A novel adaptive sliding mode control with application to MEMS gyroscope

This paper presents a new adaptive sliding mode controller for MEMS gyroscope; an adaptive tracking controller with a proportional and integral sliding surface is proposed. The adaptive sliding mode control algorithm can estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients in real time. A proportional and integral sliding surface, instead of a conventional sliding surface is adopted. An adaptive sliding mode controller that incorporates both matched and unmatched uncertainties and disturbances is derived and the stability of the closed-loop system is established. The numerical simulation is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme offers several advantages such as the consistent estimation of gyroscope parameters including angular velocity and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbances.     

Robust adaptive control for a MEMS vibratory gyroscope

This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode controller for a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory z-axis gyroscope. The proposed adaptive sliding mode controller can real-time estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients. The stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed with the proposed adaptive sliding mode control strategy. The numerical simulation for MEMS gyroscope is investigated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control scheme offers several advantages such as real-time estimation of gyroscope parameters and large robustness to parameter variations and external disturbance.     

MEMS gyroscope control using a novel compound robust control

This paper proposes a new compound fractional order integral terminal sliding mode control (FOITSMC) and proportional-derivative control (PD-FOITSMC) for the control of a MEMS gyroscope. In order to improve the robustness of the conventional integral terminal sliding mode control (ITSMC), a fractional integral terminal sliding mode surface is applied. The chattering problem in FOITSMC, which is usually generated by the excitation of fast un-modelled dynamic is the main drawback. A PD controller is employed in order to eliminate chattering phenomenon. The stability of the PD-FOITSMC is proved by Lyapunov theory. The performance of the proposed control method is compared with two other controllers such as ITSMC and FOITSMC. Numerical simulations clearly verified the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.     

Sliding mode control of a simulated MEMS gyroscope

The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are penetrating more and more into measurement and control problems because of their small size, low cost, and low power consumption. The vibrating gyroscope is one of those MEMS devices that will have a significant impact on the stability control systems in transportation industry. This paper studies the design and control of a vibrating gyroscope. The device has been constructed in a Pro-E environment and its model has been simulated in the finite-element domain in order to approximate its dynamic characteristics with a lumped model. A model reference adaptive feedback controller and the sliding mode controller have been considered to guarantee the stability of the device. It is shown that the sliding mode controller of the vibrating proof mass results in a better estimate of the unknown angular velocity than that of the model reference adaptive feedback controller.     

基于随机平均法的MEMS陀螺自适应控制设计

利用随机平均法对MEMS(微机电系统)陀螺驱动和敏感模态进行了分析,研究了MEMS陀螺的自适应控制设计,使陀螺工作在调谐驱动和力平衡闭环检测状态.该设计能够实现陀螺的恒定幅度和固定频率谐振驱动、驱动和敏感模态匹配,抵偿由刚度耦合引起的正交误差信号,使敏感模态振动在零位平衡位置,提高陀螺动态范围和灵敏度.结合实际陀螺参数,利用MATLAB软件对陀螺自适应设计方案进行了仿真,并设计了驱动模态的调试电路,仿真和调试结果验证了理论分析的可行性.     

高Q值微机电陀螺的快速起振控制

针对高Q值微机电陀螺的快速起振问题,研究其驱动轴控制方法。分析了高Q值谐振器的振动相位随频率的变化率,阐明了锁相环方案启动时间长且对初始频率偏差敏感的原因。用平均法推导了自激振荡方案下起振初始阶段振幅随时间的变化规律。提出了"自激-锁相"驱动轴控制方案,先采用自激振荡方式使陀螺快速起振,再转为锁相环方式使振动频率精确稳定。经实验测试,采用锁相环方案,当初始频率偏差在±10 Hz以内,陀螺的启动时间为2s;采用自激-锁相方案,只要初始频率偏差在±1 000Hz以内,陀螺均可在0.3s内达到频率误差小于0.01%,在0.4s内达到振幅误差小于0.1%。"自激-锁相"方案大幅度缩短了陀螺的启动时间,而且对陀螺初始频率的设置偏差不敏感,对环境温度变化的适应性好,适用于微机电陀螺的批量生产。     

基于模型参考自适应控制的直线电机位置控制

针对直线电机的强非线性和时变特性,采用模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)方法对SISO直线电机闭环位置控制器进行了研究。利用偶极子对消建立了简化的永磁直线电机二阶数学模型,提出了基于局部参数最优化MIT(梯度)方案和全局稳定性理论的Lyapunov方案下的二阶直线电机位置模型参考自适应控制器,并对自适应控制器下的直线电机闭环系统稳定性进行了分析研究。在相同的前馈加反馈的控制器下,对这两种方案下的实验结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,基于Lyapunov第二方法设计的二阶控制器比MIT方法下的二阶控制器更能实现对三阶点到点轨迹输入信号的快速响应和跟踪,证实了直线电机位置自适应控制的有效性。     

