植物胶型抑制剂选矿试验探索研究

羧甲基瓜尔胶属于强抑制力、高选择性的绿色天然多糖类有机大分子抑制剂。通过对智利某铜矿矿石采用羧甲基瓜尔胶抑制剂的选矿试验研究分析了药剂的性能。试验结果表明,羧甲基瓜尔胶是滑石的有效抑制剂,药剂用量120 g/t原矿条件下,羧甲基取代度为0.12、分子量为174万的瓜尔胶表现出的选择性抑制作用最明显,其抑制作用强于羧甲基纤维素钠。     

镍黄铁矿与蛇纹石浮选分离中有机抑制剂的机理研究进展

蛇纹石是一种富含镁的硅酸盐矿物,常与镍黄铁矿共伴生。在镍黄铁矿浮选过程中,蛇纹石的上浮会造成镍精矿中镁含量超标,从而影响镍黄铁矿的冶炼。介绍了蛇纹石的晶体结构和表面性质,剖析了蛇纹石难以抑制的原因,阐明了常用有机抑制剂羧甲基纤维素、淀粉类、壳聚糖、瓜尔胶及组合药剂对蛇纹石的抑制机理。      

CMC和古尔胶对滑石浮选的抑制作用研究

通过浮选试验、接触角测量、动电位测定和红外光谱研究了弱碱性条件下羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和古尔胶对滑石浮选的抑制性能及作用机理。结果表明,弱碱性条件下CMC和古尔胶是滑石浮选的有效抑制剂,低用量古尔胶能较好地抑制滑石,古尔胶的抑制作用强于CMC;在CMC和古尔胶作用下,滑石一级浮选速率常数减小,浮选速率降低,回收率下降。CMC和古尔胶吸附在滑石表面,使滑石表面润湿性增强、可浮性变差;CMC使滑石表面负电性增强,古尔胶使滑石表面负电性减弱。阴离子CMC主要通过—COO-和—OH吸附在滑石表面,中性古尔胶主要通过—OH吸附在滑石表面。     

Investigation into the flotation response of a sulphide ore to depressant mixtures

The Merensky reef in the Bushveld Complex is well-known to contain a number of platinum group elements (PGEs). These PGEs are strongly associated with the sulphide minerals found in the Merensky reef. In order to recover the PGEs from the Merensky reef, a combination of reagents is used to optimise the flotation process by various operations across the Bushveld Complex. These reagents usually include; collectors, activators and depressants. The most common collectors are the xanthates, while the activator copper sulphate (CuSO₄) is most often used. The depressants, either carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or modified guar gum (guar) are typical.This study examines the effect of blending depressants on the flotation response of a typical Merensky ore. The effect of each depressant, being guar and CMC, was examined in turn by changing the concentrations used in initial flotation tests; this was followed by blending guar and CMC in equal ratios by various procedures to determine the effects thereof. The depressants were blended in two ways: (1) premixed followed by a single conditioning stage and (2) stage wise; as primary and secondary depressants, each conditioned in turn.     

Cashew gum: a new depressor for limestone in the phosphate minerals flotation

This technical contribution is aimed at studying the physicochemical properties of cashew gum as well as its performance as a limestone depressor during the phosphate minerals flotation. Cashew gum and starch characterizations were accomplished by identifying their functional groups through infrared spectroscopy. After that, some physicochemical properties of calcite were investigated, having cashew gum as a depressant, by using microflotation and flotation techniques.It was observed, by comparing the infrared spectra of both substances, that one was dealing with quite similar structures. The microflotation tests showed that flotability decreases as the cashew gum or starch concentrations increase.The flotation of limestone confirms the depressing power of cashew gum, showing that it is possible to reduce the insoluble residues (IR) from 10.5%, in the original ore, to near 0.6% with carbonate recovery in the range of 70–80%.     

