Pall型摩擦阻尼器的新型应用方式及其性能研究

首次提出了Pall型摩擦阻尼器适用于不规则框架新型安装方式,按常规将阻尼器放置在框架中心。以等腰梯形框架结构为例,考虑几何非线性对安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器的不同坡度的该框架进行了详细的有限元分析,采用ANSYS程序对该Pall型摩擦阻尼器的滞回特性和力学特性进行了详细的分析。分析结果表明,安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器能有效提高结构的刚度,并且大大提高框架的耗能能力,但这种新型安装方式的Pall型摩擦阻尼器与原Pall摩擦阻尼器的耗能能力有差距,提出了该安装方式的适用范围,在此基础上,提出了适合梯形框架的一种新型安装方式。     

T形芯板摩擦阻尼器抗震性能分析

采用ANSYS软件对天津某一安装T形芯板摩擦阻尼器的钢框架结构进行抗震研究,分析了在天津波多遇和罕遇地震作用下不同阻尼器布局对该结构的抗震性能.分析结果表明,安装T形芯板摩擦阻尼器能显著提高结构的抗震能力,同时发现T形芯板摩擦阻尼器在地震下不会对框架边柱产生不利影响,能减小框架柱的轴力,可提高框架的安全性.     

Pall型摩擦阻尼框架几何非线性分析

采用大型有限元程序ANSYS分析了Pall型摩擦阻尼器(PFD)的滞回性能,证明了Pall摩擦阻尼器和改进的Pall摩擦阻尼器—T形芯板摩擦阻尼器(TFD)的力学特性是相同的.采用AN-SYS程序对安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器的钢框架和钢筋混凝土框架进行了有限元分析,分析结果表明安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器能有效提高结构的刚度,并且大大提高框架的耗能能力.     

导管架式海洋平台Pall型摩擦阻尼控制研究

笔者考虑几何非线性,首次提出了适用于海洋平台结构的Pall型摩擦阻尼器的一种新型应用方式,对安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器的不同坡度的等腰梯形框架进行了有限元分析,采用ANSYS程序对该Pall型摩擦阻尼器的滞回特性和力学特性进行了详细的分析.分析结果表明安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器能有效减小动荷载作用下的最大位移,并且大大提高框架的耗能能力,证明了这种新型Pall型摩擦阻尼器与原Pall摩擦阻尼器具有同样的耗能能力.最后,将这种摩擦阻尼器放置在海洋平台结构中,分析了此种摩擦阻尼器在海洋平台结构中的减震效果.     

布置粘滞阻尼器的连续桥梁地震响应分析

为充分发挥粘滞阻尼器在连续梁桥抗震中的作用,提高连续桥梁的抗震性能,研究不同位置安装阻尼器对桥梁地震响应下的影响,以昆明境内某高速公路连续梁桥为背景,分别建立桥梁在不同位置下安装粘滞阻尼器的有限元模型,运用非线性动力时程分析方法对不同安装位置下梁端位移、墩底剪力及墩底弯矩进行计算分析。计算结果表明,设置粘滞阻尼器可以有效减小主梁在地震响应下的梁端位移,结构刚度差异对粘滞阻尼器效果具有一定的影响,通过合理的设置阻尼器可以使桥墩受力更均匀、合理。     

浅谈核电站半速汽轮机柱头弹簧隔振器新型安装技术

自田湾核电站半速汽轮机技术引入核电站以来,目前绝大部分核电站汽轮机均采用半速汽轮机设计,汽轮机基座框架柱头弹簧隔振器的快速安装,成为影响汽轮机土建施工关键路径。主要针对核电站半速汽轮机基座框架柱头取消二次灌浆层、取消弹簧隔振器顶部预留沉降空隙安装弹簧隔振器进行初步分析及论证。     

楼板对装配式混凝土框架节点抗震性能影响试验研究

为了研究阻尼器处开洞楼板对装配式混凝土框架节点区域抗震性能的影响,设计了带楼板的装配式混凝土框架节点试件,并对其进行了低周反复加载试验,研究了试件的破坏特征、承载能力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、等效黏滞阻尼系数等.试验结果表明:相对于无楼板装配式混凝土框架节点,带楼板的装配式混凝土框架节点试件滞回曲线较饱满,具有良好的耗能效果,增大了试件的刚度,还提高了试件的承载能力;但是由于楼板的存在,增加了梁和阻尼器上部的刚度,使得梁中性轴上移,造成各种抗震性能指标在正负向加载时差别较大,也造成阻尼器下翼缘和上翼缘变形差别较大.为了改善阻尼器上下翼缘受力变形不一致的问题,笔者提出两条改进建议:一是改进阻尼器上下翼缘截面大小,做成上下翼缘截面不一样大小,来匹配受力不一样的问题;二是改变阻尼器在梁高度方向的安装位置,使得梁板中和轴正好位于阻尼器的形心位置.     

