非电解质水溶液的粘度方程

在Eyring的液体粘性流动模型基础上,根据Rother等的假定和Shealy与Sand ler的水溶液过量自由焓溶质聚集模型,导出了一个双参数非电解质水溶液的粘度模型。利用该模型可由二元水溶液的2个模型参数预测多元水溶液的粘度。用该模型计算了6个体系391个不同温度和组成的二元水溶液和3个体系164个不同温度和组成的三元水溶液的粘度,计算值与实验值的总平均相对偏差分别为1.732%和2.977%,计算值与实验数据吻合很好。     

液体非电解质水溶液粘度的预测

在Teju-Rice液体混合物粘度模型的基础上,对常用的液体混合物粘度关联式进行了分析和比较;导出了适用于二元和多元非电解质水溶液的粘度模型;结合实际数据导出的水溶液二元作用参数的估算式可进行水溶液粘度的预测。用该模型计算了7个体系398个不同温度和组成的二元水溶液和4个体系189个不同温度和组成的三元水溶液的粘度,结果表明,计算值对实验数据的总平均相对偏差分别为6.848%和5.043%,本文水溶液粘度估算式的计算准确性优于Teju-Rice法。     

液体非电解质水溶液粘度的关联

在Teju-Rice液体混合物模型的基础上,对常用的液体混合物粘度关联式进行了分析和比较,导出了适用于二元和多元水溶液的粘度模型。用该模型计算了6个体系388个不同温度和组成的三元水溶液的粘度,计算值对文献实验数据的总平均相对偏差分别为6.09%和5.54%,计算值准确性优于Teju-Rice模型。     

有机物水溶液导热系数的关联

根据对有机物水溶液导热系数影响因素的分析,在Horvath液体导热系数关系式的基础上,导出了估算有机物水溶液导热系数的计算模型;利用该模型计算了14个体系中447个数据点的不同温度和组成的二元水溶液导热系数;结果表明,计算值与实验数据吻合很好,其与实验值的总平均相对偏差为1.03％,计算准确性优于文献方法。本文计算方法简单方便,只需知道水溶液各组分的临界温度、临界体积和导热系数数据,就可以直接预测各种温度和组成的有机物水溶液混合物的导热系数。     

甲醇和乙醇的水溶液粘度、密度和导热系数的估算

根据作者导出的非电解质水溶液的粘度模型,提出了估算低压下甲醇和乙醇水溶液粘度的估算式,并根据对实验数据的回归分析,提出了甲醇和乙醇水溶液的密度和导热系数估算式。利用这些计算式计算了不同温度和组成下的甲醇水溶液和乙醇水溶液的132个粘度数据、130个密度数据和32个导热系数数据,计算值与实验值的平均计算偏差分别为1.888%、0.540%和0.969%;计算了不同温度和组成下的甲醇-乙醇-水三元溶液的115个粘度数据和116个密度数据,计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差分别为2.556%和0.351%。计算结果表明,计算值与实验数据吻合很好。     

有机物混合液导热系数的预测

文章根据液体物质的导热系数与密度的关系,导出了估算有机物混合液导热系数的计算模型。利用该模型计算了53个体系369个数据点的二元有机物混合液导热系数,计算值与实验值的总平均相对偏差为1.434%,计算值与实验数据吻合较好,计算准确性优于文献方法;文章方法简单方便,只需要混合液各组分的临界温度、临界体积和导热系数数据,就可以直接预测各种温度和组成的有机物混合液的导热系数。     

有机物混合液导热系数的估算

通过对液体导热系数与密度关系的分析研究,提出了估算有机物混合液导热系数的计算模型;利用该模型计算了55个体系377个数据点的二元有机物混合液导热系数,计算值与实验值的总平均相对偏差为1.48%,计算值与实验数据吻合很好,计算准确性优于文献方法;本文方法简单方便,只需要混合液各组分的导热系数数据,就可以直接预测各种温度和组成的有机物混合液的导热系数。     

2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇水溶液密度和粘度的测定及关联

常压下采用密度瓶测定了纯液体2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇(MPO)及不同浓度的MPO 水二元体系在298.15~367.15K范围的密度;用乌氏粘度计测定了纯液体MPO及该二元体系在相应温度下的粘度.结果表明:MPO及其水溶液的密度和粘度均随温度升高而减小,密度呈线性衰减,粘度呈指数衰减;一定温度下MPO 水二元体系的密度随浓度变化大约在70%处出现了一极大值. 同时分别由密度和粘度实验数据计算了不同温度及组成下该二元体系的超额摩尔体积V E和混合粘度变化△η,结果V E和△η均为负值, 说明产生了负偏差.并由实验数据拟合出Grunberg-Nissan模型中的MPO-水体系的二元交互参数△Gij,它与温度和组成均有关.     

