冷的运行效果及存在问题,为其他石化装置应用空冷作为冷凝器提供借鉴。     

我国海水冷却标准发展现状及应用

介绍了我国海水冷却标准发展现状,按照海水利用标准发展计划提出的海水冷却标准体系框架,对当前我国海水冷却行业已发布标准和正在制定的标准进行归纳梳理和总结分析。目前我国海水冷却标准仍然存在着标准制订滞后于工程技术发展、企业标准管理体系不健全以及标准化应用示范工程较少等问题。因此,加速海水冷却标准的应用推广应重视海水冷却标准的宣贯和实施、提升海水冷却标准化服务能力,并鼓励企业积极参与海水冷却标准的制订。     

基建电厂空冷系统冲洗阶段冲洗水量优化

目前国内空冷火电机组分为直接空冷和间接空冷。间接空冷分为哈蒙式间接空冷和海勒式混合间接空冷。由于空冷方式用空气直接冷却汽轮机排汽或用空气冷却循环水再间接冷却汽轮机排汽构成了密闭的系统,所以在理论上它没有循环冷却水的上述各种损失,从而使电厂的全厂总耗水量降低80%左右。3种空冷方式在国际上都得到广泛的应用,技术均成熟可靠。     

常减压蒸馏装置减顶板式空冷入口多点注水技术

常减压蒸馏的减压塔顶注水措施,更多的是满足工艺防腐的需要,减缓减顶空冷、冷凝器等设备和管线的结垢和腐蚀问题.针对常减压蒸馏减压塔顶采用三级板式空冷冷却抽真空技术,板式空冷翅片内部易结盐,换热效率降低,夏季温度过高,外部喷淋效果有限,导致减压塔真空度下降.通过技术分析和实践论证,在恰当的位置设置注水点,采用分段多点注水的...     

催化裂化装置低温热系统的优化

青岛石化有限公司通过对全厂的低温热系统进行合理化布局,将顶循与20万吨/年气分装置进行热联合,充分降低1.0 MPa蒸汽的消耗;优化调整柴油换热流程,大大降低了贫吸收油进空冷的温度,节约空冷E208的电耗;优化调整一中油换热流程,E218由一中/热水换热改为一中/原料换热,大大提高了油浆的温度,从而提高V501和V502的发汽量。顶循替代20万吨/年气分利用低压蒸汽加热,节约蒸汽用量为3.5 t/h。改造E218换热器,使油浆蒸汽发生器V502多发蒸汽3.1 t/h。     

论述汽轮机直接空冷系统的设备与管道布置

汽轮机排汽空冷系统在节约水资源方面的效果很好,分为直接空冷系统和间接空冷系统。直接空冷系统可以直接对排汽进行冷却,使其变为凝水;而间接空冷系统是先将乏汽冷凝,然后再进行冷却。直接空冷系统较间接空冷系统可以更好、更快、更安全的进行工作,随着社会的不断发展,科技的不断进步,直接空冷技术也在不断的发展和进步,当前已成为应用比较广泛的排汽空冷系统。汽轮机排汽空冷系统对机组来说至关重要,它可以决定机组能否安全稳定的运行,因此主要就是对汽轮机排汽空冷系统的设备与管道布置进行的探讨。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.