pH值对Al(OH)3和Y(OH)3共沉淀包覆SiC颗粒的影响

利用化学共沉淀方法制备了SiC/(Al(OH3) Y(OH)3)陶瓷复合粉体。研究了pH值对SiC/(Al(OH)3 Y(OH)3)复合粉体的ξ电位和分散性的影响，以及pH值对Al(OH)3和Y（OH）3在SiC表面包覆性的影响。结果表明，当溶液的pH=9时，SiC/(Al(OH)3 Y(OH)3)复合粒子表面的ξ电位值较高，复合粉体的分散性和包覆效果也较好。     

共沉淀法制备BaO-ZrO2(BSZ)纳米粉体研究

通过采用氯氧化锆(ZrOCl2)、BaCl2水溶液与NaOH共沉淀反应,生成钡稳定氧化锆的前驱体,该前驱体经过预烧结后得到BaO-ZrO2粉体.研究了搅拌速率、pH值、反应温度、预烧结温度对粉体结晶度的影响.通过分析BSZ粉体的X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)结果得出,搅拌速率为280 rad/min、pH值为10、反应温度为80℃、预烧结温度为800℃是合成BSZ粉体的最佳工艺条件.     

共沉淀法制备A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的热力学形成条件研究

由于ZrB2的独特晶体结构,使其兼有金属和陶瓷的许多优异的物理和化学性能,因此在许多领域得到广泛应用.本文利用共沉淀法制备Al(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,并研究其形成热力学条件.经过热力学计算并用实验验证得出:ZrB2悬浮液的pH值必须大于8.3,才符合Al3+与Y3+共沉淀所需热力学条件;当ZrB2悬浮液的pH值为9时,Al (OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的壳-核结构最好.在溶液浓度较低的情况下,可以获得具有理想壳-核结构的Al (OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,即c(Al3+) =0.017mol/L,c( Y3+) =0.010mol/L,分别接近于Al( NO3)3和Y(NO3)3浓度的热力学条件计算拟定值,即:0.012 60mol/L和0.007 56mol/L.     

共沉淀法制备Al（OH）3-Y（OH）3/ZrB2复合粉体的热力学形成条件研究

由于ZrB2的独特晶体结构,使其兼有金属和陶瓷的许多优异的物理和化学性能,因此在许多领域得到广泛应用。本文利用共沉淀法制备A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,并研究其形成热力学条件。经过热力学计算并用实验验证得出:ZrB2悬浮液的pH值必须大于8.3,才符合Al3+与Y3+共沉淀所需热力学条件;当ZrB2悬浮液的pH值为9时,A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的壳-核结构最好。在溶液浓度较低的情况下,可以获得具有理想壳-核结构的A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,即c(Al3+)=0.017mol/L,c(Y3+)=0.010mol/L,分别接近于Al(NO3)3和Y(NO3)3浓度的热力学条件计算拟定值,即:0.012 60mol/L和0.007 56mol/L。     

沉淀法制备BAO-ZrO2(BSZ)纳米粉体研究

通过采用氯氧化锆(ZrOCl₂)、BaCl₂水溶液与NaOH共沉淀反应,生成钡稳定氧化锆的前驱体,该前驱体经过预烧结后得到BaO-ZrO₂粉体.研究了搅拌速率、pH值、反应温度、预烧结温度对粉体结晶度的影响.通过分析BSZ粉体的X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）结果得出,搅拌速率为280 rad/min、pH值为10、反应温度为80 ℃、预烧结温度为800 ℃是合成BSZ粉体的最佳工艺条件.      

(Sm2O3)0.04(Gd2O3)0.06掺杂CeO2纳米粉体的制备与表征

以Sm2O3、Gd2O3与Ce2(CO3)3·nH2O为原料,采用改进的沉淀法制备了二元稀土(Sm2O3)0.04 (Gd2O3)0.06掺杂CeO2纳米粉体.测定了pH值对0.80Ce(OH)4·0.08Sm(OH)3·0.12Gd(OH)3水溶胶体系Zeta电位的影响.pH值约为7.0时,体系的Zeta电位为0,即体系的等电点(IEP)为7.0.pH值为10.0时,Zeta电位达到最大值-18.5mV,说明此时该体系的稳定性最好.DTA/TG热分析表明,0.80Ce(OH)4·0.08Sm(OH)3·0.12Gd(OH)3粉体的热分解温度约为232℃.由粉末XRD分析可知,经750℃焙烧的二元稀土掺杂CeO2粉末为立方萤石结构,说明Sm2O3与Gd2O3已完全固溶到CeO2中,形成了CeO2基固溶体.由TEM照片可以看出,粉末具有良好的分散性,呈软团聚状态,粒径在5nm～10nm之间.经BET测试计算的平均颗粒尺寸为11nm,与TEM结果是一致的.     