淀粉与氧化铁矿物的应用及其作用机理的研究进展

浮选工艺在处理低品位难选赤铁矿的选矿中,具有精矿产品杂质含量少,药剂成本低,经济效益好等优势,与强磁选相结合的选矿工艺对赤铁矿的选矿效果比较理想。目前浮选工艺特别是反浮选在处理低品位难选赤铁矿的实际生产中被广泛应用,大大提高了选矿效率和选厂的经济效益。淀粉作为赤铁矿浮选中的高效、无毒、可降解、来源广、成本低的高分子有机抑制/絮凝剂已在实际生产中广泛应用。由于具有以上优点,淀粉在选矿中的应用前景广阔,但目前对天然高分子有机药剂特别是多糖类如淀粉在氧化铁矿表面的作用机理的论述较少,因此研究淀粉与氧化铁矿的作用机理具有一定的实际意义。     

The effect of molecular weight on the adsorption and efficacy of polysaccharide depressants

Long chain polysaccharide polymers, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and guar gum, are commonly used in flotation to depress gangue minerals. These depressants are in widespread use in the flotation of platinum group minerals contained in the Merensky ore body where the dominant gangue minerals are talc, pyroxene and feldspar. The molecular weight and degree of substitution of these polysaccharides are known to be significant factors influencing the behaviour of such depressants. In the present study CMC and guar at different dosages and with different average molecular weights were used to investigate their effectiveness in depressing gangue minerals. The high molecular weight depressants ranged between 600,000 and 700,000 g/mol and the low molecular weights, 40,000-70,000 g/mol. The depressants were tested using microflotation, batch flotation and equilibrium adsorption studies. The investigation showed that, at starvation dosages (100 g/t) during batch flotation, the high molecular weight polymers did not depress naturally floating gangue (NFG), whereas the low molecular weight depressants did. At higher dosages (300 g/t), both high and low molecular weight polymers depressed all NFG, without depressing sulfide recovery in the pulp. The high molecular weight polymers were significant froth destabilisers, which suggested that they were acting as good slime cleaners. This, combined with their ineffective depression of NFG at low dosages, suggested that the high molecular weight polymers were selectively adsorbing to hydrophilic gangue (pyroxene and feldspar). Adsorption isotherm experiments gave the maximum adsorption densities attainable at equilibrium. These were compared to the adsorption densities of the polymers in the microflotation and batch flotation experiments. This information showed that very little polymer was required to destabilise bubble-particle interaction during microflotation tests. At conventional plant depressant dosages of 100-300 g/t, adsorption densities range from ∼20% to 50% of maximum.     

铁矿石脱硅技术和浮选药剂研究进展

硅是铁矿石中一种典型的有害杂质,降低铁精矿中硅含量一直是铁矿石分选的重要课题。对铁矿石脱硅工艺与浮选药剂制度的研究进展做了系统的综述,重点介绍了浮选脱硅的研究现状和发展趋势。文中指出含硅铁矿石钙离子活化—阴离子反浮选工艺具有广阔的应用前景,进一步提高浮选药剂的选择性和适应性具有重要的现实意义。      

The response of sulphide and gangue minerals in selected Merensky ores to increased depressant dosages

Depressants are added to flotation circuits to reduce naturally floatable gangue (NFG) present in ores, but under certain conditions have been shown to affect sulphide mineral recovery, particularly guar reducing the recovery of pyrrhotite. Copper sulphate is added to increase sulphide mineral recovery, but may also activate gangue particularly in the presence of dithiophosphate. This has also been shown to vary with ore type. Previous work has shown the usefulness of analysing reagents holistically, decoupling pulp and froth effects and assessing material recovered by true flotation and that recovered by entrainment separately. This work assesses the effect of copper activation on different ores and the ability of two classes of depressants, guar gum (guar) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to reduce this effect and shows that by a depressant dosage of 300 g/t almost all the NFG had been removed from the concentrate. It also evaluates the effect of depressants on the sulphide minerals and shows that pyrrhotite was most affected.     

铁矿石阳离子反浮选技术研究进展及应用现状

综述了近年来铁矿石反浮选阳离子捕收剂理论研究、铁矿石反浮选新型阳离子捕收剂研究以及铁矿石阳离子反浮选工艺研究的进展,介绍了铁矿石阳离子反浮选技术的工业应用现状。认为随着阳离子捕收剂合成工艺及反浮选工艺的日趋成熟,阳离子反浮选技术将被越来越多地应用于我国难选铁矿石的处理。     

Effect of amine and starch dosages on the reverse cationic flotation of an iron ore

In iron ore concentration, reverse cationic flotation of quartz has been successfully employed for particles below 150 μm previously deslimed. Amine and starch are used, respectively, as quartz collector and iron oxides depressant. Understanding the mechanisms of reagents interaction is relevant to improve the separation selectivity, especially for high amine dosages. The term clathrate was used to explain this interaction, meaning a molecular compound in which molecules of one species occupy the empty spaces in the lattice of the other species, resulting in the depression of hydrophobic minerals. Laboratory scale experiments were carried out with itabirite iron ore in three different size ranges. The clathrate formation between molecules of amine and starch may explain the increase of SiO₂ content in the concentrates of the coarse size range (−150 + 45 μm) due to an increase in amine dosage.     

