海洋大气中氯离子在粉煤灰混凝土中的传输规律

为了实现海洋大气环境中粉煤灰混凝土耐久性使用寿命的预测,从氯离子在人工模拟海洋大气环境中粉煤灰混凝土中的传输试验出发,结合氯离子在非饱和多孔介质中的传输机理,研究海洋大气环境下混凝土内部微环境（微环境温度和相对湿度）及粉煤灰掺量对氯离子传输速率的影响程度,并与人工模拟海洋水下环境试验结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明：1) 在海洋大气环境与海洋水下环境下,氯离子在粉煤灰混凝土中的扩散模型形式上一致,粉煤灰的掺入对氯离子传输能力有一定的影响,但不会改变氯离子在混凝土中的传输机理.2) 当粉煤灰掺量一定时,微环境相对湿度越高（微环境温度一定）,海洋大气环境氯离子扩散系数越大;但微环境温度(微环境相对湿度一定)对海洋水下环境和海洋大气环境中氯离子迁移的影响程度不同.3) 粉煤灰掺量(微环境温度、相对湿度一定)对海洋水下环境和海洋大气环境氯离子扩散系数的影响规律不同.     

掺合料、早强剂对冻融混凝土Cl^-扩散系数的影响

目的研究粉煤灰、矿粉、掺硫酸钠粉煤灰、掺硫酸钠矿粉混凝土冻融循环后Cl^-扩散系数,解决混凝土冻融循环后的内部结构损伤问题．方法采用慢冻法冻融、NEL法测试冻融循环后混凝土Cl^-扩散系数．结果掺入粉煤灰的质量分数低于30％时,掺入矿粉的质量分数低于40％时,经100次冻融循环后混凝土Cl^-扩散系数均低于基准混凝土．经冻融循环后,掺硫酸钠矿物掺合料的混凝土在一定的矿物掺合料掺量范围内,混凝土Cl^-扩散系数低于基准混凝土．经冻融循环后,掺硫酸钠矿物掺合料的混凝土Cl^-扩散系数高于未掺硫酸钠的矿物掺合料混凝土．结论掺粉煤灰混凝土、掺矿粉混凝土的抗冻性好坏取决于矿物掺合料掺量范围．掺硫酸钠粉煤灰混凝土、掺硫酸钠矿粉混凝土,在一定矿物掺合料的掺量范围内,混凝土抗冻性好于基准混凝土．但是硫酸钠的加入使得混凝土抗冻性比未掺硫酸钠混凝土抗冻性差．     

Effect of fly ash and early strength agent on durability of concrete exposed to the cyclic sulfate environment

The effect of fly ash and early strength agent on resistance of concrete to the cyclic sulfate environment was studied. Concrete specimens made with ordinary portland cement or ordinary portland cement incorporating fly ash with the replacement of 10% or 20%, or 1% early strength agent and fly ash with the replacement of 20%, were made and subjected to 250 cycles of exposure to the cyclic sulfate environment. Concrete properties including loss of mass, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. Microstructure and chemical component of samples were determined by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The experimental results indicated that effect of fly ash on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concretes was mostly dependent on the amount of fly ash. Early strength agent improved performances of concrete with 20% fly ash exposed to cyclic sulfate environment.     

引气粉煤灰混凝土的氯离子扩散模型

基于寒冷盐碱地区的工程环境与混凝土的配制特点,以Fick第二定律修正模型为原型,通过试验数据分析和查阅文献取值建立了引气粉煤灰混凝土的氯离子扩散模型,经游程检验法检验,其相关关系显著.扩散模型体现了混凝土的氯离子结合能力、氯离子扩散系数的时间依赖性、混凝土本体结构劣化、以及水灰比、含气量和粉煤灰掺量三个参数对氯离子扩散的影响,扩展了氯离子扩散实际影响因素的范围,增强了适用性,并能显著表征引气粉煤灰混凝土的氯离子扩散性质.     