粘弹性阻尼器钢框架的减震性能分析

介绍了粘弹性阻尼器的简化设计方法。根据粘弹性阻尼器的力学特性，对一安装粘弹性阻尼器的钢框架进行了ANSYS模拟，并对纯框架结构和安装粘弹性阻尼器的框架结构在多遇地震下和罕遇地震下的反映进行了分析、对比。结果表明：安装粘弹性阻尼器后，可以显著增加结构的阻尼比，结构的地震响应可以得到明显降低。     

新型钢板阻尼器的减震性能分析

通过改变钢板的平面几何形状减小应力集中,提出一种利用钢板平面内受力屈服耗能的新型钢板耗能阻尼器,并对其进行有限元数值计算,计算结果表明这种阻尼器初始刚度较大、滞回曲线饱满、耗能效果较好。为了利用有限元软件ABAQUS实现对安装有该类钢板阻尼器的整体结构模型进行计算分析,提出该类钢板阻尼器的双线型恢复力模型及其在软件中的简化计算方法。在此基础上,对安装与未安装该类钢板阻尼器的框架结构进行地震作用下动力有限元计算,从加速度反应和位移反应两方面对安装与未安装该类钢板阻尼器的框架结构的计算结果进行分析比较,结果表明该类钢板阻尼器在水平方向上对结构具有良好的减震效果,是一种有效的减震装置。     

某超高层框架-核心筒结构减震性能研究

框架-核心筒拥有较好的抗震效果,整体性、刚度较好,但是在强震作用下水平位移较大,为减少结构的地震响应,文中分析某超高层框架-核心筒结构采用粘滞阻尼器的减震性能。采用MIDAS GEN杆系有限元软件对某超高层框架-核心筒结构进行PUSH-OVER分析,得到该结构薄弱层位置。分别在薄弱层、薄弱层中间楼层和薄弱层与薄弱层的中间楼层3种方案设置粘滞阻尼器对结构进行PUSH-OVER分析,对比原结构和3种布置阻尼器之后的层间位移和层间位移角。分析结果表明将粘滞阻尼器安装在非薄弱层减震效果不佳,阻尼器并非安装越多越好,将粘滞阻尼器放置在薄弱层减震效果是最好的,为同类工程减震设计提供理论支撑。     

Seismic response control of base‐isolated buildings using multiple tuned mass dampers

Seismic response of a base‐isolated building equipped with single tuned mass damper (STMD), multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs), and distributed multiple tuned mass dampers (d‐MTMDs) under real earthquake ground motions is investigated. Numerical study is carried out using analytical models of five‐, 10‐, and 15‐storey base‐isolated buildings equipped with the STMD, MTMDs, and d‐MTMDs. The buildings are modeled as shear‐type structure with a lateral degree of freedom at each floor level, and the buildings are isolated using the laminated rubber bearing, lead‐core rubber bearing, friction pendulum system, and resilient‐friction base isolator. The coupled differential equation of motion for the buildings are derived and solved in the incremental form using Newmark's step‐by‐step method of integration. From the numerical study conducted, it is concluded that installing a tuned mass damper at each floor level of a base‐isolated building reduces the structural response in terms of top floor acceleration and bearing displacement. It is found that installing the MTMDs and d‐MTMDs are significantly beneficial in reducing top floor acceleration as compared with the STMD. Further, almost comparable reduction in the bearing displacement could be obtained by installing the STMD, MTMDs at top, and d‐MTMDs in the base‐isolated buildings. The d‐MTMDs are more beneficial as compared with the STMD and MTMDs as otherwise huge controller mass can now be divided and distributed on different floor levels.     

