迁西县水资源状况及其开发利用分析

分析迁西县水资源及开发利用现状,水资源现状存在问题,结合社会经济发展方向,提出了合理建议。     

近20年长江水资源利用现状分析

根据近20 a 来水资源公报成果,分析了长江流域及二级支流水资源总量、用水总量、用水结构、用水指标、废污水排放和河流湖泊水质变化情况,提出未来水资源管理的重点是水污染治理和水资源保护。分析结果表明: 长江流域水资源总量变化不大,用水总量增幅明显减缓,到2007 年以后,用水总量趋于稳定; 农业用水基本稳定,工业和生活用水增加; 万元GDP 用水量和万元工业增加值用水量显著下降,用水效率增加; 废污水排放总量不断增加,河流和湖泊水质改善不明显,水污染治理任重道远。长江流域水资源管理应该借助长江经济带绿色发展,在加强点源治理基础上,更加重视面源污染的控制和治理。     

Wastewater Reuse as Means to Optimize the Use of Water Resources in the West Bank

Abstract

The increase in demand for the limited raw water resources in the Palestinian Territories has led to the proposals for use of treated wastewater as one alternative for alleviating water shortages and for optimizing the use of water resources. Wastewater reuse is a multi-discipline and important element of water resources development. Wastewater usage releases high quality water for drinking and other purposes. Quantitative, economic, and social aspects related to wastewater reuse in the West Bank are discussed. Through analyses of the estimated cost and expected water quantities, the paper investigates the economic feasibility of wastewater reuse. Social acceptance is elicited by means of questionnaires, which have been applied to farmers and inhabitants in different areas of the West Bank. Wastewater reuse can compensate for about 10 percent of irrigated agriculture, which contributes 35 percent of the total value of the Palestinian agricultural sector. The paper presents an analysis of the main aspects of wastewater reuse and defines an approach to the beneficial use of wastewater as a component that should be considered in the strategy for the overall management of water resources in the Palestinian Territories.     

The future sustainability of water supply in Kuwait

Abstract

The main natural source of water available in Kuwait is the brackish groundwater located in the Kuwait Group and the Dammam aquifers, where the salinity ranges from 4300 to 10200 mg/l and from 2500 to 10000 mg/l, respectively. Limited fresh groundwater resources in Al‐Rawdhatain and Umm Al‐Aish fields, which have a salinity of 359 ‐1737 mg/l, are also available. Most of the groundwater in Kuwait is used for irrigation, domestic purposes, small‐scale industries and for blending with distilled water. Because rainfall is seasonal and less than annual evaporation, the recharge of the groundwater from rainfall is negligible. The objective of this paper is to assess the different water resources in Kuwait in order to make an integrated management plan and to focus on future sustainability. Generally, in the State of Kuwait, there is increasing pressure on the natural water resources because of the exploitation of the aquifers at a rate exceeding that of both the groundwater recharge and population growth (from 1.4 million in 1980 to 2.55 million in 2003). This has lead to the observed decline in groundwater level and to the deterioration of water quality. In the early 1950s, a plan was endorsed in Kuwait to establish seawater desalination plants. By 2005, six desalination plants have been established, with a total capacity of distillation units of 1434.72 ×103 m³/d (315.6 MIGD). However, the gross maximum consumption for the year 2003 reached a value of 1440.17 ×103 m³/d (316.8 MIGD), which is higher than the total capacity of the available distillation units. Given the limitation of conventional water and the shortages of non‐conventional water, along with the increasing population, Kuwait must consider the recycling of wastewater for irrigation, industrial or any other unrestricted non‐potable purpose.     

秦皇岛城市供水水资源量分析

随着秦皇岛市社会经济发展,需水量将逐步增加,城市供水的供需矛盾日益突出。从本地区地表水资源、地下水资源可利用量分别进行分析,得出城市供水可利用水资源总量;进而分析得出解决秦皇岛市城市供水问题的最佳途径。     

Water policy in Spain: seeking a balance between transfers,desalination and wastewater reuse

Decision-making in water resources management is a perennial source of political debate. When a basin suffers from a structural water shortage the possible solutions are either a transfer from another basin or the use of other unconventional resources such as those obtained through desalination or water reuse. Politics and territorial interests have given rise to undesired fluctuations in Spain’s water policy, in particular with regard to transferring water from one basin to another. However, conflicts have not prevented water management in Spain from being one of the most advanced in the world, even with its unfavourable geographical context.     