粉体表面改性对氧化锆光固化成形的影响

分别采用甲基丙烯酸(MAA),3-(异丁烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-MPS)和硬脂酸(SA)作为改性剂对ZrO_2粉体进行表面改性,然后制成光固化浆料,通过红外光谱,结合粒度分析、沉降实验和流变测试等手段,研究改性剂对粉体粒度分布以及浆料的稳定性与粘度的影响和作用机制。结果表明,改性剂以化学吸附的方式存在于ZrO_2粉体表面,可有效减少粉体团聚。对ZrO_2粉体进行表面改性,可提高光固化浆料的稳定性,并降低浆料粘度。添加0.5%MAA(质量分数)的改性效果最好,在剪切速率为1 s~(-1)下的浆料粘度由156.2 Pa·s降为47.1 Pa·s。固相含量(质量分数)为75%的ZrO_2浆料经过光固化成形和1 500℃烧结3 h后,得到密度为6.02 g/cm~3,硬度(HV_(10))为1 290的ZrO_2陶瓷。     

pH值对氢氧化铝晶型和形貌影响的研究

采用XRD、TEM、BET等表征手段,系统研究了pH值对化学液相沉淀法制备氢氧化铝的晶型、形貌和比表面积的影响.结果 表明,随着溶液pH值从3增加到11,所得氢氧化铝依次为多孔性无定型[Al(OH)3·niH2O]、片状勃姆石[γ'-AlOOH]、颗粒状拜耳石[β-Al(OH)3],pH在8～9生成的勃姆石型氢氧化铝的...     

碱性萃取分离钨铝过程的热力学分析

针对碱性萃取分离钨、铝过程,根据同时平衡和物质守恒定律,应用现有的热力学数据绘制了25℃时W/Al-H_2O系的溶解组分浓度-pH图,Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3-H_2O系R-pH图(R为萃取剂中(R4N)2CO_3与(R4N)2CO_3+R4NHCO_3物质量比例),利用热力学平衡图对碱性萃取钨铝分离过程进行研究。结果表明:[W]T,[Al]T分别为0.5,0.1 mol·L-1,溶液pH为11.5~14.0时钨、铝分别以WO_4~(2-),Al(OH)-4存在;pH为4.0~11.5时铝部分以Al(OH)3(am)沉淀析出,钨以阴离子形态存在溶液中;Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3-H_2O系中,NaHCO_3含量增加,溶液pH值降低。试验表明,Al(OH)-4能与季铵盐形成萃合物存在有机相中,不会出现沉淀或影响萃取;季铵盐对WO_4~(2-)的结合能力强于Al(OH)-4;碳酸氢型萃取剂参与钨萃取反应降低萃余液溶液pH值,萃余液pH值低于11.46时铝水解产生氢氧化铝沉淀。串级试验表明,控制萃余液pH为11.59,通过12级逆流萃取,钨、铝的萃取率分别为99.17%,1.20%,说明碱性萃取工艺能够高效地分离钨铝。     

部份氧化—还原脱铬法回收铁铬渣中的镍钴

一、前言以废高温合金及废不锈钢为原料生产电解镍(钻)必须除去其中所含的铬。湿法净化除铬一般用中和法,生产中常有以下两种处理方法:(1)和铁在一道工序去除,即先氧化水解除铁,继而中和水解除铬,并利用Fe(OH)_3胶体的吸附作用以加速Cr(OH)_3的聚沉,反应终点pH值为4.7～4.9,可达到深度净化除铬。生成的铁铬渣(混合渣)含Ni(Co)量随     

提高间断碳分氢氧化铝的粒度

通过碳酸化分解机理介绍了烧结法生产氧化铝间断碳分分解工艺过程 ,针对氧化铝行业发展对产品粒度的要求 ,提出了添加晶种间断碳分分解工艺提高氢氧化铝产品粒度的工艺技术     

Investigation of Formation and Inhibition Mechanism of Cerium Conversion Films on Al 2024 Alloy

To study the mechanism of formation and inhibition of Ce conversion films on A1 2024-T3 alloy, scanning microreference electrode technique (SMRE) is used to probe the potential map on A1 2024-T3 in CeC13 solution, the localized corrosion of A1 alloy decreases with immersion time and disappears finally, which results from the competition of Cl^- aggression and Ce^3 inhibition on alloy surface. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that the Ce conversion films consist of Al2O3, CeO2 and Ce2O3 (Ce(OH)3), and CeO2/Ce2O3 ratio decreases with the immersion time. When a critical pH for Ce(OH)3 formation was reached, Ce(OH)3 will precipitate on the micro cathodic area on alloy surface. Consequently, H2O2, the product of the catholic reaction will oxidize a part of Ce(OH)3 to CeO2, which appears a better corrosion resistance for Al alloys.     