组合隔震支座在大跨度连廊结构中的应用

以一连廊结构体系为研究对象,采用组合支座连接大跨度连廊和底部结构,实现释放温度应力和减小结构地震反应的目的。介绍了这种高位隔震方法的特点和减震原理,优化设计了隔震支座并分析了其特性,利用ANSYS程序对整体结构进行了非线性地震反应分析,最后对比分析了该隔震结构减震效果。结果表明,该连廊结构采用组合隔震支座后,不仅可以释放温度应力,而且可以显著减小结构地震反应。该方法可供连廊式结构隔震设计参考。     

橡胶隔震器结构的能量变化分析及其应用

本文通过实例分析说明橡胶隔震结构的能量变化及其应用 ,从而把橡胶隔震器和阻尼器的各自作用加以区分 ,加深了对橡胶隔震器隔震机理的认识。     

新型双向扭转型金属阻尼器的理论研究

在地震作用下,合理安装阻尼器可以提高结构的抗震性,因此对于阻尼器的构造提出更高的要求,本文提出一种新型扭转型金属阻尼器.通过简单的构造,在地震作用下使金属扭转变形,利用铅可再结晶的特性,达到消耗地震能量的目的.对提出的新型阻尼器力学模型进行数值分析,证明本文设计的金属阻尼器具有良好的耗能生能.     

Experimental study on a geosynthetics isolator for the base vibration isolation of buildings neighboring metro transportation

By replacing the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) package of stacked sandbags by polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) textile capsule from air springs, a new geosynthetics isolator is developed to improve the mechanical properties of stacked sandbags. Sand and rubber particles were mixed and used to fill the isolator as a soil skeleton. The mechanical testing results showed that the vertical stiffness and damping performance could be easily adjusted by changing the particle mixture ratio. The horizontal stiffness is approximately a quarter of the vertical value, and the horizontal damping ratio is as high as 25%. The ultimate shear strain and compressive stress are 15% and 40 MPa, respectively. Both of these values are much greater than that of stacked sandbags and are appropriate for most buildings near metro transportation. The feasibility of the isolator is verified via field experiments with a full-scale building. After installing the new isolators, the vibration comfort of occupants in the vertical and horizontal directions is significantly improved, as is the secondary air-borne noise comfort. Moreover, the resonant influences caused by vertical and horizontal low-frequency road vibrations are suppressed by the isolator's high-damping performance. Therefore, this geosynthetics isolator is feasible for the base isolation of buildings neighboring metro transportation.     

某砖石古塔抗震加固研究

对某砖石古塔的现状进行了分析,提出了相应的抗震加固措施。针对该古塔地震作用下可能的破坏形式,采用了一种单拉式SMA阻尼器,并对阻尼器的理论模型和滞回曲线进行了分析和模拟,探讨了其安放位置。通过地震反应时程分析,研究了两种加固形式在不同地震激励下的反应。结果表明,对砌体进行补强并采用SMA阻尼器可以有效减轻古塔的地震响应。     

Improvement of near-fault seismic isolation using a resettable variable stiffness damper

A seismic structure isolated by a conventional passive isolation system is usually a long-period structural system; therefore, although its dynamic response may be effectively mitigated in a regular earthquake, the responses may be considerably amplified in a near-fault earthquake with long-period characteristics, due to the low-frequency resonant effect. In order to overcome this problem, a sliding isolation system equipped with a new type of the semi-active damper called a resettable variable stiffness damper (RVSD) is proposed in this study. An RVSD damper is similar to a conventional resettable stiffness damper, except that it has a variable stiffness part. By controlling the variable stiffness, the damper force provided by the RVSD will follow a target force that is determined on-line by a general, active control law. As a result, the RVSD damper is able to prevent the abrupt changes of the damper force that inevitably exists in a conventional resettable damper. The harmonic and seismic responses of an isolation system with the RVSD are studied numerically and compared with the other types of isolation systems. The simulated results demonstrate that the RVSD is able to attenuate the low-frequency resonance behavior of the seismic isolation system induced by long-period ground motions. As compared with an isolation system with a conventional resettable damper, the study shows that isolation with the RVSD is superior in reducing the acceleration response due to a near-fault earthquake, while maintaining its effectiveness in the suppression of the isolator displacement.     

液体粘滞阻尼器及其在土木工程中的应用

随着科学技术的发展,液体粘滞阻尼器在工程抗震、桥梁抗风等土木工程领域中的应用越来越广泛.在收集了大量资料的基础上,从制造技术、新产品、新的安装工艺等几个方面,总结了液体粘滞阻尼器在近10多年内的新发展,并对粘滞阻尼器在我国土木工程界应用表现出的问题和前景进行了探讨.     

民用建筑通风空调系统防火(烟)阀的设置

针对民用建筑防火(烟)阀的设计，对照有关规范．指出了容易被忽视的问题，提出了具体的改进措施和建议。     

泵房隔振降噪工程实例

本文介绍了某高档商住楼楼内水泵运转产生振动，造成楼上噪声过大，通过对水泵基础进行加避振喉、隔音垫处理，从而达到了良好降噪效果的改造方案。