分数阶模型参考自适应控制的Matlab设计

介绍了分数阶模型参考自适应控制算法的Matlab实现。利用Oustaloup算法设计了simulink仿真结构图,并进行了仿真研究。通过参数选择可以取得比用传统控制更好的控制效果,仿真实例也验证了该控制的有效性。该控制系统具有较快的响应时间,较小的超调量以及很好的鲁棒性。     

模型参考自适应滑模控制方法在前向像移补偿中的应用

为了提高航空相机的飞行分辨率,提出了一种基于模型参考自适应的滑模控制方法。用模型参考自适应算法对时变系统参数进行在线辨识,并改变滑模控制器的控制参数。采用基于衰减控制的变速趋近律作切换函数,加快系统收敛速度,减小切换过程中的抖动。实验结果表明,同PID控制方法相比较,模型参考自适应滑模控制方法将速度补偿误差降低了60%,相应地将航空相机的飞行分辨率提高了2倍。因此,基于此方法的前向像移补偿系统可提高速度跟踪精度和鲁棒性,对时变干扰力矩具有较强的抑制能力。     

Distributed model reference adaptive containment control of heterogeneous uncertain multi-agent systems

In this paper, a distributed model reference adaptive control (MRAC) design framework is proposed for containment control of heterogeneous uncertain multi-agent systems (MAS). Both groups of leaders and followers are considered to have general linear dynamics with the leaders subject to bounded external inputs and the followers subject to uncertain system dynamics. Two distributed adaptive control protocols are developed under this framework. The first protocol assumes measurable leaders’ input signals for a subset of the followers, and employs distributed observers with state-feedback adaptive controllers to achieve exact containment control performance. The second protocol incorporates robust adaptive control with nonlinear compensator techniques to handle a more challenging scenario of unmeasurable bounded leaders’ inputs. Convergence of the containment control errors to an arbitrarily adjustable neighborhood of the origin is guaranteed with the second protocol. The proposed MRAC framework provides a promising alternative solution over the prevailing cooperative output regulation framework for heterogeneous linear MAS containment control. It enables us to handle more general system settings under more stringent control environments with limited accessibility of leaders’ information and uncertain follower dynamics. Effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approaches are demonstrated through extensive simulation studies, including an application to containment control of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots.     

基于参考模型的珩磨机往复位置自适应控制

通过简要介绍珩磨加工的基础上,建立其往复运动数学模型及其参考模型系统,然后利用MATLAB工具对控制系统进行仿真分析.结果表明采用参考模型自适应控制方法能够使珩磨头往复换向位置与参考模型一致,同时超调量也有所减小,能够很好地满足控制系统的性能指标,并具有一定的抗干扰能力.     

Regulated model-based and non-model-based sliding mode control of a MEMS vibratory gyroscope

Control of MEMS vibratory gyros and angular rate estimation form the challenging problem which is the focus of this paper. To this end, the model-based and non-model-based sliding model control (SMC) approaches are presented, and a chattering elimination method called regulated SMC (RSMC) is invoked to improve tracking control of the drive and sense modes of the uncertain vibratory gyroscope. The force-balancing method is employed to estimate the unknown rotation rate and quadrature error term using two desired trajectories for conventional mode with the same amplitude and different frequencies. Finally, effectiveness of the regulated model-based and non-model-based SMC scheme even in the presence of significant uncertainties is demonstrated through simulations.     

神经网络模型参考自适应控制在污水处理中的仿真研究

污水处理厂目前广泛使用序批式活性污泥法处理污水.该方法是一种复杂动态生物反应过程,难以建立准确的数学模型,同时采用常规的PID控制难以达到较好的控制品质.针对以上问题,该文提出了RBF神经网络模型参考自适应控制策略,利用神经网络辨识器对污水处理模型进行辨识,使神经网络控制器不依赖被控对象精确的数学模型.仿真结果表明,该...     

A multi-target tracking algorithm for application to adaptive cruise control

This paper presents a Multiple Target Tracking (MTT) Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system which consists of three parts; a multi-model-based multi-target state estimator, a primary vehicular target determination algorithm, and a single-target adaptive cruise control algorithm. Three motion models, which are validated using simulated and experimental data, are adopted to distinguish large lateral motions from longitudinally excited motions. The improvement in the state estimation performance when using three models is verified in target tracking simulations. However, the performance and safety benefits of a multi-model-based MTT-ACC system is investigated via simulations using real driving radar sensor data. The MTT-ACC system is tested under lane changing situations to examine how much the system performance is improved when multiple models are incorporated. Simulation results show system response that is more realistic and reflective of actual human driving behavior.     