Influence of aluminum on the regulation of PTH- and 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent pathways in the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8

The role of hormonal status in the development of aluminum (Al)-dependent renal osteodystrophy, which is characterized by reduced bone matrix deposition, still remains largely unknown. To address this question, we used the osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8 to evaluate the role of Al on parathyroid hormone (PTH)- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)-dependent activities in these cells. Al (1 microM) caused an inhibition of basal and 1,25(OH)2D3-induced alkaline phosphatase, but only at low doses (< 1 nM) of the steroid. Al partly inhibited basal osteocalcin (OC) secretion in ROS cells (p < 0.001), and the dose-dependent increase in 1,25(OH)2D3-induced OC release by these cells was also reduced by 1 microM Al at low concentrations of the steroid (< or = 1 nM), whereas high doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 (> or = 5 nM) totally prevented the inhibiting effects of Al. Al also had strong inhibitory actions on PTH-dependent cAMP production by ROS cells over the concentration range tested (0.5-50 nM). This inhibitory action of Al was also observed for PTH-related peptide- (PTHrp, 50 nM) but not for Isoproterenol-dependent (100 nM) cAMP formation. To evaluate more fully the mechanism of this inhibition of cAMP formation, we investigated the effect of Al on toxin-modulated, G protein-dependent regulation of cAMP formation and on the activation of adenylate cyclase by Forskolin. Cholera toxin (CT, 10 micrograms/ml), applied to cells for 4 h prior to PTH challenge, enhanced cAMP production about 2-fold above PTH alone (p < 0.001), a process that was further stimulated by Al. Pertussis toxin (PT, 1 microgram/ml, 4 h) did not modify basal PTH-dependent cAMP formation by ROS cells. However, PT treatment prevented the inhibitory effect of Al on cAMP formation by these cells (p < 0.025). The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by Forskolin (0.1 and 1 microM), which bypasses G protein regulation, was not modified by Al, indicating that Al does not affect adenylate cyclase directly. Northern blot analysis of PTH receptor mRNA levels showed that Al did not modify PTH receptor message in ROS cells. Likewise, Western blot analyses of G protein subunits showed that Al did not significantly alter Gs alpha subunit levels, in accordance with the results obtained for cAMP-dependent formation in response to CT. In contrast, Gi alpha-1 and Gi alpha-2 subunits were decreased by Al treatment, consistent with PT-restricted increases in cAMP formation in Al-treated ROS cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Al has multiple actions in osteoblast-like ROS cells. The effects of Al are modulated by hormonal control of the pathways investigated. Al affects 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated functions only when this steroid is low. Al has large inhibitory effects on PTH- and PTHrp-dependent cAMP formation. This last feature is related to the ability of Al to alter the G protein transducing pathway for PTH/PTHrp-dependent formation of cAMP since it does not affect adenylate cyclase activity directly and does not affect the PTH receptor message level. Thus, Al has stronger deleterious effects in osteoblast-like cells with an already compromised 1,25(OH)2D3 status and can modulate specifically PTH/PTHrp-mediated cAMP formation at the postreceptor level.     

异丙醇溶析铝酸钠溶液制备高纯氢氧化铝

以铝酸钠溶液分解制备Al(OH)3为基础,通过加入异丙醇溶析的方式,解决了铝酸钠溶液制备氢氧化铝分解速率缓慢、分解率低的问题,再结合超声波有机酸洗纯化的方式,去除了生成Al(OH)3中的晶间碱.考察了不同条件对溶析结果的影响,结果表明:当分解温度为30℃、分解时间12 h、异丙醇与铝酸钠溶液体积比为1:1时,分解率可达...     