矿物掺合料对自密实混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的影响

耐久性是自密实混凝土（SCC）的重要性质。本文应用电通量法研究了掺粉煤灰、矿渣的SCC抗氯离子渗透性能,通过对单掺和复掺时SCC电通大小的分析发现：粉煤灰和矿渣都能改善SCC的抗氯离子渗透性能,矿渣提高SCC的抗氯离子渗透性能要优于粉煤灰,二者复掺对SCC抗氯离子渗透的复合叠加效应并不明显。其机理是粉煤灰和矿渣提高水泥石密实性,强化混凝土界面过渡区,粉煤灰、矿渣物理化学吸附作用能固结Cl-,降低Cl-渗透性。SCC中掺入掺合料能减少离析、避免泌水,达到自密实效果,粉煤灰对混凝土流动增大的作用效果要优于磨细矿渣的效果。掺合料复掺对自密实混凝土强度具有复合叠加效应,混凝土28 d强度等级可提高1～2级。     

矿物掺合料对混凝土氯离子渗透扩散性研究

研究了不同种类、不同掺量的矿物掺合料对混凝土氯离子渗透性的影响,试验结果显示:单掺矿物掺合料(磨细粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰)改善混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力,且改善效果硅灰最佳,磨细粉煤灰其次,矿渣最差.从机理上分析,矿物掺合料的火山灰效应改善了混凝土中水泥石与集料之间的薄弱界面,降低孔隙率,使孔细化,同时生成更多低碱度的C-S-H凝胶增加混凝土的Cl-固化能力,从而提高了混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力.     

混凝土表面氯离子浓度时变规律试验研究

采用氯盐浸泡试验,定期检测了混凝土表面处的氯离子浓度,并对数据进行了拟合分析,研究了混凝土表面氯离子浓度随时间的变化规律,分析了氯盐溶液浓度、水灰比和粉煤灰掺量对表面氯离子浓度大小及其累积速率的影响。结果表明,表面氯离子浓度随时间的增加逐渐增长并最终达到稳定状态。随着氯盐溶液浓度的增加,表面氯离子浓度将更快地达到稳定状态,表面氯离子浓度也相应增大;水灰比越大,表面氯离子浓度累积速率越快,表面氯离子浓度越大;掺入粉煤灰可加快表面氯离子浓度的累积速率,表面氯离子浓度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增大。通过对现有模型的比较与修正,提出了一个更为完善的模型。     

Grey Clustering Theory to Assess the Effect of Mineral Admixtures on the Cyclic Sulfate Resistance of Concrete

Concrete specimens made with ordinary portland cement or ordinary portland cement incorporating fly ash with the replacement of 10% or 20%, ground blast furnace slag with the replacement of 15% or 30%, or 15% fly ash and 15% ground blast furnace slag were made and exposed to a cyclic sulfate environment. Concrete properties including relative dynamic elastic modulus, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. Effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfa...     

INITIAL BINDING CAPACTIES OF CHLORIDE ION OF COMPONENTS IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

An investigation is reported on the influence of different components of high performance concrete (HPC) on the initial binding capacities (IBC) of chloride ion. The testing results demonstrate that cement has the largest IBC, and the relative binding ratio is as high as 30% of total ion amount. Among the mineral admixtures, fly ash has the largest IBC of chloride ion. The IBC of silica fume is about 14.4% ,which is smaller than that of fly ash. The IBC of refined ground blast-furnace slag (microslag) is abnormal due to the influence of sulfate ion contained. The addition of superplasticizer and corrosion inhibitor containing calcium nitrite weakens the IBC of mixtures. The fluidity and pore-filling effect of mineral admixtures are studied with paste samples with W/C ratio of 0.3. The influence mechanism of various components in high-performance concrete in IBC is studied further through SEM and Mercury Instrusion Porosimetry tests with paste samples at the age of 3 days.     

Grey clustering theory to assess the effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete

Concrete specimens made with ordinary portland cement or ordinary portland cement incorporating fly ash with the replacement of 10% or 20%, ground blast furnace slag with the replacement of 15% or 30%, or 15% fly ash and 15% ground blast furnace slag were made and exposed to a cyclic sulfate environment. Concrete properties including relative dynamic elastic modulus, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. Effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete was assessed based on the grey clustering theory. The experimental results indicate that the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete incorporating ground blast furnace slag belongs to the higher grey grade, which exhibits that it possesses excellent cyclic sulfate resistance. With increasing addition of fly ash, the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete changes from the medium grey grade to the lower grey grade, which shows that incorporation of fly ash is disadvantageous for the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete.     