基于BP神经网络的模型参考自适应PID控制器的研究

基于BP神经网络误差的传播机制,探讨建立在BP神经网络基础上的模型参考自适应控制与传统的PID控制相结合的控制方法,控制器通过在线的自学习不断进行适应性控制,以保证系统的输出符合期望的性能要求。用MATLAB软件仿真后表明,该方法具有方法简单,实时跟踪误差,易于实现等优点。     

A novel Kalman filter for combining outputs of MEMS gyroscope array

In this paper, a Kalman filter for combining outputs of a gyroscope array is presented to improve the accuracy of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope. A theoretical mathematical model for the accuracy improvement is described. Especially, a discrete-time filter is designed by solving the covariance differential equation with an analytic solution. Performances of presented filter are analyzed by the simulations. Finally, a developed system consisting of six-gyroscope array is implemented to test the performance of the Kalman filter. The experimental results showed a noise density of 0.03°/s/√Hz for the combined rate signal compared to the 0.11°/s/√Hz for the individual gyroscope in the array. The analysis of results measured from Allan variance demonstrated a bias instability of 17.2°/h and angular random walk of 1.6°/√h, whereas the corresponding values for the individual gyroscope is 62°/h and 6.2°/√h, respectively. It proved that the presented approach is effective to improve the MEMS gyroscope accuracy.     

Speed sensorless model predictive current control of doubly-fed induction machine drive using model reference adaptive system

This paper presents a speed sensorless control scheme named as finite control set-model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) using a modified fictitious ohmic quantity (R) based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for grid-connected doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM) drive. The variables of the reference model of this speed sensorless scheme (R-MRAS) are represented in stationary reference frame while those for the adaptive model are denoted in synchronously rotating reference frame. The sensorless formulation thus obtained is completely independent of any stator/rotor resistance terms. The scheme is also devoid of any stator/rotor flux estimation. Moreover, the intuitiveness of FCS-MPCC brings in additional flexibility in comparison to the conventional control techniques like field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). The overall scheme demonstrates faster execution time than FOC/DTC based control of DFIM drive. The proposed control algorithm is simulated and tested for limited speed range application in MATLAB/Simulink. The validation of simulation results are further done by experimentation on a dSPACE-1103 based DFIM laboratory setup.     

双质量块调谐输出式硅MEMS陀螺仪的理论计算及仿真

提出了一种双质量块调谐输出式硅MEMS陀螺仪.采用两块反相、同频、等幅振动质量块作为敏感单元,通过测量谐振器谐振频率变化来计算转速的大小.推导了哥氏力与输人转速的传递函数,用瑞利-里茨法求得在轴向力作用下梁的固有频率方程,利用马蒂厄方程分析了双端音叉谐振器的运动数学表达式及陀螺仪标度因数方程.ANSYS分析表明:谐振器固有谐振频率为4.043 1×106Hz;在谐振器端部施加1×105Pa预载荷后,谐振频率偏移量为20.7 kHz.仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性.该陀螺仪减少了振动噪声及能量损耗,消除了外界共模加速度引起的误差.     

Multi-model direct adaptive decoupling control with application to the wind tunnel system

In this paper, a new multi-model direct adaptive decoupling controller is presented for multivariable processes, which includes multiple fixed optimal controllers, one free-running adaptive controller, and one re-initialized adaptive controller. The fixed controllers provide initial control to the process if its model lies in the corresponding region. For each controller selected, the re-initialized adaptive controller uses the values of this particular controller to improve the adaptation speed. This controller may replace the fixed controller at a later stage according to the switching criterion which is to select the best one among all controllers. A free-running adaptive controller is also added to guarantee the overall system stability. Different from the multiple models adaptive control structure proposed in Narendra, Balakrishnan, and Ciliz [Adaptation and learning using multiple models, switching, and tuning. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 15, 37-51 (1995)], the method not only is applicable to the multi-input multi-output processes but also identifies the decoupling controller parameters directly, which reduces both the computational burden and the chances of a singular matrix during the process of determining controller parameters. Several examples for a wind tunnel process are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.     

Model reference adaptive control for a piezo-positioning system

Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators having the characteristic of infinitely small displacement resolution are popularly applied as actuators in precision positioning systems. Due to its nonlinear hysteresis effect, the tracking control accuracy of the precision positioning system is difficultly achieved. Hence, it is desirable to take hysteresis effect into consideration for improving the trajectory tracking performance. In this paper, a model reference adaptive control scheme based on hyperstability theory is developed for a moving stage system driven by a PZT actuator. It is worth emphasizing that the controller can be constructed without a nonlinear hysteresis dynamic equation to compensate the hysteresis effect. According to simulation results, the tracking error was only nanometer order. Through experimental examinations, the tracking performance was obtained as precision as ten nanometers order which is the resolution limitation of the measurement system. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme was validated.