强缔合体系醋酸-水溶液密度和粘度测定及关联

测定了醋酸水二元体系常压下在298.15—363.15K时的密度和粘度数据,由密度数据计算出超额体积VE的值,并用Redlich Kister方程进行了回归;同时对粘度的数据也按超额性质的方法进行了处理,求出了不同温度不同组成下的ηE值。数据处理过程中发现,ηE/(x1x2)随组成没有变化,在不同温度下为一常数,根据这一特殊现象,建立了由纯物质的粘度数据来计算醋酸水体系在任意温度和组成下的粘度数据,并把所得粘度的计算值和实验值进行比较,120个数据点的平均相对误差为1.1%,结果比较满意。     

聚丙烯腈—硫氰酸钠水溶液的流变方程

测定了聚丙烯腈 -硫氰酸钠水溶液在不同浓度下的流变性能 ,分别建立了剪切速率、温度、浓度与粘度的关系 ,进一步得到以剪切速率、温度、浓度为自变量的粘度关联式 ,将关联式应用于浓度的计算 ,计算值与实验值误差小于 2 %。     

288.15K-308.15K(Poloxamerl88+乙醇/丙酮+水)三元体系的密度和黏度

The densities and viscosities of ternary systems(Poloxamer 188+ethanol/acetone+water)were meas- ured at 288.15,293.15,298.15,303.15,308.15 K and atmospheric pressure for different mass fractions of Poloxamer 188(0 to 0.02)in aqueous solution and different solvent volume fractions of ethanol/acetone(0 to 0.3)in Poloxamer 188 aqueous solution.The densities were measured by a pycnometer,while the viscosities were measured using two Ubbelohde capillary viscometers.The correlations of density and viscosity of these ternary systems are obtained by fitting the experimental data at different temperatures,mass fractions and volume fractions.     

Kinematic viscosity prediction for aqueous solutions with various solutes

In numerous research areas knowledge of aqueous solutions viscosity is very important to interpret the experimental data or to use it in simulation studies. When Kumar’s semitheoretical equation for prediction of the dynamic viscosity of a solution of a single electrolyte is modified for prediction of kinematic viscosities, it is found that the resulting expression is valid both for salts and for certain organic solutes. The parameters characterizing individual solutes in aqueous solution at temperatures between 293.1 and 323.1 K also allow prediction of the kinematic viscosities of solutions of multiple solutes in the same temperature and concentration range, with overall errors of <2.5% in 36 of 39 multi-component systems.     

氧气在醋酸水溶液中的Henry系数计算模型

高温下氧气在醋酸水溶液中的Henry系数目前还没有合适的计算方法。胡英等(1985)提出的扩展定标粒子理论虽然可在广泛的温度范围内适用于多种体系,但目前还没有将这一模型应用于有机酸溶液的报道。文中对扩展定标粒子理论进行了二点改进,一是考虑了热力学参数对温度的依赖关系;二是针对有机酸溶液的特点对氧气的有效大小参数进行了调整,建立了氧气在醋酸水溶液中的Henry系数计算模型。模型参数由文献实验数据回归得到,模型计算结果与文献报道值基本一致,所建立的模型可用于关联和预测不同温度(273—500 K)、不同醋酸摩尔分数(0—100%)下氧气在醋酸水溶液中的Henry系数。     

一种界面活性剂减阻溶液的流变特性

利用ARES流变仪对具有湍流减阻作用的阳性界面活性剂CTAC/NaSal水溶液的剪切黏度进行了测量。溶液的质量浓度范围为5×10-5 ～2×10-4,温度范围为20～40℃。对实验数据的分析发现,Giesekus模型可较好地拟合不同浓度和温度下界面活性剂溶液的剪切黏度。得到了不同溶液浓度下Giesekus模型参数与温度的关联式,从而揭示了溶液减阻特性与其流变特性的内在联系。利用对向喷嘴装置RFX流变仪对CTAC/NaSal水溶液的拉伸黏度进行了测量。     

苏氨酸水溶液在298.15K到328.15K区间液相扩散系数的测定和关联

The diffusion coefficients of aqueous L-threonine solutions were determined from 298.15K to 328.15K by the metallic diaphragm cell method with accuracy, promptness and convenience. Meanwhile, the densities and viscosities of the solutions were also determined and correlated. Based on a seml-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of some amino acids in their aqueous solutions, a new semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients involving temperature was provided, which is more comprehensive and less experiment dependent compared to the previous model. The fitting results are satisfactory. Compared to a former model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of solid organic salts in their aqueous solutions, this model provides significant improvement in correlation of diffusion coefficients with different temperatures avoiding arduous work.     

L-抗坏血酸在葡萄糖和蔗糖溶液中的黏度及其热力学性质的研究

Visosities and densities at ,several temperatures from 293.15 K to 313.15K are reported for L-ascorbic acid in aqueous glucose and sucrose solutions at different concentrations.The parameters of density,Viscosity coefficient B and partial molar volume are calculated by regression.The experimental results show that densities and viscositis decrease as temperature increases at the same solute and solvent (glucose and sucrose aueous solution)concentrations,and increase with concentration of glucose and sucrose at the same solute concentration and temperature,B increases with concentration of glucose and sucrose and temaperature,L-ascorbic acid is sturcture-breaker or structure-making for the glucose and sucrose aqueous solutions ,Furthermore,the solute-solvent interactions in ternary systems of water-glucose-electrolyte and water-sucrose-electrolyte are discussed.     

Dynamic modeling with experimental calibration for the syngas production from biomass fixed-bed gasification

In this article, a dynamic biomass gasification model was developed based on the hybrid peripheral fragmentation and shrinking-core model. To improve the accuracy of syngas generation transient prediction, the chemical kinetic model was trained using global surrogate optimization techniques. The pre-exponential corrections of kinetic reaction rates are calibrated under noncatalytic conditions, employing experimental transient data of syngas generation rate and compositions under different temperatures and gasifying agents. The Dynamic Coordinate search using Response surface model and the Gap Optimized Multi-objective Optimization using Response Surfaces framework were employed as the numerical solvers for finding the global optimum solution of the pre-exponential factors. The calibrated particle-level kinetic models based on both single-objective and multi-objective approaches have been validated by experimental data in four different biomass gasification scenarios. The calibrated model shows an over 95% decrease in terms of integrated squared error (ISE)-based model mismatch when compared with the original model.