粒子群优化神经网络的交通事件检测算法研究

为减少交通事件引起的交通延误,提出一种基于粒子群优化神经网络的交通事件检测算法;首先,利用车载激光测距仪和GPS设备作为实验平台,采集了反映路段车辆占有率及车辆运行速度特征的交通参数;其次,利用粒子群(PSO)算法训练随机产生的初始化数据,优化BP神经网络连接权值和阈值;最后,将PSO优化后的BP神经网络作为分类器进行交通事件的自动分类和检测;试验中比较了PSO神经网络算法、BP神经网络算法和经典算法对交通事件的检测效果,PSO神经网络算法在事件检测率(DR)、平均检测时间(MTTD)方面均优于其他目标算法;结果显示,粒子群优化的神经网络算法用于交通事件检测提高了检测性能。     

基于tlPSO-SVM模型的肿瘤进展预测

为研究患者肿瘤进展情况与各项指标之间的关系,以支持向量机(SVM)作为分类模型,根据各项检查指标预测肿瘤进展情况。设计三层粒子群优化算法(tlPSO)对SVM模型进行参数寻优,使用训练集建立分类模型,利用测试集评估模型性能,得到tlPSO-SVM模型。tlPSO算法能有效降低陷入局部最优解的机率,获取全局最优参数,从而使模型具有最优的分类性能。将血常规、中医症候、FACT评分等指标作为输入,肿瘤进展情况作为分类输出,建立分类模型并进行预测。实验结果表明,tlPSO-SVM模型准确率较高,具有较好的分类性能。     

基于KPCA和CIPSO-PNN的煤与瓦斯突出强度辨识模型

为了实现对煤与瓦斯突出强度等级的准确辨识,提出将核主成分分析( KPCA)和改进概率神经网络相结合,建立煤与瓦斯突出的强度辨识模型。根据煤层条件和生产条件,确定影响煤矿瓦斯突出的相关基础参数并对其进行测定,采用KPCA对该参数集进行降维处理,提取出可以表征煤与瓦斯突出的敏感参数作为辨识模型的输入值。利用混沌免疫粒子群算法( CIPSO)优化概率神经网络(PNN)的σ参数,以克服PNN中平滑参数σ单一而导致的分类错误,避免了人为因素的影响,提高辨识模型的精度。实例分析结果表明,相比BP、PNN、PSO￣PNN等方法,该方法对煤与瓦斯突出强度进行辨识,结果更为准确。     

基于ABC-PSO的ε-SVM在甲烷测量中的应用

针对红外甲烷传感器在工业现场测量时易受到温度、湿度以及类似气体等非目标变量的影响,提出了一种基于人工蜂群和粒子群混合优化算法(ABC-PSO)的支持向量机模型(ABC-PSO-ε-SVM)对其进行校正.将ABC算法与PSO算法并行组合构成混合优化算法,能够感知非目标变量的变化,快速、准确地搜索到SVM参数.实验中,采用红外甲烷传感器对0％～5.05％浓度的16组标准甲烷气体进行测量,将其中11组数据作为训练集,5组数据作为测试集,建立e-SVM回归校正模型并进行预测.结果表明:模型的回归拟合效果好,预测精度比单一优化算法的SVM模型高.     

一种基于PSO/GSVM的入侵检测模型研究

本文提出一种将粒子群优化算法(PSO)和灰色支持向量机(GSVM)结合起来的入侵检测方法。利用灰色关联分析理论处理原始数据,消除冗余属性,减少训练样本,克服支持向量机收敛速度慢的缺点。对处理后的数据集使用SVM建立分类模型,但在求解最优分类超平面时使用粒子群优化算法,以提高检测速度和检测效率。最后,利用KDDcup1999数据集进行仿真实验,结果表明该模型能有效提高分类质量。     

