Using energy balances for processing the results from tests of a single-shaft combined-cycle power plant

Application of the balance method for dividing the overall power output produced by a single-shaft combined-cycle power plant between the steam turbine and gas turbine unit is considered. It is shown that the method can be used for obtaining trustworthy results of thermal tests. The effect of air flowrate taken for gas turbine cooling purposes on the gas turbine unit parameters and indicators is estimated.     

Optimization of cogeneration thermal power units

We present a procedure for comparing the efficiencies of cogeneration thermal power units that takes variable conditions of their operation into account. A combined-cycle plant operating in accordance with the STIG cycle (i.e., with mixing of working fluids), a gas turbine unit equipped with a gas economizer, and a steam turbine unit equipped with a backpressure turbine are compared during their operation as part of a cogeneration station.     

燃机MARKV 125V DC接地故障处理

介绍了镇海联合循环电厂PG9171E型燃气轮机MARKV开关量控制系统采样、监测回路原理,分析了125 V DC接地故障报警产生的各种原因与防范措施,总结了125 V DC接地故障查找经验,为燃机同行快速有效排除125 V DC接地故障提供参考。     

Comparison of thermal testing of MS9001FA type GTPs at shatura and nizhnevartovsk GRES

Domestic power plants use combined-cycle plants in which a gas-turbine plant (GTP) and a steam turbine rotate a common electric generator. In this instance, it is impossible to measure the power of each of them, so we have to resort to some assumptions. We have succeeded to check the validity of these assumptions and possible errors of their application testing combined-cycle plants (CCP) with the same GTP and a steam turbine but operating each on its own electrical generator. Comparative tests of a MS901FA GTP of the PGU-400 power-generating unit commissioned at Shatura GRES (a thermal power station) and a GTP of the same type installed at Nizhnevartovsk GRES were performed. As a result of these tests, dependences of the electric power of both gas-turbine plants and a turbine outlet temperature on the inlet temperature were obtained. A relation of the GTP efficiency, heat and air rate on the load are determined, and characteristics of compressors and turbines of both GTPs are defined. The performed tests have confirmed the accuracy of the determined characteristics of the two GTPs using both a direct measurement of net power (Nizhnevartovsk GRES) and an indirect measurement (Shatura GRES).     

Prospective gas turbine and combined-cycle units for power engineering (a Review)

The modern state of technology for making gas turbines around the world and heat-recovery combined-cycle units constructed on their basis are considered. The progress achieved in this field by Siemens, Mitsubishi, General Electric, and Alstom is analyzed, and the objectives these companies set forth for themselves for the near and more distant future are discussed. The 375-MW gas turbine unit with an efficiency of 40% produced by Siemens, which is presently the largest one, is subjected to a detailed analysis. The main specific features of this turbine are that the gas turbine unit’s hot-path components have purely air cooling, due to which the installation has enhanced maneuverability. The single-shaft combined-cycle plant constructed on the basis of this turbine has a capacity of 570 MW and efficiency higher than 60%. Programs adopted by different companies for development of new-generation gas turbine units firing synthesis gas and fitted with low-emission combustion chambers and new cooling systems are considered. Concepts of rotor blades for new gas turbine units with improved thermal barrier coatings and composite blades different parts of which are made of materials selected in accordance with the conditions of their operation are discussed.     

联合循环热电联产机组参数优化及变工况性能分析

联合循环热电联产机组热效率高、污染小,具有广阔的应用前景。研究了联合循环热电联产机组效率的计算方法,并基于三菱MHPS 501GAC机组建立了热平衡模型,分析对比了不同蒸汽参数下联合循环热电联产机组的发电功率、机组热效率等性能指标。同时研究了机组在不同环境温度、大气压力、相对湿度、供热量等变工况状态下的性能。     

西门子9F联合循环机组自启停功能的应用

浙江萧山发电厂400MW西门子9F天然气单轴联合循环发电机组,经过设计、组态和调试,实现从设备全停状态到联合循环带60%负荷一键启动以及从额定负荷到设备全停的一键停机功能,具有高度的自动化水平,能实现燃机快速响应。     

荆门电厂600MW汽轮机组检修改造

荆门电厂600MW机组自投产以来机组热耗率、效率等参数严重偏离设计值。文章提出了全面的检修技术改造方案,对改造后汽轮机的经济性进行了分析。该检修改造方案是降低汽轮机组的煤耗、提高机组效率的有效途径。对同类型的国产火电机组具有较好的参考价值。     

MS9001FA燃气轮机安装、调试与启动

介绍了通用电气MS9001FA燃气轮机设备的组成及如何安装,强调了安装过程中的注意事项,同时提出了燃气轮机发电机正常启动时需遵守的指导原则。     

燃机与锅炉耦合系统提高电厂供电效率的研究

为提高火力发电厂的供电效率,提出燃机与锅炉机组的耦合系统,并建立该耦合系统性能计算模型。经过对耦合系统性能的预测分析可知:排烟温度对系统的性能影响较大,在设定的130℃排烟温度条件下,耦合了燃机的电厂效率提高,供电煤耗降低。在一定的最高燃机工作温度条件下,进入锅炉机组总风量与流经燃机的空气流量与之间的比值有最佳值。以燃机最高工作温度700℃为例,耦合系统可以提高机组效率0.5%以上,其发出的功率可以增加电厂供电量超过4%,在考虑了机组热效率以及低温腐蚀等因素以后,除了抵消风机电耗以外,最佳的供电量增加幅度为1.64%,此时对应着最佳的锅炉机组总风量与流经燃机空气流量的比值,其大小为4.29。     

