高砷硫精矿除砷的研究

采用正交试验设计的方法,找出了高砷硫精矿降砷时所使用药剂的最优水平组合以及影响因素的主次。通过对砷矿物的有效抑制剂的筛选,对含砷高达2．003％的高砷硫精矿采用简单的一次粗选、二次精选开路流程,所得硫精矿含砷仅为0．48％,可以满足硫酸厂对原料的要求。同时铜在硫精矿中得到了综合回收,铜的回收率达到43％。     

石长温都尔高砷多金属硫化矿分离浮选降砷研究

根据石长温都尔铅锌银矿的矿石性质及含铜低、砷高的特点，试验采用了优先浮选分离流程，采取了系列降砷措施，有效地实现了毒砂与铜、铅、锌硫化物之间的分离；产出了铜、铅、锌三种合格精矿。全部满足了冶炼厂对精矿含砷的要求。     

Flotation separation of copper sulphides from arsenic minerals at Rosebery copper concentrator

The removal of arsenic bearing minerals from concentrates is becoming more important as environmental laws become ever stricter with regard to smelter emissions. The onus is shifting to concentrate producers to remove these minerals from their product, with penalties applying to materials containing greater than background amounts.The arsenic content of Rosebery copper flotation feed is mainly present as arsenopyrite (FeAsS), containing approximately 46.0% arsenic with the remainder of the arsenic in copper sulphosalts (tennantite (Cu₁₂As₄S₁₃)), in a solid solution series with tetrahedrite (Cu₁₂Sb₄S₁₃). Tennantite contains approximately 20.3% arsenic. Characterisation of the rougher and cleaner concentrates obtained during a plant survey showed that the arsenopyrite was appropriately rejected in the copper flotation circuit. However, tennantite showed similar flotation behaviour to the copper sulphide minerals so that the high arsenic content of the final copper concentrate was mainly in the copper sulphosalts. In this study, regrinding the copper rougher concentrate was investigated to reject tennantite in cleaner flotation. It was found that although finer grinding increased the mass fraction in the ultrafine fraction, the tennantite liberation only increased slightly. The copper selectivity against arsenic was improved significantly although the recovery of copper, silver and arsenic was lower. The difference in floatability of copper sulphide minerals and tennantite appears to increase at finer sizes. In this study, pH and Eh were also manipulated to further improve the selectivity of copper flotation against tennantite at fine particle sizes with some promise. In order to find an application in the Rosebery circuit, any changes must have a net economic benefit and the trade-offs and implications are discussed in this paper.     

充气机械搅拌式浮选机放大方法的研究

随着世界经济及国内经济的持续迅速增长,浮选机大型化已成为必然趋势,但浮选机放大方法依然以经验放大为主。本文从充气机械搅拌式浮选机的原理入手,从形状和动力学两个方面研究了充气搅拌式浮选机的放大方法,其中:槽体的放大因子为槽体截面积与叶轮直径的比值,放大规则为SD=a1Vb1;叶轮形状的放大因子为叶轮直径,放大规则为D=a2Vb2;叶轮搅拌强度的放大因子为叶轮搅拌雷诺数,其放大规则为J=a5Vb5;浮选机动力学的放大因子为S/D倍的叶轮线速度,其放大规则为S/DV=a6Vb6。该放大方法也可用于自吸气机械搅拌式浮选机,对大型浮选机放大理论的研究有一定的促进作用。     

广西某高砷铜锌矿选矿工艺研究

根据矿物特性,对广西某地高砷铜锌矿进行了浮选分离研究,采用脱碳-优先选铜-锌硫混浮分离的工艺流程,利用FN作砷矿物的抑制剂,有效地解决了铜、锌精矿含砷高的问题。试验获得了铜、锌精矿含砷分别为0.26%、0.18%,铜、锌精矿回收率分别达80.23%、90.24%。     

砷碱渣/高砷锑烟尘协同脱砷及有价金属回收

采用砷碱渣代替碳酸钠与高砷锑烟尘进行协同脱砷并回收其中的有价金属。将碳酸钠、低砷碱渣、高砷碱渣分别与高砷锑烟尘按一定比例混合,通过焙烧-浸出-过滤工艺得到含砷浸出液和有价金属富集渣。结果表明,当原料配比分别为m_碳酸钠∶m_{高砷锑烟尘}=0.8、m_低砷碱渣∶m_{高砷锑烟尘}=3.0、m_高砷碱渣∶m_{高砷锑烟尘}=1.0时,砷浸出率分别为97.5%、96.9%、99.2%; 铅、锑浸出损失少而富集于浸出渣中,渣中有价金属总含量大于68.7%,且浸出渣中砷含量小于1.0%。该工艺砷脱除率高、有价金属回收率高,证明将堆存的砷碱渣直接用作脱砷剂,可以实现以废治废、资源回收,有效降低脱砷成本。     

