Fast wavelength detection technique for multi-wavelength photonic packet networks

A wavelength detection technique for the control of transmitter wavelengths in WDM/FDM optical packet networks is demonstrated. The wavelength of a transmitter can be determined within a single packet duration (1.6 mu s). The authors demonstrate optical frequency detection to an accuracy of +or-75 MHz over a capture range of 6 GHz.<>     

Quasicontinuous tunable fiber-ring laser applied as localoscillator in an absolute calibrated spectrometer for WDM systems

A special tunable fiber-ring laser is introduced. With this laser as local oscillator, a calibrated optical spectrometer was realized, which allows the determination of the wavelength of all transmitters of a wavelet division multiplexing (WDM) system in one sweep. The system is based on a fiber ring laser including a high finesse Fabry-Perot resonator with a high free spectral range and a 1-km-long dispersion shifted fiber. To achieve a high wavelength determination accuracy two auxiliary signals are generated: one with a Krypton filled absorption tube and another with a simple, silica based, periodical filter. With that, the wavelength of every transmitter of a WDM signal can be determined with an absolute frequency accuracy of better than ±0.8 GHz in a range of 1527-1562 nm in one sweep. The relative frequency accuracy is better than ±0.3 GHz     

A coherent optical FDM CATV distribution system

A coherent optical frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) experimental system for an optical CATV distribution service has been developed. This system employs a channel frequency spacing locked optical FDM transmitter and a random access optical heterodyne receiver. In the transmitter, ten 1.54-μm wavelength tunable distributed-Bragg-reflector laser-diode (DBR LD) modules were FSK modulated with a 400-Mb/s PN pattern. A reference pulse method is used for channel space control. Individual channel spacings for ten LDs are stabilized to 8 GHz. The random access optical heterodyne receiver is realized with a wavelength tunable local DBR LD, polarization diversity reception technique, and random access automatic frequency controller. A current address method realizes the random access function. The results of a ten-channel FDM transmission experiment carried out to evaluate these techniques are presented. It is estimated that over 80 channel high-definition TV signals can be distributed to 2000 subscribers with 500-GHz frequency tunable DBR LD. The feasibility of expanding the subscriber number to over 10000 was confirmed by an experiment with a traveling-wave optical amplifier     

Control of widely tunable SSG-DBR lasers for dense wavelengthdivision multiplexing

This paper presents a general discussion on the control of widely tunable super structure grating distributed Bragg reflector (SSG-DBR) lasers. A feedback control scheme is presented that ensures frequency stability and accuracy (better than ±0.5 GHz), as well as high side mode suppression ratio (>35 dB). The active section voltage is monitored to maintain mode stability and a highly stable Fabry-Perot etalon is used as a reference to lock the laser frequency to a specific ITU channel. It is shown that stability can even be maintained when directly modulating the laser at 1.244 Gb/s. Furthermore, a characterization scheme is demonstrated that uses the voltage monitoring to generate a look-up table of operation points very efficiently and accurately. For all operation points, the frequency accuracy is better than ±0.5 GHz and the side mode suppression ratio is above 35 dB     

Decentralized frequency stabilization scheme for a dense OFDMsystem involving simple filters and an absolute reference

A frequency control scheme is introduced where within each transmitter its frequency is referenced to a silica based optical frequency discriminator, which in addition is locked to an absolute reference frequency. An absolute stability of ±1 GHz was achieved. As frequency-determining elements, coupler-based Michelson interferometers or coated gradient-index (GRIN) lenses were used. The described set-up is employed in an OFDM based optical crossconnect-demonstrator (RACE 2065; COBRA)     

Frequency stabilized 622-Mb/s 16-channel optical FDM system and itsperformance in 1.3/1.55-μm zero-dispersion fiber transmission

A study has been conducted on a densely multiplexed 16-channel optical FDM system. A transmitter contains 16 two-section MQW DFB-LD's and a star coupler. An automatic optical multi-frequency controller stabilizes each LD of 10 GHz spacing within ±100-MHz accuracy. A receiver consists of heterodyne-delay-demodulators using a polarization diversity. Any desired channel can be tuned by a novel frequency discriminator with no insensitive frequency region. The system has successfully transmitted 622 Mb/s-16-channel HDTV signals through 110 km long 1.3 μm-zero-dispersion fiber. We have also studied error rate degradation due to four-wave mixing in a 1.55 μm-dispersion-shifted-fiber. Experimental results have revealed the allowable total input power to be +2 dBm for dispersion-shifted fibers     

Random access optical heterodyne receiver for coherent FDM broadcasting systems

A random access optical heterodyne receiver for a coherent FDM broadcasting system has been developed, using a wavelength tunable local DBR LD, polarisation diversity technique and a random access automatic frequency controller. In a 10-channel FDM experimental system, 114 GHz capture range, 80 GHz lock range and arbitrary channel selection within less than 1 ms were realised.<>     

Mode-Hop-Free, Optical Frequency Tunable 40-GHz Mode-Locked Fiber Laser

We have successfully achieved a mode-hop-free, optical frequency tunable 3-ps 40-GHz mode-locked fiber laser by installing an optical etalon in a 6.8-m laser cavity. The laser frequency was continuously tuned over 1 GHz without mode hopping by tuning the etalon peak frequency. The oscillation wavelength was also tuned over 1535-1560 nm by tuning an optical bandpass filter installed in the laser cavity.     