The role of the reagent suite in optimising pentlandite recoveries from the Merensky reef

The Platinum group elements (PGEs) in the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex are strongly associated with the sulphide minerals, particularly pentlandite which contains significant amounts of PGEs such as palladium and rhodium in solid solution. The various operations use different reagent combinations in the flotation process to recover PGEs from the Merensky Reef which include primary and secondary collectors, copper sulphate (CuSO₄) as an activator and depressants, either carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or modified guar gum (guar). This study examines the effect on two different ores, A and B, using dibutyl dithiophosphate (DTP) as a secondary collector in combination with sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) as primary collector, the point of collector addition (mill or cell), the use of CuSO₄ addition, sequence of CuSO₄ addition and the effect of depressant type on the floatability of pentlandite, and shows that pentlandite floatability in contrast to that of chalcopyrite is reduced when reagents were added to the cell rather than the mill together with CMC. This effect was not observed with the use of guar gum as the depressant.     

磁选铁精矿再提纯反浮选工艺和药剂的研究

介绍了国内外铁矿反浮选药剂和工艺的研究现状，包括阴离子反浮选、阳离子反浮选两种工艺；阐述了相关工艺所使用的浮选药剂的应用研究现状，如胺类捕收剂等，并预测了铁矿反浮选工艺和药剂的发展趋势。     

东鞍山含菱铁矿赤铁矿石分级浮选试验研究

东鞍山烧结厂矿石铁品位为32.45%,具有贫铁、高硅的特点,主要铁矿物为赤铁矿,主要脉石矿物为石英,同时含有少量的菱铁矿和磁铁矿,是一种含菱铁矿赤铁矿石。对磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占70%的产品筛分分析表明,随着粒度的增加,各粒级铁品位逐渐增大,铁矿物单体解离度逐渐减小。在该磨矿细度下进行分级浮选闭路试验,-0.074 mm粒级以柠檬酸为分散剂、氧化钙为活化剂、淀粉为抑制剂、KS-Ⅲ为捕收剂,+0.074 mm粒级以淀粉为抑制剂、十二胺为捕收剂,可获得精矿铁品位63.30%和铁回收率71.32%的浮选指标。与全粒级浮选相比,分级浮选可减弱微细粒矿物的黏附罩盖,提高浮选指标。     

有机抑制剂在铁矿石反浮选中的应用研究进展

反浮选工艺以浮选效率高和产品质量好而广泛用于铁矿浮选过程中。在反浮选工艺中,选取高效、经济和环保的抑制剂对反浮选的结果起决定性作用。本文综述了铁矿石浮选过程中有机抑制剂的研究进展,重点介绍了淀粉和纤维素等抑制剂的研究现状,简述了有机抑制剂种类等因素对其抑制性能的影响。虽然有机抑制剂选择性好、分选效率高、价格低廉和绿色环保,但在铁矿石浮选中还存在一些不足之处,因此寻找高效抑制剂替代物和对有机抑制剂改性将会是未来有机抑制剂的研究重点。      

四川某高硫铜矿浮选试验研究

本文以四川某铜矿石为研究对象,采用抑硫浮铜浮选工艺回收铜矿物。该铜矿属于高硫多金属复杂矿石,伴生多种有用元素。采用常规丁基黄药为捕收剂,石灰、硫酸锌为调整剂浮铜,生产指标不理想。本文探索了以新型组合浮选药剂DF-64 DF-9为捕收剂、DF-90为起泡剂对该铜矿的可选性。结果表明,采用新型混合捕收剂经一粗一扫三精的闭路流程试验,最终获得了铜品位24.45%,铜回收率96.93%的良好指标。选矿厂通过流程改造和使用新的药剂制度后,可产出含铜23.38%、铜回收率92.73%的铜精矿。生产上使用该组合新药剂,能为企业创造良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

