PGU-230 steam-gas unit design for combined cycle operation at the Heller thermal power plant

The major equipment in the PGU-230 steam-gas unit at the Heller thermal power plant (Hungary) and its technical characteristics are described. The technologies for startup of the power production system of the steam-gas unit and for switching it from a steam-gas unit cycle to open cycle operation of the steam-gas unit and vice versa are discussed. The regulatory range of the power generation system and its maneuverability characteristics are determined.     

Experience in the operation of the T-150-7.7 LMZ steam turbine under the conditions of the PGU-450 flow diagram

Results of five years of operation of a double-pressure cogeneration steam turbine T-150-7.7 under the conditions of the PGU-450T flow diagram at the North-West Cogeneration Plant in the condensing mode from the beginning of service of the power unit in December 2000 are analyzed. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 10, October 2005, pp. 56–61.     

Heat Characteristics of V94.2 Gas-Turbine Units Operating at the PGU-450T Combined-Cycle Plant of the North-West Cogeneration Plant of St. Petersburg

Tests of V94.2 gas-turbine units (GTU) of the first PGU-450T plant of the North-West Cogeneration Plant of St. Petersburg are described. The parameters of the GTU and the regular features of their variation are determined in a wide range of operating conditions from idle running to full load. The GTU are characterized by high pressure losses in a cycle, high values of specific power and yield factor, and low concentrations of toxic gases in combustion products at operating modes ranging from 50% load to full load. Quite high efficiencies of the turbomachines are obtained under conditions close to the design ones. The maximum power of 173 MW is attained at a temperature of –10°C and GTU efficiency of 34.5%.     

Thermal Characteristics of CCPP-110 and its Equipment

Power Technology and Engineering - The steam-power equipment of PGU-110 combined-cycle power unit of the Pregolskaya Thermal Power Plant is described. The procedure and conditions of the thermal...     

90-MW single-shaft power generating steam-gas unit based on the GTÉ-65 gas turbine and K-30-60 steam turbine

This is an examination of a variant of the monoblock PGU-90 steam-gas unit developed at the “Leningradskii Metallicheskii Zavod” (LMZ) branch of “Silovye mashiny” based on a GTé-65 gas turbine unit and a K-30-60 steam turbine employing a synchronous release clutch with an overall useful power at the generator of 90 MW. The kinematic and thermal systems and the basic technical characteristics of this version of the PGU-90 are discussed, and the oil-supply system and structural features of the major equipment in the unit — the gas turbine, steam turbine, turbine generator, reducer, boiler-utilizer, and release clutch — are described. The proposed variant of a combination of thermal power production equipment is built using basic designs with minimal further development for these joint operating conditions.     

Connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating first one under the conditions of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants with two gas-turbine units and one steam turbine

Problems arising with connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the first exhaust-heat boiler under load in the case of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants of type PGU-450 are considered. Similar problems exist for two-boiler single-turbine units of type PGU-325 and for two-boiler single-turbine units of traditional steampower plants with an output of 200–300 MW upon connection of the second furnace of a two-furnace boiler to the operating first furnace. Analysis of the temperature-induced stressed state and of the cyclic strength of thick-walled elements of the steam-water conduit of PGU-450 and of two-furnace boilers of two-boiler single-turbine units with an output of 200–300 MW (the check valve, the inlet header of the water economizer) is used for determining the steam temperature differences in the high-pressure conduits to the steam turbine and the order of connection of the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating fist one. Modes of enabling a two-boiler single-turbine unit of a combined-cycle plant, which are most “rigid” from the standpoint of thermal strength, are determined. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 11–17.     

Dynamic Characteristics of the PGU-450T Northwest St. Petersburg Combined-Cycle Cogeneration Plant

A controlled mathematical model of CCP dynamics for on-line study of the reaction of CCP component parts to the actions of control and protection devices is presented. The model makes it possible to work out the modes of load variation, startups and shutdowns, and emergency behavior of CCP. Much attention is devoted to waste-heat boilers that tie the GT and the steam turbine and determine the start-stop characteristics of the unit.     

Introduction of centrifugal-jet sprayers in the deaeration systems of the PGU-39 steam-gas units at the Sochi thermal power plant

The operation of various types of deaeration systems is analyzed and experience with introducing centrifugal-jet sprayers in the condenser and deaeration towers of boiler drums is described.     