盐碱溶液对混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响

基于盐碱寒冷地区的工程环境与混凝土的配制特点,模拟配制了SA溶液,对水灰比、含气量和粉煤灰掺量三个参数对混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响进行了正交试验研究.结果表明:氯离子渗透深度x与渗透时间t之间的关系可以拟合成幂函数x=atb来描述,且在显著性水平α=0.01下其相关关系显著;SA溶液中SO42-和Mg2+的存在对于Cl-的渗透具有一定的抑制作用,冻融循环在混凝土本体结构未破坏之前对于氯离子的渗透也具有一定的抑制作用;水灰比、含气量和粉煤灰掺量三个参数对浸于4.0%NaCl溶液、SA溶液、SA溶液并受冻融循环三种情况下氯离子渗透深度影响的顺序不同;随着水灰比的增大,氯离子渗透深度增大;粉煤灰能够抑制氯离子的渗透,且20%掺量的效果优于35%;含气量对于抵抗氯离子渗透存在不利影响,且未受冻融作用时,3.0%的影响更大.     

Compressive Strength, Pore Size Distribution and Chloride-ion Penetration of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Class-F Fly Ash

The effects of fly ash on the compressive strength, pore size distribution and chloride-ion penetration of recycled aggregate concrete were investigated. Two series of concrete mb：tures were prepared. The concrete mixtures in series I had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.55 and 410 kg/ m^3 , respectively. The concrete rnixtures in series II had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.45 and 400 kg/ ml respectively. Recycled aggregate was ased as 20% , 50% , and 100% replacements of natural coarse aggregate in the concrete mixtures in both series. In cutdition, fly ash was used as 0% , 25% and 35% by weight replacements of cement. The results show that the compressive strengths of the concrete decreased as the recycled aggregate and the fly ash contents increased. The total porosity and average porosity diameter of the concrete increased us the recycled aggregate content increased. Furtherrruore , an increase in the recycled aggregate content decreased the resistance to chloride ion penetration. Nevertheless, the replacement of cement by 25% fly ush improved the resistance to chloride ion penetration and pore diameters and reduced the total porosity of the recycled aggregate concrete.     

中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题

为了提高水工大体积混凝土中的粉煤灰掺量,研究了中热水泥 粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题.通过抗折和抗压强度试验研究了粉煤灰掺量对中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的强度的影响，通过水化率测定和XRD分析研究了中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的水化特性.结果表明：在强度实验中，粉煤灰存在一个允许掺量，这个掺量随着养护龄期的增长而提高0.3 d和28 d时，允许掺量小于10%， 而在3.5a时，允许掺量高达65%以上；体系中粉煤灰的水化速率很慢，粉煤灰明显降低了体系中的Ca(OH)₂，随着粉煤灰掺量增加和龄期延长，Ca(OH)₂减少.在中热水泥-粉煤灰体系中并不存在贫钙问题.     

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰高温熔融处理实验研究

利用高温管式炉对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰进行了高温熔融特性分析,包括飞灰在高温下的物质迁移和熔融玻璃体的浸出分析。结果表明,随着反应温度增加,飞灰熔融产生的熔渣相对原始飞灰量依次下降,飞灰高温挥发物增加。经检测,玻璃体满足危险废弃物毒性浸出标准。熔融后的玻璃体密度是飞灰堆积密度的5倍,有很好的减容效果。飞灰中大部分Cl元素挥发至气相和二次飞灰中,Cl-进入气相对熔融系统造成的腐蚀等影响将是未来需解决的工艺问题。     

富含砖粒再生骨料混凝土的耐久性试验研究

用富含40%~50%砖粒的再生粗骨料配制再生混凝土,采用渗水高度法和电通量法,分析不同再生骨料取代率和粉煤灰取代率与再生混凝土抗水渗透性以及抗氯离子渗透性的关系,得出抗渗透性最好的再生骨料取代率。然后,在最优再生骨料取代率的情况下,采用快速冻融法研究粉煤灰取代率对再生混凝土的抗冻融性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行比较。结果表明:富含砖粒的再生混凝土的抗渗透性能比普通混凝土弱,再生骨料取代率的增加会降低其抗渗透性,砖粒类再生骨料取代率为40%的再生混凝土抗渗透性能最好;粉煤灰对再生混凝土具有改性作用,粉煤灰掺量为20%时,再生混凝土的抗渗透性能以及抗冻融性能均最佳;适当取代率下,再生混凝土的抗冻等级能够达到D100。     

