Steelcasting and intermediate ladles for equipment for the continuous casting of steel

Conclusions The life of linings in large ladles depends on the grade of steel, the amount, chemical composition and consistency of the slag.The intermediate ladle made in the factory ensures reliable operation during the casting of metal by the continuous steel casting operation.Heating the intermediate ladle to 1100–1200°C by means of compact burners, working on coke gas, and new designs for cooled stoppers and stopper devices greatly reduces slab loss.In the process of evaluating the casting of transformer steel the loss due to nonmetallic inclusions was greatly reduced, but not completely eliminated.Further work must be done to explain the causes of the formation of slag inclusions and methods of handling the problem.     

Dense zircon insert-batchers for intermediate ladles on continuous steel casting plant

Conclusions A technology was developed for making dense zircon insert-batchers with an open porosity of up to 10%. The insert wear is less than 1 mm during the hot time. They satisfy the property requirements for continuous casting of killed carbon steel deoxidized with aluminum in amounts of up to 300 g/ton.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 11–13, March. 1973.     

Double-layer nonswirl nozzles for continuous casting machine pony ladles

Conclusions A method for chamotte nozzles with protection of the bore with a zirconia concentratebase layer has been developed. The life of the nozzles with the protective layer is at least as good as the zirconia-graphite ones. It is desirable to use the double-layer nozzles in place of zirconia and zirconia-graphite nozzles in teeming of various types of steel.The consumption of zirconia concentrate per unit of product is reduced by 10–12 times, which opens prospects of a significant increase in the volume of production of this new form of parts.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 54–56, January, 1986.     

Selecting stable mortars for lining intermediate ladles of continuous steel casting plants

Conclusions The prolonged casting of killed carbon steel requires the use of high-alumina mortar VT-1, slaked with water; prolonged casting of rimmed and corrosive (manganese type) steels requires high-alumina mortar VT-1 slaked with orthophosphoric acid; the assembly of composite elongated nozzles in combination with batcher inserts for casting two or more heats of ordinary rimmed steels 08KP requires corundum type mortars (V-6).Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 20–25, June, 1970.     

Steel casting nozzles with insert feeders for continuous steel casting

Conclusions The feeding devices of the design described satisfy the requirements for single-jet continuous casting of steel with high or low consumption, and also with multijet and low consumption of metal (up to 150 kg/min).In the conditions described, the most successful proved to be the inserts made from zircon.It is desirable to test feeding devices of the design described in working conditions for continuous casting with the aim of establishing the possibility of using them on a wide scale.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 31–36, January, 1966.     

Life of nozzles in continuous steel casting

Conclusions The lining of intermediate ladles should be heated up to 1300 or 1400° in order to prevent the steel cooling excessively and in order to reduce the thermal shock experienced by refractories when the metal is being tapped.The best results in continuous pouring of boiling steel are shown by chamotte nozzles with high-alumina inserts, and these are recommended for use.In the continuous pouring of killed steel, the least filling in is observed in chamotte nozzles with zirconium inserts and with a clay-graphite layer; the clay-graphite layer, nevertheless, wears out more easily and this gives rise to an increase in the steel pouring rate.The main reason for the closure of the stoppers is the formation on the working surface of a vitreous crust containing mullite, corundum, spinel formed by the aluminum added to deoxidize the steel.     

Service of zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting

Conclusions The Chasov-yar Refractories Combine has introduced a technology developed by UNIIO for making zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting equipment. Zircon nozzles possess a high erosion resistance and give a more stable casting for killed and unkilled steels compared with other types of nozzle. Tightening of the nozzles when pouring killed steel depends on a number of factors (amount of reducing agent, casting temperature, chemical composition of the steel, refractory, etc.) and requires further study.T. M. Vysotskaya-Kvitko took part in the work.