青岛建国内最大海水淡化厂

青岛市是我国北方严重缺水的沿海城市之一。青岛海水直接利用一直居全国前列,目前海水直接利用总量每年达到10多亿t,主要用作工业冷却水。     

针对单一流股的多种冷却方式优化选择

在化工过程中,冷却工艺物流需要用到空冷、水冷等冷却设备。空冷和水冷等不同冷却方式的最适冷却温度段不同。空冷更适合较高温度流股的冷却,水冷更适合较低温度流股的冷却。对单一流股采用干式空冷器、喷淋式空冷器和循环冷却水系统等方式进行分段冷却,能够有效降低操作费用。利用MATLAB编程获取冷却流股所需要的年操作费用,并与采用单一冷却方式的年操作费用进行比较。本文工作对冷却方式选择具有现实意义。     

干式直接空冷系统在大型煤化工装置的应用

大唐国际多伦46万t/a煤基烯烃装置由于地理位置等原因,换热设备采用了干式直接空冷系统。结合空冷系统区别于其他冷却系统的特点以及我国许多大型煤化工项目所面临的水资源短缺及环境保护等问题,进一步阐述了干式直接空冷系统未来的应用优势和广阔的应用空间。     

化工装置空冷和水冷应用对比和选择

分析说明水冷、各种空冷的型式和应用特点,对水冷、直接空冷、间接空冷大规模应用于乏汽冷却进行技术经济性对比,提出在不同水资源条件下大规模冷却选择的方式,并指出在化工装置中的工艺余热冷却中,空冷有巨大的应用潜力。     

直接空气冷凝汽器在凝气式汽轮机上的应用

介绍了直接空冷在天津石化100万t/a连续重整装置增压机汽轮机上的应用,分析了直接空冷的运行效果及存在问题,为其他石化装置应用空冷作为冷凝器提供借鉴。     

海水-混合冷剂换热器设计关键技术研究

海水-混合冷剂换热器是应用在LNG-FPSO装置、利用海水冷却混合冷剂的换热设备.该换热器采用管壳式结构,为避免腐蚀,与海水接触部位采用钛材.为实现强化传热、减小换热器尺寸,换热管采用内波外螺纹高效钛管,并引用双螺旋折流板结构,采用优化的螺旋角和螺距,有效降低制造成本,实现LNG-FPSO设备紧凑型要求,填补了国内空白...     

我国海水冷却标准发展现状及应用

介绍了我国海水冷却标准发展现状,按照海水利用标准发展计划提出的海水冷却标准体系框架,对当前我国海水冷却行业已发布标准和正在制定的标准进行归纳梳理和总结分析。目前我国海水冷却标准仍然存在着标准制订滞后于工程技术发展、企业标准管理体系不健全以及标准化应用示范工程较少等问题。因此,加速海水冷却标准的应用推广应重视海水冷却标准的宣贯和实施、提升海水冷却标准化服务能力,并鼓励企业积极参与海水冷却标准的制订。     

基建电厂空冷系统冲洗阶段冲洗水量优化

目前国内空冷火电机组分为直接空冷和间接空冷。间接空冷分为哈蒙式间接空冷和海勒式混合间接空冷。由于空冷方式用空气直接冷却汽轮机排汽或用空气冷却循环水再间接冷却汽轮机排汽构成了密闭的系统,所以在理论上它没有循环冷却水的上述各种损失,从而使电厂的全厂总耗水量降低80%左右。3种空冷方式在国际上都得到广泛的应用,技术均成熟可靠。     

常减压蒸馏装置减顶板式空冷入口多点注水技术

常减压蒸馏的减压塔顶注水措施,更多的是满足工艺防腐的需要,减缓减顶空冷、冷凝器等设备和管线的结垢和腐蚀问题.针对常减压蒸馏减压塔顶采用三级板式空冷冷却抽真空技术,板式空冷翅片内部易结盐,换热效率降低,夏季温度过高,外部喷淋效果有限,导致减压塔真空度下降.通过技术分析和实践论证,在恰当的位置设置注水点,采用分段多点注水的...     

催化裂化装置低温热系统的优化

青岛石化有限公司通过对全厂的低温热系统进行合理化布局,将顶循与20万吨/年气分装置进行热联合,充分降低1.0 MPa蒸汽的消耗;优化调整柴油换热流程,大大降低了贫吸收油进空冷的温度,节约空冷E208的电耗;优化调整一中油换热流程,E218由一中/热水换热改为一中/原料换热,大大提高了油浆的温度,从而提高V501和V502的发汽量。顶循替代20万吨/年气分利用低压蒸汽加热,节约蒸汽用量为3.5 t/h。改造E218换热器,使油浆蒸汽发生器V502多发蒸汽3.1 t/h。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.