硅灰粉煤灰对喷射混凝土性能影响

为了解决现场喷射混凝土普遍存在强度低、喷层易开裂、回弹量大、粉尘浓度高等问题,在喷射混凝土中加入不同掺量的硅灰、粉煤灰替代水泥,并通过室内试验和现场试验研究硅灰、粉煤灰对添加铝酸盐液态速凝剂喷射混凝土性能的影响。结果表明:铝酸盐液态速凝剂掺量为3%时,凝结效果最好;单掺8%的硅灰能有效促进铝酸盐液态速凝剂的凝结效果,提高混凝土强度,增加粘聚性;单掺粉煤灰可以降低速凝剂的促凝效果、降低混凝土强度、提高和易性。硅灰、粉煤灰和铝酸盐液态速凝剂混掺,对混凝土1 d抗压强度影响由主到次为粉煤灰掺量>速凝剂掺量>硅灰掺量,28 d抗压强度影响由主到次为速凝剂掺量>硅灰掺量>粉煤灰掺量,从而得出三者最佳组合。并结合新型喷射工艺进行现场试验,得出最佳组合能有效减少水泥用量、提高喷射混凝土强度、减少开裂、降低回弹和粉尘的结论。     

Remediation and monitoring of abandoned mines

paper describes a recent study on using fly ash for backfilling abandoned room and pillar mines.Detailed investigations on fly ash properties such as the strength and stiffness of settled fly ash, flowability of fly ash grout, as well as chemistry and environmental aspects of fly ash backfill have been undertaken in the laboratory. Numerical modelling was also conducted to quantify the effects of fly ash backfill on the stability of underground pillars. The laboratory tests showed that with a solid concentration of approximate 50%, fly ash grout has an excellent flowability and very low viscosity. It is capable of penetrating and filling almost any voids underground if designed properly and settling as a reasonably stiff solid to provide support to the pillars. Several different types of strength tests proved that a consolidated fly ash should exhibit a friction angle above 42°. 3D numerical modelling on interaction between fly ash backfill and underground pillars has shown that fly ash backfill to 90% roadway height can raise the factor of safety(Fo S) of a marginally stable area to above 1.6, which is the number often used in rock engineering design for long term stability. Chemistry and leachate analysis of representative fly ash samples from a local power station showed that the elemental concentrations in the fly ash solid sample are lower than the allowed contaminant threshold and specific contaminant concentration levels. Geotechnical monitoring in the high risk areas of an abandoned mine has been carried out as part of the risk management and control for potential subsidence. The monitoring has been very helpful in understanding the ground behaviour around the abandoned mine which can provide timely information to the parties concerned in order to make correct decisions to control the subsidence risk.     

氯盐对混凝土硫酸盐损伤的影响研究

研究了水胶比（W／B）为0．35和0．45的普通混凝土和粉煤灰掺量为20％和3096的粉煤灰混凝土在2种溶液（5% Na2SO4溶液．3．5％NaCl＋5％ Na2SO4复合溶液）和2种腐蚀制度（长期浸泡和浸烘循环）下各混凝土的损伤失效规律、特点及氯盐对混凝土硫酸盐损伤的正负效应。试验结果表明：混凝土浸泡在腐蚀溶液中500d，其抗压强度有增加段和稳定段；相对动弹性模量（RDME）变化有明显的线性增加段、稳定段，再增加段和再稳定段；在浸烘循环下，混凝土的抗压强度先下降，再上升然后迅速下降；其RDME变化包括下降、线性增加、缓慢下降和加速下降段。复合溶液中氯盐的存在拉长了各个腐蚀阶段的时间，延缓了混凝土的硫酸盐损伤程度。试验结果还表明：适宜的粉煤灰掺量和低水胶比能提高混凝土的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力。     

蒸养超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土性能试验研究

研究蒸养条件下超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的强度、弹性模量和应力-应变行为以及体积稳定性和耐久性能,结合微观测试手段,探讨超细粉煤灰在蒸养条件下的作用效应及其机制.试验结果表明,超细粉煤灰能显著提高混凝土的蒸养适应性,蒸养超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的后期强度、弹性模量具有较好的增长率.与普通蒸养混凝土相比,蒸养超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的脆性降低,塑性变形能力明显增强,干燥收缩明显降低,且抗氯离子渗透性能显著提高.超细粉煤灰可改善蒸养条件下混凝土的内部水化产物组成及其孔结构,降低混凝土的孔隙率,提高混凝土耐久性.     

矿粉与粉煤灰双掺在高性能混凝土配制中的应用

文章通过具体试验研究了单掺粉煤灰、双掺粉煤灰和矿粉条件下,混凝土强度及抗氯离子渗透性,其结果表明粉煤灰和矿粉双掺可以很好的配制出高性能混凝土。