多氯代二苯并噻吩亚砜热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究

在BHandHLYP/6-31G*水平上对135个多氯代二苯并噻吩亚砜(PCDBTOs)系列化合物进行了全优化和振动分析计算,得到各分子在298.15 K、101.3 kPa标准状态下的热力学参数。设计等键反应,计算了PCDBTOs系列化合物的标准生成热(ΔfH)和标准生成自由能(ΔfG)。研究了热力学参数S与氯原子的取代位置及取代数目(NPCS)之间的关系,结果表明:PCDBTOs系列化合物的S、ΔfH和ΔfG与NPCS之间有较好的相关性。根据异构体标准生成自由能的相对大小,从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性。以Gaussian 03程序的输出文件为基础,采用统计热力学程序计算了PCDBTOs化合物在200~1000 K的摩尔定压热容(cp,m),并用最小二乘法求得cp,m与温度之间的相关方程,发现cp,m与T、T-1和T-2之间有着很好的相关性(R2=1.000)。同时,根据分子体积推测了化合物的毒性,结果表明:PCDBTOs系列化合物中,毒性最大的异构体可能在4取代中。     

多氯代苯胺亲电取代定位效应的密度泛函理论计算

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G**基组水平上计算多氯代苯胺脱氯加氢反应中苯环上各C原子电荷分布和亲电取代σ配位化合物能量的变化,研究多氯代苯胺脱氯加氢合成3,5-二氯苯胺反应的定位效应.结果表明:多氯代苯胺邻、对位C原子电荷数和σ配位化合物能量明显小于间位C原子的电荷数和σ配位化合物能量,邻、对位会优先发生脱氯取代反应,即理论上朝着生成3,5-二氯苯胺的方向进行.     

多溴噻蒽系列化合物的热力学性质的密度泛函理论

298.15 K和1.013 ×10⁵ Pa时,用Gaussian 98程序,在B3LYP/6-31G^*水平上计算了75个多溴噻蒽系列化合物(PBTAs),得到各分子的热力学性质。设计等键反应,计算了PBTAs系列化合物的标准生成热和标准生成自由能。同时研究了这些参数与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目之间的关系;结果表明：热能校正值、定容热容、熵、标准生成热、标准生成自由能与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目之间有很强的相关性。根据标准生成自由能的相对大小;从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序。     

推进剂燃烧产物热力学性质的理论计算

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311G（d,p）和LANL2DZ-6-311G（d,p）水平下计算了火箭推进剂燃烧产物（含Cu、Pb、B、Al等元素）氯化物和氟化物的热力学性质。用基于Morse势函数的统计力学方法计算了其中的双原子分子在300～6000K时的热力学性质。结果表明,采用Morse势函数方法计算的CuF、PbF、PbCl、BCl、ClO、AlCl、AlF和BF双原子分子的热容和熵与文献值一致,其一般偏差为1％～2％。采用Morse势函数方法可以方便快捷地计算出推进剂燃烧产物（双原子分子）的热力学性质。     

多氯代二苯并呋喃光解半衰期与其结构的关系研究

采用G98W程序中的PM3方法对42个多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)进行了优化计算,以计算得到的分子轨道能、碳原子电荷以及原子距离指数、定位基指数作为PCDFs的分子结构描述符.运用多元线性回归技术建立了PCDFs在云杉针叶表面的光解半衰期与其分子结构描述符之间的6元线性方程,并用Jackknife方法对模型的稳健性进行了检验.结果表明,所建模型相关性高,稳定性好,预测能力强.     

多取代苯胺溶解度和电离常数的单参数预测

采用DFT理论方法与基组B3LYP/3-21+G,模拟了10种单取代苯胺分子的骨架结构。计算了其苯胺环上氮和氢原子的自然轨道电荷(NBO)和密立根电荷(Mul)值。结果发现,该电荷值与其实验溶解度系数(pK_s)和实验电离平衡常数(p Ka)值间有好的单参数关联性。另外还计算了10个多取代基的苯胺分子的氮和氢原子的自然轨道电荷和密立根电荷参数,使用拟合出的两线性方程,结果显示新方法预测值与ACD/Labs方法得到的多取代苯胺分子的pK_a/pK_s值接近。     

4-硝基二苯胺合成工艺的研究

采用相转移催化法以对氯代硝基苯与苯胺直接合成 4 硝基二苯胺 ,找到了优惠工艺条件 ,设计考察了几种精制提纯方案 ,合成产率达到了 96%以上 ,经提纯后 ,产品收率94 .1% ,纯度达到 99%以上     