超临界600MW汽轮机组能耗分析

针对某电厂超临界600MW机组存在汽轮机本体通流效率偏低、再热减温水用量偏大、低负荷凝汽器端差偏大等情况,致使汽轮机能耗偏高,采用机组大修前热力性能考核试验,分析了汽轮机本体通流和辅机存在的问题以及对汽轮机组能耗的影响,可为电厂节能工作提供参考。     

汽轮机热力试验通用计算软件

汽轮机热力试验通用计算软件是计算机技术在火电厂汽轮机热力试验及其它热能动力设备试验工作中的实际应用.它采用模块化的设计思想,从而满足了亚临界凝汽式汽轮机组热力试验的计算工作,是汽轮机技术人员的良好计算工具.     

汽轮机危急遮断系统仿真的开发和应用

针对汽轮机主要保护系统存在的问题,以国内某发电厂600 MW机组仿真机为例,通过对汽轮机危急遮断系统功能、主要控制逻辑等仿真开发的研究,提高发电厂运行人员、热工人员的监控能力和运行技术水平,并在设备的优化运行与试验等方面提供有益的帮助及参考。     

刷式汽封在汽轮机节能减排中的应用

介绍刷式汽封工作原理、结构特点,结合电厂的实际使用情况,根据机组A级检修前后的热力试验,分析刷式汽封在发电厂汽轮机节能减排中应用,在保障机组安全运行的条件下,通过提高轴端汽封、隔板汽封的径向密封间隙水平,实现节能减排。     

H型燃机造价与经济性分析

H级燃气轮机是目前世界上功率最高、效率最高的燃气轮机,其燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组整体效率可超过60%,远高于其他形式的火力发电机组和其他型号的联合循环机组。本文选择目前国内应用较为成熟的9F燃机与H级燃机进行高效联合循环机组造价及经济评价对比研究,为有关项目决策与建设给出参考。通过造价对比可知,同期建设两台燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组,H型较F型燃机造价上高约6.5亿元,其中约5亿元的增加投资来自热力系统,占比达到77%;就单位造价而言,H型与F型造价较为接近,且后续H型有较为明显的下降空间。经济评价方面,H级联合循环机组项目经营期平均上网电价更低,有关经济指标更有竞争力。     

亚临界300MW机组改造的探讨

针对300 W汽轮机机组的实际运行情况和电厂要求,对300 MW机组现存共性问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的改进措施.实践证明,改造后的300 MW汽轮机组提升了其热经济性和热效率,满足了电厂发展要求.     

100MW级IGCC机组设计工况下的性能计算

建立了整体煤气化联合循环（ＩＧＣＣ）系统中典型设备——燃气轮机、压气机、蒸汽轮机、余热锅炉在设计工况下的性能计算模型;并利用该模型对一１００ＭＷ级的系统进行了计算,得出了一些重要的结论。对ＩＧＣＣ电站机组的设计运行具有重要的指导意义,同时为小容量常规电站改造为１００ＭＷ级ＩＧＣＣ电站提供了依据。     

Thermal tests of the SGT5-4000F gas-turbine plant of the PGU-420T power-generating unit at Combined Heat And Power Plant 16 of Mosenergo

In December 2014, the PGU-420T power-generating unit was put into operation at the Combined Heat and Power Plant 16, an affiliated company of PAO Mosenergo. In 2014–2015, thermal tests of the SGT5- 4000F gas-turbine plant (GTP) integrated into the power-generating unit were carried out. In the article, the test conditions are described and the test results are presented and analyzed. During the tests, 92 operating modes within a wide range of electrical loads and ambient air temperatures and operating conditions of the GTP when fired with fuel oil were investigated. In the tests, an authorized automated measuring system was applied. The experimental data were processed according to ISO 2314:2009 “Gas turbines—Acceptance tests” standard. The available capacity and the GTP efficiency vary from 266 MW and 38.8% to 302 MW and 39.8%, respectively, within the ambient air temperature range from +24 to–12°С, while the turbine inlet temperature decreases from 1200 to 1250°С. The switch to firing fuel oil results in a reduction in the turbine inlet temperature and the capacity of the GTP. With the full load and a reduction in the ambient temperature from +24 to–12°C, the compressor efficiency decreases from 89.6 to 86.4%. The turbine efficiency is approximately 89–91%. Within the investigated range of power output, the emissions of nitrogen oxides do not exceed 35 ppm for the gas-fired plant and 65 ppm for the fuel-oil-fired plant. Within the range of the GTP power output from 50 to 100% of the rated output, the combustion chamber operates without underburning and with hardly any CO being formed. At low loads close to the no-load operation mode, the CO emissions drastically increase.     

300 MW机组甩负荷试验超速原因分析与处理

火电厂汽轮机甩负荷试验的目的是考核汽轮机调节系统动态特性,评定调节系统的动态品质。根据某电厂300MW亚临界机组DEH控制逻辑的特点,针对两次50%甩负荷试验汽机超速现象,通过分析甩负荷试验动态过程和相关试验数据,得出OPC电磁阀没有动作是汽轮机超速的根本原因。最后用50%和100%成功甩负荷试验数据证实该机组的调节系统动态特性优良,对同类型机组甩负荷试验具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。