改进神经网络模型对通信网可靠性的预测

首先利用一种改进后的粒子群算法对BP神经网络权值的选取进行优化,然后以LAN/WLAN集成网络为背景,用三种方法（BP神经网络、改进PSO算法优化后的BP神经网络、SVM）建立了LAN/WLAN集成网络可靠性的预测模型,最后通过实验比较,证明了改进后的神经网络模型预测通信网的可靠性、有效性和优越性。     

基于混合模型的中国人名自动识别

本文提出了一种支持向量机(SVM)和概率统计模型相结合的中国人名自动识别方法。该方法首先按字抽取特征向量的属性得到训练集,采用多项式核函数建立SVM人名识别模型,然后在特征空间中计算测试样本到SVM最优超平面的距离,当该距离大于给定的阈值时使用SVM对测试样本进行分类,否则使用概率统计方法。实验表明,采用混合模型,对样本在空间的不同分布使用不同的方法可以取得比单独使用SVM或概率统计更好的分类效果,系统开式综合指标F-值比单纯使用支持向量机方法提高了1.51%。     

基于改进的Adaboost算法的交通事件自动检测

针对交通领域中的事件检测(无事件模式和事件模式)模式识别问题,提出了一种基于改进的Adaboost算法的交通事件检测方法。阐述了Kohonen神经网络的结构与训练算法,分析了事件对交通流的影响规律,并合理地选取了Kohonen神经网络的输入量;最后采用改进的Adaboost算法对分类结果进行加权投票。仿真实验表明,提出的方法学习速度快、泛化能力好,对交通事件具有较好的检测效果。     

G-CNN模型在浓雾天气形势识别中的应用

天气形势图特征分类是实现浓雾智能在线预报的关键因素之一，为了探索高效、正确的天气形势图分类模型，一种基于方向滤波器的深度卷积神经网络（Gabor-Convolutional Neural Network，G-CNN）模型被提出，模型通过训练已建立的浓雾天气形势图-雾型关系数据集，建立形势图纹理特征与雾型之间非线性映射关系进而实现天气形势图智能化识别。G-CNN模型：利用Gabor滤波器对输入的天气形势图纹理特征进行强化；利用2个卷积-池化层及2个全连接层的CNN架构拟合天气形势图与雾型之间的映射关系。利用江苏地区2010至2016年浓雾天气形势图-雾型关系数据集，从中随机取样70%作训练集，余下30%样本作为测试集的情形下，训练、测试建立的模型，并针对3个惯用的评价指标：准确率（Probability of Detection，POD）、虚警率（False Alarm Rate，FAR）及临界成功指数（Critical Success Index，CSI）对模型进行评价。试验结果显示POD、FAR及CSI分别为0.86、0.11及0.77，指标值表明模型具有高度的有效性和正确性。     

基于改进PNN模型的人体健康监测方法

远程人体健康监测分析呈现滞后性、不准确性、设备昂贵等特点,因此难以实现实时、准确的人体健康监测分析。通过对人体健康监测方法和概率神经网络(PNN)的研究,将具有调节参数少、收敛速度快和保证获得贝叶斯最优解等优点的PNN应用于人体健康监测。但是PNN的缺点是未考虑不同类别模型之间的重叠和交错,以及当训练样本不满足假定条件时无法确定是否存在相应的PNN模型。针对这两个缺点,分析了径向基神经网络(RBNN)和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)的网络拓扑结构和优势,创新性地提出在PNN结构的模式层中引入RBNN结构,以及在PNN结构的输出层中引入GRNN结构,得到了一种新的径向基-广义回归-概率混合神经网络(RBF-GR-PMNN),从而满足实时、准确监测人体健康状况的要求。进行了RBF-GR-PMNN与一般PNN的对比试验。试验分别从准确率和运行时间等方面进行对比分析。试验结果证明了改进PNN在这些方面均优于一般PNN,进一步表明了RBF-GR-PMNN模型的有效性。     