一种中频相同的微波光子信道化接收机

提出一种基于相干光处理的微波信道化接收机,采 用 自由谱范围(FSR)不同的两套光频率梳(OFC,optical frequen cy combs)分别作为 光载波和光本振,使得各个信道的输出具有相同的中频。本文方法将微波信号调制到载波 OFC的每一个 频率分量上,并用法布里-珀罗(F-P)光滤波器对多个信道的调制光边带同时进行带通滤 波,然后与 本振OFC进行相干探测实现频率下转换。若载波OFC比本振OFC的FSR大于1个 信道带宽,并使 F-P滤波器的FSR与本振OFC相等,可得 到等带宽、等中频的微波信道,降低了后续电路的复杂度。对 两个相邻信道进行了实验,将9.74～9.86GHz和9.86～9.98GHz波段的信号分别下转换到两个带宽为120MHz 的中频信道,两个中频信道的中心频率仅相差4MHz分别为900MHz和 896MHz,表明本文方法能够实现等中频的信道输出。     

168 channels /spl times/ 6 GHz from a multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor laser

A gain-flattened multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor laser generates 168 discrete wavelength channels at 6 GHz. Intracavity etalon filtering delineates the 0.12-nm-spaced channels while spatial filtering inside a spectrometer broadens the laser spectrum to 20 nm. Mode locking produces 85-ps pulses in each channel at 750 MHz. The pulse-repetition rate is multiplied to 6 GHz per channel via optical time-division multiplexing to yield an aggregate pulse rate of 1 THz.     

532 nm多普勒激光雷达中F-P标准具的优化设计

Fabry-Perot标准具是532 nm多普勒测风激光雷达的核心部件,其参数和加工精度直接影响整个系统的灵敏度和风速测量的精度。对不同波长的回波信号进行模拟,分析所选测量激光波长532 nm的原因。通过对系统的灵敏度和测量精度进行分析,优化设计标准具的主要参数,分析认为,标准具的自由光谱区为9 GHz,带宽1.75 GHz,两边缘通道峰值间隔4 GHz,锁定通道与边缘通道峰值间隔为1.125 GHz时,系统的灵敏度和测量精度最优。通过模拟计算标准具的主要缺陷对透过率的影响,确定标准具的表面加工精度要求5 nm,平行调节时腔长的最大差值要求小于10 nm。     

A multiwavelength source having precise channel spacing for WDMsystems

We report a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) source in which a combination of a periodically driven Mach-Zehnder modulator and a nonlinear fiber are used to generate an optical spectrum that consists of several wavelength components precisely spaced by 64 GHz (>0.5 nm). The 13 strongest spectral components are within a 10-dB optical power range and their performance as channel sources in a WDM transmitter have been evaluated. We also propose and demonstrate a technique to generate an optical spectrum in which the separation between the major components is four times the modulator drive frequency     

Rapid, Precise, and Stable Control of Optical Frequency for SG-DBR LD Using Quartz Etalon

This paper presents rapid, precise, and stable control of optical frequency for sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) laser diode (LD) using a Z-cut quartz etalon supported at the middle point. The optical frequency of SG-DBR LD was controlled by the mode-hop-free three-electrode control method. As a result, stable mode operation and wide continuous tuning range without mode hopping have been realized. A 0.2-ms optical frequency tuning speed with a 4.35-THz tuning range and a 130-MHz control error of the optical frequency was demonstrated. A 1.1-MHz Allan deviation was reached at an integration time of 12 times 10³ s.     

Performance characterization of a harmonically mode-locked erbiumfiber ring laser

We describe the performance of a harmonically mode-locked, erbium fiber ring laser. Transform-limited pulses with durations of 20-50 ps at 5.044 GHz repetition rate are obtained. The modulation frequency can be detuned by up to ±70 kHz and the lasing wavelength can be varied over the entire erbium gain bandwidth. Pulsewidths and pulse bandwidths are measured as a function of modulation power and frequency detuning. The laser is actively stabilized by locking intra-cavity Fabry-Perot etalon passbands to the laser modes     