商洛市水能资源开发利用规划现状及对策分析

结合商洛市水能资源开发利用规划现状,分析了商洛市当前水能资源规划工作存在的主要问题,并就加强水能资源开发规划管理工作提出了具体建议。     

商洛市水能资源开发利用规划现状及对策分析

结合商洛市水能资源开发利用规划现状,分析了商洛市当前水能资源规划工作存在的主要问题,并就加强水能资源开发规划管理工作提出了具体建议。     

浍河灌区水资源现状与对策思考

浍河灌区水资源短缺。在水资源和水环境管理等方面存在管理体制不完善、供需矛盾突出和地下水超采等问题。通过对灌区水资源利用现状评价及供需平衡分析计算,找出存在的问题,提出水资源可持续利用及经济可持续发展的对策。     

大同市水资源开发利用状况与承载能力的思考

文中分析了大同市水资源开发利用的状况，并对水资源承载能力的有关问题进行了讨论。     

中山市水资源利用情况分析

介绍了中山市水资源及其利用情况,分析了中山市水资源总量变化、供用水变化趋势和水资源质量现状。结果表明,中山市用水量持续增长,对过境水依赖越来越大,供需矛盾初现,枯水期有水质性缺水风险;工业用水效率有提高空间。     

菏泽市水资源现状分析及水资源管理的措施研究

本文介绍了菏泽市水资源利用现状,通过分析缺水原因,菏泽市水行政主管部门实施了最严格的水资源管理措施,不断加强水利工程建设、水资源管理机构建设和水政执法监督,增强水资源利用率,严格落实水资源论证与取用水制度,实施最严格的水资源管理考核制度。     

西藏地区水资源利用分析

介绍了西藏自治区水资源现状,并通过对地表水资源量、地下水资源量、供水量、用水量以及水资源开发利用程度的核算,全面分析了西藏自治区现在和将来水资源利用情况。对科学利用水资源,保护生态环境,实现西藏地区经济社会可持续发展具有借鉴意义。     

本溪地区水资源开发利用程度分析

水资源开发利用调查评价,主要是按照分区和不同类型水源,调查现状条件下的供水设施和供、用、耗、排水量及与用水有关的社会经济状况,以便掌握现状水资源利用的程度、效率、水平及其存在的问题,为制定流域、区域和城市社会经济可持续发展计划提供科学依据。文章对本溪地区水资源开发利用程度进行了分析。     

Treated wastewater use in Saudi Arabia: challenges and initiatives

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers treated wastewater a major water source and aims to achieve 100% use of treated wastewater by 2025. This article reviews Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization status to date. It also highlights the key challenges facing the authorities, such as the substantial growth in demand for wastewater services; low coverage of the existing wastewater collection, treatment, and treated wastewater use systems; and the capital investment needed for infrastructure development. Finally, the article highlights the initiatives taken thus far to tackle these challenges and recommends further initiatives towards successful achievement of Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization objective.     

水资源可持续利用的宏观开发利用模型分析

水资源可持续利用问题越来越受到全社会关注。通过分析经典的控制理论和李嘉图资源模型,结合水资源本身的特点,给出了水资源的宏观开发利用模型,揭示水资源开发利用的一般规律。     

Rehabilitating rivers and enhancing ecosystem services in a water-scarcity context: the Yarqon River

After the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, the increase in urban and agricultural water demand and the increased flow of poorly treated sewage had a severe impact in one of the most ecologically important rivers in Israel, the Yarqon. The attempt to reverse this situation began with the creation of the Yarqon River Authority in 1988. In the last 20 years, the authority has implemented or collaborated in several projects that have significantly contributed to enhancing the provision of ecological services. This article aims to analyze the case of the pollution and subsequent rehabilitation of aquatic ecosystem services in the Israeli water-scarcity context.     

Facing Water Scarcity in Jordan

Abstract

Jordan is extremely water-scarce with just 167 m³ per capita per year to meet domestic, industrial, agricultural, tourism, and environmental demands. The heavy exploitation of water resources has contributed to declines in the levels of aquifers and the Dead Sea. Rapid growth in demand, particularly for higher quality water for domestic, industrial, and tourism uses, is significantly increasing pressure on agricultural and environmental uses of water, both of which must continue to adapt to reduced volumes and lower quality water. The agricultural sector has begun to respond by improving irrigation efficiency and increasing the use of recycled water. Total demand for water still exceeds renewable supplies while inadequate treatment of sewage used for irrigation creates potential environmental and health risks and presents agricultural marketing challenges that undermine the competitiveness of exports. The adaptive capability of the natural environment may already be past sustainable limits with oasis wetlands having been most seriously affected. Development of new water resources is extremely expensive in Jordan with an average investment cost of US$4 to $5 per cubic meter. This paper examines four integrated water resources management (IWRM) approaches of relevance to Jordan: water reuse, demand management, energy-water linkages, and transboundary water management. While progress in Jordan has been made, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation continues to be concerned about the acute water scarcity the country faces as well as the need to continue working with concerned stakeholders to assure future water supplies.     

吉林地区水资源综合评价与分析

本文以地表水、污水和地下水的综合评价分析为基础,详细论述了吉林地区水资源的现状及成因,提出了对策与措施,对进一步加强水资源管理和水资源的合理开发利用具有一定的指导意义。     

缺水型城市水资源利用探讨

我国水资源不仅贫乏,而且污染严重。据统计,全国700多座城市中有近400座城市缺水或严重缺水,其中大部分集中在我国北方及西北干旱、半干旱地区。为解决水资源短缺问题,开发非常规水资源利用方法成为一条重要途径。因此本文以保定电谷(中国保定国家高新技术产业开发区)的水资源利用规划为例,对缺水型城市水资源利用进行探讨。