高效水稳剂YSS-96的合成及性能研究

以水为溶剂，过硫酸铵为引发剂，丙烯酸（AA）、2－丙烯酸胺－2－甲丙基磺酸（AMPS）和马来酸酐（MAn）为单体，合成了AA／AMPS／MAn三元共聚物（代号YSS－96），并对其阻垢和缓蚀性能进行了评定。结果表明，该共聚物不仅具有优良的阻垢分散性能，而且对碳钢也有较好的缓蚀作用，是一种性能优异的稳定剂。     

含磷AA/AMPS共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂，丙烯酸（AA），2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）和次磷酸钠为原料，合成了含磷AA/AMPS共聚物阻垢分散剂。探讨了单体配比，引发剂用量，反应温度等对共聚物阻垢性能的影响。得出了最佳合成条件：m(AA);m(AMPS)=75:25，引发剂与单体（AA和AMPS）的质量比为10%，反应时间4h，反应温度90℃，并采用静态实验法评价了共聚物的阻垢性能，结果表明，含磷AA/AMPS共聚物阻垢性能优良。     

IPPA／AA／HPA三元共聚物的合成及性能评定

以三氯化磷、丙酮和冰乙酸为原料合成异丙烯膦酸（IPPA）单体,并在以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂的条件下,与丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酸羟丙酯（HPA）反应制得了异丙烯膦酸-丙烯酸-丙烯酸羟丙酯三元共聚物。并对其阻垢和缓蚀性能进行了评定。结果表明：该共聚物不仅具有优良的阻垢分散性能,而且对碳钢也有很好的缓蚀作用,是一种性能优异的新型水质稳定剂。     

AA／AMPS／HPA三元共聚物的合成及性能评定

以过硫酸铵—次亚磷酸钠为氧化还原体系,丙烯酸(AA),2—丙烯酰胺—2—甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为原料合成了AA/AMPS/HPA三元共聚物,并对其阻垢和缓蚀性能进行了评定,结果表明,AA/AMPS/HPA共聚物不仅本身为性能优越的分散阻垢剂,并能与多种缓蚀剂和阻垢缓蚀剂复合使用,是一种具有很好推广应用前景的高效水稳剂。     

丙烯酸/2—丙烯酰胺基—2—甲基丙磺酸共聚物的合成

以丙烯酸（AA）、2－丙烯酰胺基－2－甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）为原料，合成了一种水溶性共聚物阻垢剂。测定了共聚物的阻垢分散性能；探讨了单体配比、反应温度、分子量调节剂等对共聚物阻垢性能的影响。     

共聚物阻垢分散剂的合成与性能

以水为溶剂,过硫酸盐为引发剂,丙烯酸（AA）和2丙烯酰胺基2甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）及丙烯酸羟丙酯（HPA）为单体合成了AA AMPS HPA三元共聚物阻垢分散剂。研究了单体配比、引发剂用量和反应温度及分子量调节剂用量对共聚物阻垢分散性能的影响,得出了较佳的合成条件。以此条件合成的共聚物既具有较好的阻碳酸钙及磷酸钙垢性能,又具对氧化铁有很好的分散性能。     

SSS—AMPS—AA共聚物阻垢剂的合成

以苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）和丙烯酸（AA）为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,次亚磷酸钠为链转移剂,在水相中合成了SSS／AMPS／AA共聚物,通过正交实验确立了最佳合成工艺条件。利用静态试验法评价了合成产物阻CaCO3垢性能,探讨Tel发剂的用量、链转移剂用量、反应温度对共聚物阻垢性能的影响。     

共聚物阻垢剂AA/APEY的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、大分子单体烯丙基聚氧乙烯基羧酸（APEY）为原料,利用自由基聚合反应在水相中制得聚醚型无磷共聚物阻垢剂AA/APEY.研究了共聚物单体质量配比、阻垢剂用量对AA-APEY阻碳酸钙、磷酸钙和硫酸钙性能的影响.结果表明AA/APEY具有优异的阻垢性能.     

一种含磷阻垢分散剂的反相乳液合成及性能

研究了以环己烷为分散介质，油／水比例为1．5，Span80-Tween80为乳化剂，过氧化氢为引发剂，以丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酰胺（AM）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和次亚磷酸钠（SH）为单体合成共聚物（AA—AM—MMA—SH）阻垢分散剂。通过静态阻垢实验评定该共聚物对水中CaCO3，Ca3（PO4）2，CaSO4的阻垢效果，探讨了药剂用量、恒温温度、溶液pH值、水体硬度等因素对阻垢性能的影响，及共聚物分散氧化铁的性能。并利用红外光谱（IR）法对其结构进行了表征。实验结果表明：合成的阻垢剂具有较好分散性能及耐高温，高硬度，宽pH值等优良阻垢性能。     

以水为溶剂马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以水做溶剂,采用自制的催化剂合成了马来酸酐（MA）－丙烯酸（AA）共聚物（MA／AA）,考察了合成条件与共聚物性质的关系。探讨了共聚物对CaCO3、Ca3（PO4）和CaSO4的阻垢率与引发剂用量、滴加时间以及单体配比之间的关系。实验结果表明,合砀共聚物对碳酸钙、硫酸钙、磷酸钙具有良好的阻垢性能。在药剂用量为12mg/L时,对碳酸钙的阻垢率达98％以上;对硫酸钙、磷酸钙也分别为58％和69％。该共聚物可用作工业循环冷却水的阻垢剂。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.