利用对称性加速实序列FFT的方法及其FPGA实现*

针对工程实践中傅里叶变换的输入序列一般为实序列的情况,充分利用FFT（快速傅里叶变换）奇偶虚实的对称性质,提出了一种实序列FFT的加速算法。将2N点的实序列DFT转换为N点的复序列DFT,并行计算使运算量明显减少;并给出了基于FPGA的硬件实现方法。     

基于高阶近似核和傅里叶系数内插的快速频率估计算法

通过理论分析建立了近似核和量化位数之间的约束关系,并提出无需乘法运算的高阶近似核,用于提高单比特测频算法的动态范围.此算法同时对基于近似核的傅里叶系数实部或虚部最大值附近的DFT系数内插构造频率修正项.可以避免常规测频校正算法的复数运算从而有效减少运算量.此算法简单且宜于硬件快速实现,其有效性得到了理论分析和仿真结果的验证.     

基于空时离散傅里叶变换投影的宽带旋转不变技术估计信号参数算法

利用采样频率和频域数据的关系,对空时离散傅里叶变换(DFT)投影方法进行改进,并且讨论分析了采样频率对其解相干性能的影响,然后将窄带旋转不变技术估计信号参数(ESPRIT)类算法应用到宽带相干源方位估计中,提出一种基于空时DFT投影的宽带ESPRIT算法。仿真结果表明,适当地增加采样频率可以改善空时DFT投影方法的方位估计性能,并且比起快速傅里叶变换(FFT)插值法,空时DFT投影方法具有更加优越的方位估计性能。     

浅谈全相位时移相位差法在Overhauser型磁力仪中的应用

Overhauser型磁力仪要测量拉莫尔信号的频率，受限于信号采集时间，普通的FFT算法难以应用，而全相位快速傅里叶变换（ApFFT）算法有效地拓展了信号频谱分析方法的应用范围，本文将此方法引入Overhauser型磁力仪频率测量中，实现了高精度的测量，同时又没有增加硬件成本。     

基于SFFT的宽带信号互谱法测向算法

在无线电频谱监测中,随着数据采集能力和采样频率的不断提高,对算法的时效性提出了更高要求。对于宽带信号测向系统,提出基于稀疏快速傅里叶变换的互谱法相位测量算法,该算法利用信号频域的稀疏特性,通过频谱重排、滤波、降采样和估值,能快速计算出频谱中K（信号稀疏度）个拥有最大值的傅里叶系数。利用这K个大值点计算平均时延,在保证与传统快速傅里叶变换有相同精度的同时,降低算法的时间复杂度。分析表明,该算法的时间复杂度与信号稀疏度K呈亚线性关系。该方法提高了算法效率。仿真分析对比了基于稀疏快速傅里叶变换的互谱法和基于快速傅里叶变换的互谱法的误差,表明了该算法的有效性。     

一种快速线性时频变换方法

信号的频率含量在很多应用中是非常重要的,很多算法在这方面进行了研究。普通的S变换可以同时提供时间和频率信息,但需要的计算要求较高。本文介绍了一种线性时频变换方法,包括傅里叶变换（FT）、短时傅里叶变换（STFT）和S变换（ST）。它是一种离散的,可逆的,无冗余的变换算法,具有快速傅里叶变换（FFT）相同的计算复杂度。经过合理的调试和仿真,该方法有效地对非平稳信号频谱进行采样和加窗过滤,得到连续S变换频谱,说明在信号分析中具有可行性和适用性。     

改进的基于DFT的OFDM系统信道估计算法

在正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中,针对常用的信道估计算法不能有效地抑制信道冲激响应中循环前缀长度内噪声的不足,提出了一种改进的基于离散傅里叶变换（DFT）的信道估计算法。该算法是一个多次迭代的过程,通过最小二乘算法获得导频位置处的信道频域响应,经过逆傅里叶变换后,利用时域内引入的能量增长速率函数来判断信道冲激响应分布情况,以便对其进行消噪处理,最后通过多次迭代进一步抑制子载波间干扰和加性高斯白噪声。仿真结果表明,无论在多普勒频移较小还是较大的情况下,该算法的估计性能均优于最小二乘（LS）信道估计算法、传统基于DFT的信道估计算法和基于阈值的信道估计算法。在系统误比特率为[10-2]时,改进的基于DFT的信道估计算法比其他算法有3~5 dB的性能增益。     

基于加窗型DCT-Ⅳ的OFDM系统的信道估计算法

在总结传统的基于离散傅里叶变换（DFT）的正交频分复用（OFDM）系统的信道估计算法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于加窗型的第四类离散余弦变换（DCT-Ⅳ）的OFDM系统的信道估计算法。该算法利用DCT变换的对称特性消除边缘效应,并且使用加窗抑制信道冲激响应的频谱泄露,然后用低通滤波器消除信道高斯白噪声的干扰。仿真结果表明：在多径衰落信道下,该算法优于基于DFT的信道估计算法,是一种可行而且有效的信道估计算法。     

基于算术傅里叶变换的离散Hartley变换的快速算法

离散Hartley变换是一种有用的实值正交变换。文中对其快速算法进行研究,首先介绍利用算术傅里叶变换（AFT）计算离散傅里叶变换（DFT）可使其乘法计算量仅为O（N）,然后文章根据这一特点,分析离散Hartley变换（DHT）的结构特征,通过DFT将AFT和DHT建立了直接联系,提出了一种新的快速DHT算法。算法的计算复杂度能够达到线性O（N）,且算法结构简单,公式统一且易于实现,并与其他快速算法进行了比较,分析可知在数据长度不是2的幂次方时,文中提出的算法的计算时间明显比其他算法的计算时间要小。实验结果也验证了文中算法的有效性,从而为DHT的快速计算开辟了新的思路和途径。     

基于LabVIEW的FMCW雷达测距系统设计

在FMCW（调频连续波）雷达测距系统中,通常采用FFT（快速蹲里叶变换）算法对差频信号进行频率测量。为了进一步提高测距精度,提出了一种结合FFT和离散频谱能量重心法的方法来测量差频信号的频率。结合雷达收发器IVS-162和MP424数据采集卡,设计并实现了基于LabVIEW的FMCW雷达测距系统;实验结果表明该系统性能稳定、结构简单,可应用于需要高精度测距的场合。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.