Construct support vector machine ensemble to detect traffic incident

This study presents the applicability of support vector machine (SVM) ensemble for traffic incident detection. The SVM has been proposed to solve the problem of traffic incident detection, because it is adapted to produce a nonlinear classifier with maximum generality, and it has exhibited good performance as neural networks. However, the classification result of the practically implemented SVM depends on the choosing of kernel function and parameters. To avoid the burden of choosing kernel functions and tuning the parameters, furthermore, to improve the limited classification performance of the real SVM, and enhance the detection performance, we propose to use the SVM ensembles to detect incident. In addition, we also propose a new aggregation method to combine SVM classifiers based on certainty. Moreover, we proposed a reasonable hybrid performance index (PI) to evaluate the performance of SVM ensemble for detecting incident by combining the common criteria, detection rate (DR), false alarm rate (FAR), mean time to detection (MTTD), and classification rate (CR). Several SVM ensembles have been developed based on bagging, boosting and cross-validation committees with different combining approaches, and the SVM ensemble has been tested on one real data collected at the I-880 Freeway in California. The experimental results show that the SVM ensembles outperform a single SVM based AID in terms of DR, FAR, MTTD, CR and PI. We used one non-parametric test, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, to make a comparison among six combining schemes. Our proposed combining method performs as well as majority vote and weighted vote. Finally, we also investigated the influence of the size of ensemble on detection performance.     

基于概率神经网络的高速公路事件检测

针对高速公路事件检测这一非线性分类问题,提出一种基于概率神经网络的事件检测方法。阐述了概率神经网络的结构与训练算法,分析了事件对交通流的影响规律,并合理地选取了概率神经网络的输入量,用高速公路管理部门提供的样本数据进行了仿真研究。仿真实验表明,基于概率神经网络的事件检测方法具有学习速度快、泛化能力好、检测准确率高等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于粗糙集和支持向量机的高速公路事件检测

针对目前高速公路事件检测算法存在的局限性,提出基于粗糙集理论和支持向量机的高速公路事件检测算法。在介绍粗糙集理论和支持向量机原理的基础上,给出了检测算法的实现方法,并用Matlab对多种算法进行了仿真和性能对比。仿真结果表明,基于粗糙集理论和支持向量机的事件检测算法具有检测准确率高,训练时间短,泛化能力好等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

Polynomial neural networks architecture: analysis and design

In this study, we introduce and investigate a class of neural architectures of Polynomial Neural Networks (PNNs), discuss a comprehensive design methodology and carry out a series of numeric experiments. Two kinds of PNN architectures, namely a basic PNN and a modified PNN architecture are discussed. Each of them comes with two types such as the generic and the advanced type. The essence of the design procedure dwells on the Group Method of Data Handling. PNN is a flexible neural architecture whose structure is developed through learning. In particular, the number of layers of the PNN is not fixed in advance but becomes dynamically meaning that the network grows over the training period. In this sense, PNN is a self-organizing network. A comparative analysis shows that the proposed PNN are models with higher accuracy than other fuzzy models.     

Implementing automated diagnostic systems for breast cancer detection

This paper intends to an integrated view of implementing automated diagnostic systems for breast cancer detection. The major objective of the paper is to be a guide for the readers, who want to develop an automated decision support system for detection of breast cancer. Because of the importance of making the right decision, better classification procedures for breast cancer have been searched. The classification accuracies of different classifiers, namely multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), combined neural network (CNN), probabilistic neural network (PNN), recurrent neural network (RNN) and support vector machine (SVM), which were trained on the attributes of each record in the Wisconsin breast cancer database, were compared. The purpose was to determine an optimum classification scheme with high diagnostic accuracy for this problem. This research demonstrated that the SVM achieved diagnostic accuracies which were higher than that of the other automated diagnostic systems.     