重有色金属冶炼中砷的脱除与回收

介绍了铜、锡、铅、锌重有色金属冶炼过程中砷的分布和脱除情况。铜冶炼的脱砷重点在铜电解液的净化,主要采用电解法和溶剂萃取法,而铜冶炼过程中火法脱砷研究较少。锡精矿含砷0.5%~5.5%,一般在熔炼前进行焙烧脱砷,而冶炼过程中产生的高砷烟尘则采用电热回转窑焙烧法或湿法脱砷。铅锌冶炼过程脱砷的研究集中在高铅砷转炉烟尘、铅阳极泥及次氧化锌的脱砷研究。     

快速浮选新工艺的研究与应用

德兴铜矿采用混合浮选—粗精矿再磨分离工艺 ,虽然选矿指标处于国内外先进水平 ,但铜精矿品位难以进一步提高 ,钼的回收率也较低。快速浮选新工艺充分利用矿物的解离特性和可浮性差异 ,采用高效选择性捕收剂AP ,实现了大部分铜矿物的快速浮选和早收 ,改善了二段铜硫分离效率 ,提高了最终铜精矿品位 ,大大提高了钼的回收率。新工艺已成功应用于工业生产     

内蒙古某高硫高砷难处理铜铅锌矿石选矿工艺试验研究

内蒙古某铜铅锌硫化矿石中铜、铅、锌含量分别为0.26%、0.72%、4.60%,硫、砷含量分别为13.14%、2.49%,属于高硫高砷难处理硫化矿石。为实现矿石中铜、铅、锌、硫的有效回收,避免传统高碱法带 来的一系列问题,开展了铜铅混浮、磁选脱硫、锌浮选条件试验研究。在此基础上,经“铜铅混浮（粗精矿再磨精选）—铜铅混合尾矿磁选脱硫—锌浮选”全流程闭路试验,最终可获得铜、铅、银品位分别为9.27%、 40.53%、4 397.76 g/t,铜、铅、银回收率分别为59.22%、88.93%、74.05%的铜铅混合精矿,及锌品位45.94%、锌回收率93.10%的锌精矿,选别指标良好,实现了铜、铅、锌及伴生银的有效回收,降低了精矿中有害 杂质砷的含量。     

某高砷铜锡矿选铜除砷试验研究

针对云南某高砷铜锡矿矿石的性质,采用新型环保高效抑制剂EM-421,结合“铜硫混浮-粗精矿再磨-铜砷(硫)分离”的浮选流程,取得了含铜23.78%、回收率87.69%的铜精矿,其中含砷仅为0.14%。EM-421是一种复合抑制剂,对毒砂和硫铁矿抑制效果明显,能够较好地实现铜砷及铜硫的分离。     

广西某低品位复杂铜锌多金属矿选矿试验

针对广西某低品位复杂铜锌多金属矿进行了选矿试验研究, 在磨矿细度-74 μm粒级占85%的情况下, 通过一粗三扫四精优先选铜、选铜尾矿一粗两扫三精选锌、选锌尾矿一粗两扫两精选硫砷、硫砷混合精矿一粗两扫两精再分离、中矿顺序返回的闭路试验流程, 获得铜精矿铜品位16.29%、铜回收率51.48%, 锌精矿锌品位45.61%、锌回收率72.15%, 硫精矿硫品位36.35%、砷品位0.67%、硫回收率46.09%, 砷精矿砷品位31.54%、砷回收率75.10%, 综合回收了矿石中的有价元素。     

细粒嵌布铜铅锌矿石的浮选新工艺试验研究

针对某铜铅锌矿石矿物共生关系密切和嵌布粒度细小的特性，采用优先选铜、铜粗精矿再磨再选、铅锌两步混合浮选新工艺进行试验，成功地实现了铜铅锌分选，分别得到合格的铜精矿和铅锌混合精矿，同时使伴生金银得到有效回收。试验所采用的药剂无氰、铬污染，有利于环保。     

高砷金精矿硫代硫酸盐浸出试验研究

以某高砷金矿经两次粗选—两次精选—四次扫选选别得到的含金24.6g/t的金精矿为原料,采用响应曲面法对该金精矿硫代硫酸盐浸出过程进行优化分析,同时探索了S_2O_3~(2-)、NH_4~+和Cu~(2+)浓度等因素对浸出效果的影响。结果表明,浸出溶液中的S_2O_3~(2-)、NH_4~+和Cu~(2+)浓度对金浸出率的影响程度依次是[S_2O_3~(2-)]>[Cu~(2+)]>[NH_4~+]。在浸出时间4h、浸出温度40℃、矿浆pH值10、搅拌速度300r/min、硫代硫酸钠浓度0.5mol/L、硫酸铵浓度1.0mol/L、铜离子浓度为0.035mol/L条件下可获得最佳的浸出效果,最佳金浸出率为90.28%,可实现该高砷金精矿中金元素的有效回收。研究结果可为解决该类型浮选金精矿浸出方案和高砷金精矿硫代硫酸盐浸金工艺提供参考。     

Gold and copper recovery from flotation concentrates of Tarror deposit by autoclave leaching

The authors present the data on the substance analysis of gold–copper–arsenic flotation concentrate. Gold and copper recovery by autoclave leaching of the concentrate has been studied. It is found that maximum gold and copper recovery under optimum conditions reaches 96 and 92%, respectively. The profitability of the proposed process flowsheet is proved by the technical-and-economic calculations.     