基于法布里-珀罗标准具的双环路光电振荡器

设计了一种基于法布里-珀罗(FP)标准具的双环路光电振荡器(OEO),该振荡器能将连续的光功率转换为稳定的频谱纯净的微波信号。FP标准具具有滤波的特性,因此可以替代普通OEO中的电滤波器从而降低电噪声,此外,FP标准具是一种高Q值的光学器件,可以缩短普通OEO所使用的光纤长度。双环路结构的引入能够更好地保证振荡器的单模输出,进一步降低相位噪声。仿真结果证明这种新型结构的OEO可以实现20GHz范围内振荡频率为15GHz的单模起振,边模抑制比超过150dB,使用的两条光纤环路长度分别为5m和36m。     

Intracavity filtering of the spectrum of a short-pulse FEL byinducing interpulse phase coherence

The number of active cavity modes in the short-pulse free-electron laser FELIX was reduced by a factor of 40 at a constant level of the saturated power. This was achieved by inducing phase-coherence between the 40 optical micropulses that are independently amplified at 1 GHz in the 25-MHz cavity. A 1-GHz Fox-Smith intracavity etalon was used to this aim. The resulting spectrum consists of a comb of frequencies that are spaced by 1 GHz. Based on a CW frequency analysis of the coupled cavities we predict that the individual frequencies have a linewidth of 170 kHz. The stability of the selected frequencies was analyzed. Mode hopping over 25 MHz was occasionally observed between macropulses of the laser, but not actually during the macropulse. Simulations by means of a simple pulse evolution model corroborated this behavior. We show that the comb of resonant frequencies can be scanned over a range of 1 GHz by scanning the length of the intracavity etalon. The work presented here gives the theoretical and experimental background of single-linewidth experiments that will be described in a separate paper. The latter experiments concern the selective transmission of a single cavity mode from the phase-locked signal by means of external etalons. This single line should be narrow, stable, and continuously tunable for high-power high-resolution experiments in the far-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum     

Low-cost athermal wavelength-locker integrated in a temperature-tuned single-frequency laser package

A package-integrated, compact, low-cost, athermal wavelength locker is introduced. It uses a novel etalon material, Schnaelite, to reduce environmental temperature sensitivity well over an order of magnitude compared to commercially available fused silica based lockers. Thermo-optical properties of temperature insensitive etalons are presented. Results demonstrating frequency stability of devices incorporating Schnaelite etalon based discriminators show optical frequency shifts below 1 GHz for large changes in case and laser temperature. This enabling technology promotes future small form-factor, low power consumption, multichannel laser sources.     

Long reach DWDM-PON with 12.5 GHz channel spacing based on comb source seeding

A long reach dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network(DWDM-PON) with 12.5 GHz channel spacing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An optical frequency comb source is used to provide the multiwavelength seeding light, while reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers(RSOAs) are installed in both optical line terminal(OLT) and optical network units(ONUs) as colorless transmitter. The experimental results show that the bidirectional transmission for 1.2 Gbit/s data rate is achieved over 80 km single mode fiber(SMF).     

Half-Rate Duobinary Transmitter Architecture for Chip-to-Chip Interconnect Applications

For a high speed duobinary transmitter clock frequency defines the transmission limit. A conventional duobinary transmitter needs a clock frequency equal to the data rate. In this work we propose a duobinary transmitter that uses a clock frequency half of the output data rate and hence achieves double the transmission rate for a given clock frequency as compared to a conventional duobinary transmitter. In the proposed transmitter the duobinary precoder is integrated into the last stage of a tree structured serializer to combine two NRZ data streams at half the transmission data rate. Two modes for the precoder have been incorporated into the design. The first mode is applicable for data transmission over copper whereas the second mode is suitable for wavelength division multiplexed optical transmission. A DLL based clock multiplier unit is employed to produce the high frequency clock with 50% duty cycle needed for the precoding operation. It incorporates a clock generation logic with integrated duty cycle control. A charge pump with dynamic current matching and a high resolution PFD are employed to reduce static phase error in locking and hence achieves improved jitter performance. A new delay cell along with automatic mode selection is proposed. To cover a wide range of data rate, the DLL is designed for a wide locking range and maintains almost 50% duty cycle. The design is implemented in 1.8-V, 0.18 μm Digital CMOS technology with an f _T of 27 GHz. Simulations shows that, the duobinary transmitter circuit works up-to 10 Gb/s and consumes 60 mW of power.     

Two-channel coherent optical FDM transmission system with a new frequency stabilisation scheme

A two-channel 140 Mbit/s coherent optical FDM transmission system with a new frequency stabilisation scheme has been developed. In this scheme, low frequency modulation is applied to transmitter laser diodes to lock them at the resonances of a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and a high speed IF AFC circuit is used to eliminate the system performance degradation due to this low frequency modulation. The measured BER is 10/sup -9/ for a received signal power of -41 dBm and no crosstalk between channels is observed with a channel spacing of 4.0 GHz.<>