溶出温度和压强对铝酸钠溶液结构的影响

采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究了溶出温度和压强对铝酸钠溶液的结构组成以及溶出液沉淀的结构和形貌的影响。结果表明,溶出温度和压强对铝酸钠溶液的结构组成以及晶体的形貌有较大的影响。在较高温度较高压力下,铝酸钠溶液中的主要阴离子是Al(OH)4-,溶出液沉淀较疏松;在较低温度较低压力下,铝酸钠溶液中不仅存在Al(OH)4-,还存在复合铝酸根离子,溶出液沉淀比较紧密;溶出温度压强对溶出液沉淀的红外光谱和XRD结构无明显的影响。     

高纯超细氧化铝的制备

介绍一种利用氧化铝生产过程的中间物料———铝酸钠溶液 ,生产高纯超细氧化铝的方法 ,即利用钡盐净化铝酸钠溶液 ,得到A/S >10 0 0 0的精制溶液 ,再进行种分分解 ,得到超细Al(OH) 3 ,经过酸洗 ,最终得到纯度达 99 99% ,粒度 90 %小于 2 μm高纯超细氧化铝。     

Synthesis of Inorganic Cobalt-Containing Spinel-Type Pigments by Self-Propagating Synthesis

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - Cobalt-containing ultramarine spinel-type pigments are fabricated in the ZnO–MgO–CoO–Al(OH)3–Al system by self-propagating...     

添加剂作用下铝酸钠溶液物化性质的变化对产品性能的影响

在铝酸钠溶液的晶种分解过程中,加入适当的添加剂--表面活性剂,可以强化铝酸钠溶液的晶种分解过程,提高产品氢氧化铝的强度、粒度和分解率.选用8种添加剂,100mg/L和200mg/L两种添加量做分解试验,对加入不同类型添加剂的铝酸钠溶液的表面张力、粘度、电导率进行了测试,考察了添加剂的加入量对铝酸钠溶液物理化学性质的影响.结果表明:添加剂C、E2、F可以提高铝酸钠溶液的分解率,并能增大产品氢氧化铝的粒度与强度;添加剂的加入使铝酸钠溶液的表面张力降低0.015～0.020N/m时,析出的氢氧化铝的粒度与强度较好;能使氢氧化铝粒度增大、强度提高的添加剂,均使铝酸钠溶液的粘度有所下降.     

硅在铝酸钠溶液分解过程中的行为

采用离子膜电解强化铝酸钠溶液分解,考察硅在分解过程中的行为,并用扫描电镜和电子能谱分别对自发分解产品的表面形貌及表面元素进行了表征。结果表明:二氧化硅的浓度变化在分解过程中分三个阶段,即前期迅速减少,中期基本不变,后期又缓慢减少;在分解温度不同时,二氧化硅的浓度在高温时变化较低温快。种分温度为70℃与60℃时,在分解6 h后,分解率都在50%左右。种分温度为70℃时,在前1 h分解率就达到40%左右,明显比60℃时快,说明溶液分解显著地由化学反应控制。二氧化硅使10μm以下的粒子数增加,同时二氧化硅在60℃时相比70℃更能影响粒度分布。纯铝酸钠溶液自发分解产品表面光滑,含硅铝酸钠溶液自发分解产品表面有细小粒子和不规则絮状物,表面元素分析表明絮状物为硅铝酸钠晶体之间的簇合。     

Dissolution of multicomponents during hydrothermal leaching of LF desulfurization slag

In light of the multicomponent dissolution equilibrium during the hydrothermal leaching of LF desulfurization slag, thermodynamic calculations were made and the dissolution equilibrium curves of calcium, aluminum and sulfur were plotted to analyze the interactions between these components and their influence on sulfur leaching. Furthermore, slag leaching experiments were conducted to investigate variation of pH and concentration of major components in the leaching solution. The results show that CaS(s) is easily soluble in water, and when pH>11. 4, CaS(s) dissolves to form Ca(OH)2(s). Use of hydrothermal leaching for sulfur removal from LF desulfurization slag is theoretically feasible. CaSO4(s) is difficult to dissolve and its solubility is always lower than that of CaS(s); therefore, slag oxidation affects negatively sulfur leaching. However, when the pH of the leaching environment is controlled to be above 12. 3, CaSO4(s) is gradually transformed into Ca(OH)2(s). Al2(SO4)3(s) is easily soluble, and it is unlikely that Al will react with sulfur in the solution to form a precipitate. The pH of the leaching solution rises with time and remains at about 12. Calcium concentration in the leaching solution is high, while Al concentration is low. Sulfur concentration in the solution increases with time, and Al in the slag has little effect on sulfur leaching. It is thus concluded that hydrothermal leaching is effective in removing sulfur from LF desulfurization slag.