某含砷铜精矿铜砷分离选矿试验研究

以蓝辉铜矿和硫砷铜矿为主的浮选铜精矿,为了产品效益最大化,进行浮选分离获得高砷铜精矿和低砷铜精矿.蓝辉铜矿和硫砷铜矿纯矿物试验结果表明,在捕收剂丁铵黑药体系下,采用石灰调整矿浆pH值,分别添加次氯酸钙、高锰酸钾、腐殖酸钠以及木质素来抑制蓝辉铜矿,均可以起到很好的抑制作用,但不同的药剂在不同的矿浆pH值条件下抑制效果不同...     

铜铅锌硫矿提高铜回收率、精矿质量试验研究

针对某铜铅锌硫矿实际生产中存在的问题:铜浮选作业中有13.35%的铜损失在铜尾矿中;硫精矿含锌1.10%,杂质锌含量超标;锌精矿产品质量不合格(锌品位为18.38%),对铜浮选作业进行了多流程方案对比开路试验以及主要工艺条件的调整与优化,可获得铜精矿铜品位15.11%,铜回收率92.30%指标,较现场铜回收率提高了5.65%。采用抑锌浮硫工艺流程,可将现场硫精矿中锌品位由1.16%降至0.41%。对现场锌精矿采用不再磨、再磨工艺均显著提高了锌品位(锌品位最高可达48.71%),同时对该流程下浮选尾矿可作为单独的硫精矿产品进行回收。     

某锡石多金属硫化矿选矿工艺研究

对某锡石多金属硫化矿进行了“浮选—重选”和“重选—浮选”的选矿工艺流程研究,结果表明两流程均可产出锡粗精矿以及富中矿,锡总回收率61.81%-67.90%;并获得含铜5.22%-7.04%的铜粗精矿,铜回收率为70%-78%,实现了资源综合利用。采用“阶段磨矿、阶段选别的浮选—重选”联合流程更适于处理此矿石。     

安徽某难选硫化铜矿石浮选试验研究

安徽某热液蚀变的接触变质原生硫化铜矿矿石因性质复杂而难选,以常用浮选药剂按常规铜硫混浮铜硫分离流程进行选矿试生产不能达到设计指标,致使选厂不能正常投产。为此,对该矿石进行了合理浮选工艺流程和新药剂制度的试验研究。试验采用自行研制的新型酯类捕收剂QL先脱除易浮脉石,然后用复合捕收剂MC进行铜硫混浮、以石灰为抑制剂进行铜硫分离,获得了铜品位22．78％、回收率86．80％的铜精矿,超过铜精矿铜品位21．30％、回收率85．50％的设计指标。新的工艺流程适应矿石性质,药剂制度简单、用量少,易于工业化。     

硅灰石矿提纯新工艺研究

某硅灰石矿硅灰石含量约占74％,杂质矿物主要为绿帘石约占10％、石英占8％、方解石占7％。选择了磁选除绿帘石、浮选脱除方解石和石英的合理工艺流程,最终获得了硅灰石精矿纯度大于95％、回收率为88．68％的指标。另外,硅灰石选矿尾矿也可在一定程度上加以利用,基本实现无尾矿工艺。     

Process mineralogy as a predictive tool for flowsheet design to advance the Kamoa project

The Kamoa resource, located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, contains an array of copper sulphide minerals which are present as small grains, averaging 10–27 μm. An initial flowsheet was developed in 2011/12 for the prefeasibility study that was robust enough to handle flotation of all the copper sulphide minerals. Copper recoveries of the flowsheet were 85.4% for the hypogene ore and 83.4% for the supergene ore. Further work on the flowsheet required reduction of the SiO₂ grade of the concentrate, which at 19.1% negatively affected the downstream smelter processing, and also required improvement to copper grades and recoveries given the high grade of the ore. When new sample material became available as part of the Phase 6 drilling program, a fundamental reassessment of the ore and its flotation behaviour was conducted. Although mineralogical characterisation of the ore and liberation of the sulphides was quantified in previous phases of work, there was little understanding of the kinetics of each of the copper sulphide minerals and how they performed in the flowsheet. Comprehensive flotation kinetic tests at various primary grind sizes were performed. The corresponding timed concentrates of the three best performing grinds were characterised by QEMSCAN on a size-by-size basis to fully understand the flotation kinetics and liberation characteristics of the various copper sulphides. A simple and practical recovery model using minerals, particle size and liberation and association was developed from these data, and various flowsheet configurations were simulated. These simulations led to some robust process implications completely rearranging the flowsheet from the previous iteration into a more simple and economic configuration with better performance. The modelled data was confirmed with practically achieved data, extending the use of process mineralogy as a valid, predictive tool in process design. Additionally, the simulations using mineralogical, reduced empirical flotation testing needed to develop the new flowsheet.