用Hirshfeld电荷预报取代苯胺的logP值

用密度泛函活性理论与方法(DFT/B3LYP)及基组6-31+G(d,p),优化了20种苯胺及其取代苯胺分子的几何结构。结果发现,苯环胺基上N原子的Hirshfeld电荷值(HIR)与其实验油水分配系数(log P)值之间具有良好的线性相关性,普遍比其H原子拟合核静电势电荷(ESP)值以及自然电荷值(NBO)拟合的好。计算了20种未知log P值的取代苯胺化合物胺基的11N原子Hirshfeld电荷值,归入拟合出的最佳线性参数方程式,发现与商业软件ACD/Labs6.0预测得到的多取代苯胺及其衍生物分子的log P预测值非常接近,相对偏差(SD)小于±0.15%.     

2,6-二异丙基苯酚胺化制备2,6-二异丙基苯胺反应的热力学分析

采用Benson基团贡献法计算了2,6－二异丙基苯酚和2,6－二异丙基苯胺的标准生成热△H、绝对熵S和热溶Cp ,计算了化法制备2,6－二异丙基苯胺的反应自由能变化△G、平衡常数Kp及2,6－二异丙基苯酚的平衡转化率X。结果表明：该反应为放热反应,其吉布斯自由能变化为负值,2,6－二异丙基苯酚可望得到较高的平衡转化率。该热力学分析为工业生产提供了一定的理论依据。     

多溴代二苯并呋喃/噻吩热力学性质的定量构效关系

多溴代二苯并呋喃(PBDFs)是剧毒环境污染物,主要来源于溴系阻燃剂的燃烧和高温裂解过程,其性质与其结构有关;多溴代二苯并噻吩(PBDTs)的结构与其非常相似。通过计算多溴代二苯并呋喃和多溴代二苯并噻吩254个分子的原子特征值,利用分子图形学技术获得了一种新的连接性指数——路径指数mP,采用多元回归分析方法建立了PBDFs的分子总能量(ET)、标准焓(H0)、自由能(G0)、标准熵(S0)和恒容热容(c0v)以及PB-DTs的标准焓(H0)、自由能(G0)、标准生成焓(ΔfH0)和标准生成吉布斯自由能(ΔfG0)的定量结构-性质相关模型,相关性良好(r20.995),利用Jackknifed法检验了模型的稳定性和预测能力,Jackknifed检验的相关系数r2均在0.995以上,对标准熵预测的相对平均误差为0.52%,预测结果和文献值基本吻合。     

用DFT法和氯取代位置预测多氯代呫吨酮的气相热力学性质(英文)

The gas phase thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated xanthones (PCXTs) are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B3LYP/6-311G** level. It is found that the chlorine substitution pattern strongly influences the thermodynamic properties of the compounds. The thermodynamic properties of congeners with the same number of chlorines also depend on the chlorine substitution pattern, especially for ortho-substituted congeners. PCXT congeners with one phenyl ring fully chlorinated are found to be the least stable among the analogues. The effect of the chlorine substitution pattern is quantitatively studied by considering the number and position of Cl atom substitution (NPCS). The results show that the NPCS model may be used to predict the thermodynamic properties for all 135 PCXT congeners. In addition, the values of molar heat capacities at constant pressure (cp,m) from 200 to 1000 K for PCXT congeners are calculated, and the temperature dependence relation of this parameter is obtained using the least-squares method.     

DFT Calculation on polychlorinated phenarsazines: Their gas phase thermodynamic functions and the implications of Cl substituted position

The thermodynamic properties of 136 polychlorinated phenarsazines (PCPAZs) have been calculated by density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. Then, isodesmic reactions are designed to calculate Δ_fH° and Δ_fG° of PCPAZs. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of Cl atom substitution (N_PCS) are discussed and a relative stability order of PCPAZs is theoretically proposed according to the relative magnitude of their Δ_fG°. In addition, the values of molar heat capacities at constant pressure from 200 to 1000 K for PCPAZs are calculated, and the temperature dependence relations of this parameter are obtained using the least‐squares method.     