Hybridization of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) with probabilistic neural networks (PNNs)

Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models are one of the most important time series models applied in financial market forecasting over the past three decades. Improving forecasting especially time series forecasting accuracy is an important yet often difficult task facing forecasters. Both theoretical and empirical findings have indicated that integration of different models can be an effective way of improving upon their predictive performance, especially when the models in the ensemble are quite different. In the literature, several hybrid techniques have been proposed by combining different time series models together, in order to yield results that are more accurate. In this paper, a new hybrid model of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and probabilistic neural network (PNN), is proposed in order to yield more accurate results than traditional ARIMA models. In proposed model, the estimated values of the ARIMA model are modified based on the distinguished trend of the ARIMA residuals and optimum step length, which are respectively obtained from a probabilistic neural network and a mathematical programming model. Empirical results with three well-known real data sets indicate that the proposed model can be an effective way in order to construct a more accurate hybrid model than ARIMA model. Therefore, it can be used as an appropriate alternative model for forecasting tasks, especially when higher forecasting accuracy is needed.     

Implementing automated diagnostic systems for breast cancer detection

This paper intends to an integrated view of implementing automated diagnostic systems for breast cancer detection. The major objective of the paper is to be a guide for the readers, who want to develop an automated decision support system for detection of breast cancer. Because of the importance of making the right decision, better classification procedures for breast cancer have been searched. The classification accuracies of different classifiers, namely multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), combined neural network (CNN), probabilistic neural network (PNN), recurrent neural network (RNN) and support vector machine (SVM), which were trained on the attributes of each record in the Wisconsin breast cancer database, were compared. The purpose was to determine an optimum classification scheme with high diagnostic accuracy for this problem. This research demonstrated that the SVM achieved diagnostic accuracies which were higher than that of the other automated diagnostic systems.     

基于支持向量机的高速公路事件检测算法

针对高速公路事件检测算法的重要性,从高速公路交通流的特点出发,根据事件检测的基本原理,对基于支持向量机的高速公路事件检测算法进行研究。设计了2个实验,在每个实验中分别设计了基于线性不可分支持向量机（SVM）、高斯径向基核函数、双曲线正切核函数的事件检测算法,以此验证算法是否有效。利用林智仁教授的Libsvm工具箱参数优化模块对各实验的惩罚参数C和核参数进行优化选择。仿真结果表明：针对不同的实验,选择合适的SVM模型和核函数,可获得比California算法更好的性能指标。     

Enhancing prototype reduction schemes with LVQ3-type algorithms

Various prototype reduction schemes have been reported in the literature. Foremost among these are the prototypes for nearest neighbor (PNN), the vector quantization (VQ), and the support vector machines (SVM) methods. In this paper, we shall show that these schemes can be enhanced by the introduction of a post-processing phase that is related, but not identical to, the LVQ3 process. Although the post-processing with LVQ3 has been reported for the SOM and the basic VQ methods, in this paper, we shall show that an analogous philosophy can be used in conjunction with the SVM and PNN rules. Our essential modification to LVQ3 first entails a partitioning of the respective training sets into two sets called the Placement set and the Optimizing set, which are instrumental in determining the LVQ3 parameters. Such a partitioning is novel to the literature. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed enhancement yields the best reported prototype condensation scheme to-date for both artificial data sets, and for samples involving real-life data sets.     

深度学习在糖尿病视网膜病变分级中的应用

近年来,糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)成为全球失明人口增加的主要原因,早期的DR严重程度分级对防止DR患者视力丧失尤为重要.由于糖尿病患者数量的逐年上升, DR分级的需求量也不断增加,然而传统的人工分级不能满足日益增长的需求,且人工分级耗时费力.深度学习技术的发展,为DR检测和分级提供了高效率且更可靠的手段.虽然,目前的DR二元检测已经取得十分好的效果,然而由于糖尿病视网膜病变的复杂性和病变程度之间的差距细微, DR严重程度分级仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题.本文对近年来涌现的DR分级方法进行了研究和总结:介绍了基于VGG、InceptionNet、ResNet、EfficientNet、DenseNet、CapsNet模型的6种深度学习分级方法;并介绍了基于多网络融合的DR分级方法;最后对基于深度学习的DR分级方法的研究趋势进行总结和展望.