金矿浮选药剂的应用进展

本文着重讲述近十年金矿浮选药剂的应用和发展情况,并发现常规药剂与常规药剂、常规药剂与新型药剂的混合使用以及新型药剂的研发和使用在提高金矿品位、金回收率、降低药剂耗量等方面起到非常重要的作用,已成为现阶段金矿浮选药剂制度的主流。     

新疆某褐铁矿石反浮选抑制剂选择 与抑制机理探讨

为改善新疆某褐铁矿石反浮选效果,对其反浮选抑制剂进行了优选试验,并通过对矿石中褐铁矿纯矿物在3种不同淀粉类抑制剂情况下的表面ζ电位的测定,研究了这些抑制剂的抑制机理。结果表明：①在酸性环境下羧甲基淀粉钠、普通可溶性淀粉、叔胺盐型阳离子淀粉的抑铁效果逐渐减弱;在碱性环境下叔胺盐型阳离子淀粉、普通可溶性淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠的抑铁效果逐渐减弱。②在pH=5的矿浆中,以羧甲基淀粉钠为抑制剂,采用1粗2精1扫,中矿顺序返回流程处理该矿石,可获得铁品位为6079%、铁回收率为7996%的铁精矿。③酸性环境下表面带正电的褐铁矿物大量吸附羧甲基淀粉钠（阴离子淀粉）,因而羧甲基淀粉钠抑铁效果较好;碱性环境下表面带负电的褐铁矿物大量吸附叔胺盐型阳离子淀粉,因而叔胺盐型阳离子淀粉抑铁效果较好。     

乙硫氮作捕收剂时有机调整剂加药顺序对典型硫化矿物浮选的影响

研究了乙硫氮作为捕收剂时有机大分子调整剂糊精、腐殖酸钠、阳离子瓜尔胶和DP115(改性聚丙烯酰胺有机大分子)不同加药顺序对典型硫化矿物黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿浮选行为的影响。单矿物浮选试验结果表明,有机大分子调整剂与捕收剂乙硫氮的加药顺序对硫化矿物浮选的影响不同。与调整剂先加相比,乙硫氮先加时,糊精对黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用更强;腐殖酸钠对黄铜矿和方铅矿浮选的抑制作用不同程度增强,腐殖酸钠用量较低时对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,而用量较高时则强烈抑制闪锌矿;阳离子瓜尔胶对黄铜矿和方铅矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用略强;DP115对黄铜矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,DP115用量低时对方铅矿浮选的抑制作用相当而对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用减弱,用量较高时对方铅矿浮选的抑制作用更强而对闪锌矿浮选的抑制作用相当;糊精、腐殖酸钠、阳离子瓜尔胶和DP115对黄铁矿浮选的影响很小。研究结果可为部分硫化矿通过改变有机大分子调整剂与捕收剂的加药顺序提高矿物浮选分离的选择性和效率提供借鉴。     

姑山极微细粒赤铁矿石选矿工艺流程改进探索试验

姑山赤铁矿石硬度大、嵌布粒度极微细,目前的选矿工艺指标低（块精矿铁品位48%、粉精矿铁品位57%）。为探索提高姑山极微细粒赤铁矿石选矿工艺指标的途径,在实验室进行了阶段磨矿-阶段强磁选-阴离子反浮选探索试验。结果表明：在一段磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占85%条件下,经一阶段强磁选（1粗1扫,粗选、扫选磁场强度分别为477 kA/m、637 kA/m）,强磁选精矿再磨至-0.030 mm占87%,经二阶段强磁选（1粗1扫,粗选、扫选磁场强度分别为477 kA/m、716 kA/m）-1粗1精阴离子反浮选（以NaOH为pH调整剂、淀粉为抑制剂、石灰为活化剂、RA-915为捕收剂）,获得的浮选精矿铁品位可达63.96%,说明采用阶段磨矿-阶段强磁选-阴离子反浮选工艺将姑山铁矿铁精矿品位提高至63%以上在技术上是可行的。试验结果可以为姑山极微细粒赤铁矿石合理选矿工艺流程的确定提供参考。