Study of stability and thermodynamic properties for polychlorinated dihydrophezines by density functional theory

The thermodynamic properties of 76 polychlorinated dihydrophezines (PCDPs) in the gaseous state at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa, have been calculated using the density functional theory (the BHANDHLYP/6‐31G*) with Gaussian 03 program. Based on these data, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard formation heat (Δ_fH^θ), standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Δ_fG^θ) of PCDPs in the gaseous state. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of chlorine substituents (N_PCS) were discussed, and it was found that there exist good correlation between thermodynamic parameters, including heat capacity at constant volume , entropy (S^θ), enthalpy (H^θ), free energy (G^θ), Δ_fH^θ, Δ_fG^θ, and N_PCS. The relative stability order of PCDP congeners was theoretically proposed based on the relative magnitude of their Δ_fG^θ. In addition, the values of molar heat capacity at constant pressure (C_p,m) for PCDP congeners have been calculated.     

用密度泛函理论研究多溴二苯并噻吩的热力学性质

The thermodynamic properties of 135 polybrominated dibenzothiophenes (PBDTs) in the gaseous state at 298.15 K and 1.013×105 Pa, are calculated using the density functional theory (the B3LYP/6-311G**) with Gaussian 03. Based on these data, the isodesmic reactions are designed to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation (ΔfHө) and the standard Gibbs energy of formation (ΔfGө) of PBDTs. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of bromine substituents (NPBS) are discussed, and it is found that there exist good correlations between thermodynamic parameters (including heat capacity at constant volume, entropy, enthalpy, free energy, ΔfHө, ΔfGө) and NPBS. The relative stability order of PBDT congeners is proposed theoretically based on the relative magnitude of their ΔfGө. In addition, the values of molar heat capacities at constant pressure (Cp,m) for PBDT congeners are calculated.     

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships Study on the Rate Constants of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins with OH Radical

The OH-initiated reaction rate constants (k_OH) are of great importance to measure atmospheric behaviors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in the environment. The rate constants of 75 PCDDs with the OH radical at 298.15 K have been calculated using high level molecular orbital theory, and the rate constants (k_α, k_β, k_γ and k_OH) were further analyzed by the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) study. According to the QSAR models, the relations between rate constants and the numbers and positions of Cl atoms, the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E_HOMO), the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E_LUMO), the difference ΔE_HOMO-LUMO between E_HOMO and E_LUMO, and the dipole of oxidizing agents (D) were discussed. It was found that E_HOMO is the main factor in the k_OH. The number of Cl atoms is more effective than the number of relative position of these Cl atoms in the k_OH. The k_OH decreases with the increase of the substitute number of Cl atoms.     

含能材料分子N8H8结构与性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的b3lyp方法在6-311＋＋G＊＊基组上对30种N8H8链状异构体进行了理论计算,并应用分子中的原子理论（Atoms In Molecules,AIM）和自然键轨道理论（Nature Bond Orbital,NBO）分析了这些化合物相对稳定性和成键特征,G3MP2方法计算了各异构体的能量及生成热。结果表明：N8H8链状异构体中,含有N=N双键特征的异构体稳定性较好,影响氮氮键键长变化的主要因素是N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用;所有异构体中α3的生成热最大,β15的密度最大。     

A fundamental equation of state for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of chlorine

A fundamental equation of state is presented for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of chlorine. It is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy with the independent variables temperature and density. Based on the available experimental data from the literature, the equation is valid from the triple point temperature 172.17–440 K with a maximum pressure of 20 MPa. The quality of the equation is evaluated by comparisons with experimental measurements. Since the equation was developed in part for use in mixture models relevant for carbon capture and storage applications, special focus was also given to correct extrapolation behavior.     

Theoretical investigation of anisotropic mechanical and thermal properties of ABO3 (A=Sr,Ba; B=Ti,Zr, Hf) perovskites

As promising TBC (thermal barrier coating) candidates, perovskite oxides own designable properties for their various options of cations and structural diversity, but limited comprehensions of structure‐property relationship delay their engineering applications. In this work, mechanical/thermal properties of ABO₃ (A=Sr, Ba; B=Ti, Zr, Hf) perovskites and their anisotropic nature are predicted employing density functional theory. Their theoretical minimum thermal conductivities range from 1.09 to 1.74 W·m^?1·K^?1, being lower than Y₂O₃ partially stabilized ZrO₂. Reduced thermal conductivities up to 16% along particular directions are reached after considering thermal conductivity anisotropy. All compounds own high hardness while SrZrO₃, SrHfO₃, and BaHfO₃ possess well damage tolerance. We found that small electronegativity discrepancy leads to big anisotropy of chemical bond, Young's/shear moduli and thermal conductivities, together with good damage tolerance. These results suggest that the next generation TBCs with extra low thermal conductivity should be achieved through combining material design and orientation‐growth tailoring.