Results of heat tests of the TGE-435 main boiler in the PGU-190/220 combined-cycle plant of the Tyumen’ TÉTs-2 cogeneration plant

Special features of operation of a boiler operating as a combined-cycle plant and having its own furnace and burner unit are descried. The flow of flue gases on the boiler is increased due to feeding of exhaust gases of the GTU into the furnace, which intensifies the convective heat exchange. In addition, it is not necessary to preheat air in the convective heating surfaces (the boiler has no air preheater). The convective heating surfaces of the boiler are used for heating the feed water, thus replacing the regeneration extractions of the steam turbine (HPP are absent in the circuit) and partially replacing the preheating of condensate (the LPP in the circuit of the unit are combined with preheaters of delivery water). Regeneration of the steam turbine is primarily used for the district cogeneration heating purposes. The furnace and burner unit of the exhaust-heat boiler (which is a new engineering solution for the given project) ensures utilization of not only the heat of the exhaust gases of the GTU but also of their excess volume, because the latter contains up to 15% oxygen that oxidizes the combustion process in the boiler. Thus, the gas temperature at the inlet to the boiler amounts to 580°C at an excess air factor α = 3.50; at the outlet these parameters are utilized to T _out = 139°C and α_out = 1.17. The proportions of the GTU/boiler loads that can actually be organized at the generating unit (and have been checked by testing) are presented and the proportions of loads recommended for the most efficient operation of the boiler are determined. The performance characteristics of the boiler are presented for various proportions of GTU/boiler loads. The operating conditions of the superheater and of the convective trailing heating surfaces are presented as well as the ecological parameters of the generating unit. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 12, December 2006, pp. 26–32.     

Computational and experimental test of self starting regimes for the in-house needs of the PGU-450 steam-gas unit at the Kaliningrad TÉTs-2 Heating and Power Plant during supply disruptions

The major stages of a computational test of the self starting regimes for the in-house needs of unit No. 1 of the 450 MW steam-gas unit at the Kaliningrad TéTs-2 Heating and Electric Power Plant during supply disruptions are described. The results of an experimental test of five regimes are described and compared with the computational data. The results are analyzed. Recommendations are made for changes in the automatic reserve switching algorithms for the 6-kV sections, which, when realized, will ensure easier self startup for the mechanisms providing for in-house needs during supply disruptions. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 4, April 2008, pp. 46–55.     

电网实行接网费和过网费探讨

本文简要介绍了英国电网实行接网费和电网使用费的情况，结合我国国情提出了电网接网费、过网费的定义及过网费在电厂和供电公司的分配方法，分析了接网费、过网费与各种电价之间的关系，以及实施接网费、过网费对电力系统资源优化配置和建立电网投资费用正常回收渠道的作用     

双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置设计与优化

为了降低海洋能源发电装置的发电成本、提升发电效率,研制了一种新型的双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置。采用经验算法和Fluent软件分别对装置的发电机、叶片、双向轴流泵和导流罩进行了设计优化。通过对安装20 W电机和200 W电机发电装置的水槽试验,分析了在不同工况和负载下,发电装置输出的直流电流值、直流电压值、发电功率以及获能效率。结果显示,波浪力能够直接驱动装置叶轮运转进行发电,不需经过中间环节转换,省去了二级发电损耗,在最低流速0.5 m/s的工况下装置能够自启动,而且水流的流向不影响装置的发电效率。从最终的获能效率可知,导流罩对于提升装置发电效率作用巨大。通过对此新型双向直驱式海浪发电装置的进一步研究表明,该发电装置尺寸及发电机功率是制约整个装置发电效率的关键,为下一步研制大型样机以及进行海试提供了依据。     

抽水蓄能与风电互补的探讨

论述抽水蓄能与风电2种电源各自特性以及互补的必要性、可行性。从电力市场需求角度论述二者互补对优化电源结构,适应电力市场用户需求,改善电网运行环境,提高供电质量、安全保证率、经济效益等方面的作用。     

中小型智能水电厂体系结构与改造路线探讨

为提高中小型水电厂设备的智能化和信息化水平,满足智能电网建设战略及第二轮电力体制改革对水电站提出的新要求,在简要介绍IEC 61850 ED.2.0技术特性的基础上,指出了传统微机监控水电厂结构体系的缺点,提出了一种理想的中小型智能水电厂体系结构方案,论述了现地控制层电子设备的智能化思路和站控层软件系统配置方法,并对中小型水电厂实施智能化改造给予了方案建议。结果表明,中小型水电厂微机监控系统采用新的结构方案可以提高信息共享程度和设备利用效率,降低生产现场安装调试检修工作量,增强市场竞争能力。伴随技术进步、价格降低和体制改革强势推进,实施智能化改造将是中小型水电厂的必然选择。     

四川电力市场分析及对策研究

针对我国目前电力需求相对饱和和西电东送战略的实施，从分析四川电力市场规律入手，研究了四川电力市场发展的对策，以便为四川水电发展提供决策依据。     

电力系统中无功补偿装置分类及选择

无功补偿是电力系统广泛采用的改善电网质量、节能降损最经济有效的方法之一,通过对各种自动无功补偿装置的分类比较,介绍了各类无功补偿的优缺点,说明了无功补偿装置的选择方法。