聚甲醛生产中的挥发分脱除北大核心

根据聚甲醛的生产特点,通过研究双螺杆挤出机的脱除挥发分(简称脱挥)机理,结合聚甲醛实际生产的脱挥工艺,从螺杆组合、螺杆转速、进料量、筒体温度、螺杆长径比等方面分析了影响挤出机脱挥效率的主要因素,给出了适合聚甲醛生产的工艺参数:进料量与螺杆转速的比值维持在18~20,筒体温度为180~195℃,真空度维持在0.01 MPa以下。通过对现有挤出机脱挥系统的优化改造,使脱挥后聚甲醛中甲醛挥发量达100μg/g以下。     

聚甲醛生产中的挥发分脱除

根据聚甲醛的生产特点,通过研究双螺杆挤出机的脱除挥发分(简称脱挥)机理,结合聚甲醛实际生产的脱挥工艺,从螺杆组合、螺杆转速、进料量、筒体温度、螺杆长径比等方面分析了影响挤出机脱挥效率的主要因素,给出了适合聚甲醛生产的工艺参数:进料量与螺杆转速的比值维持在18~20,筒体温度为180~195℃,真空度维持在0.01 MPa以下。通过对现有挤出机脱挥系统的优化改造,使脱挥后聚甲醛中甲醛挥发量达100μg/g以下。     

双螺杆挤出机在高比例溶剂POE脱挥及挤压造粒中的应用

对双螺杆挤出机在聚烯烃弹性体（POE）制备过程中高比例溶剂脱挥及挤压造粒应用进行了介绍,并经过试验平台验证,探索出“可控分布脱挥技术”,通过脱挥过程中各个区段不同的工艺要求,设置不同的工艺温度和螺杆的组合排列,同时通过合理控制各个区段不同的真空要求;最终利用双螺杆挤出机将POE流体中的高比例溶剂（质量分数为75 %的溶剂）脱挥至50~200 ppm;同时,阐述了在脱挥过程中的技术关键点,这对大型双螺杆脱挥机组的设计起到了良好的技术支撑作用。     

水溶性丙烯酸树脂双螺杆脱挥挤出设备及工艺技术研究

综述了水溶性丙烯酸树脂的使用情况和生产工艺,重点介绍了其脱挥工艺及设备,分析了双螺杆脱挥挤出机的国内外发展概况、脱挥原理、优点和主要技术参数等,并提出了关于双螺杆脱挥挤出机传热设计、脱挥口及真空度设计、螺杆元件及组合设计等方面的建议。     

基于时温等效评估常温下PP的VOC释放速率

利用热老化试验箱进行聚丙烯(PP)粒料的高温加速脱挥试验,基于时温等效原理研究PP中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)含量随时间和温度的变化情况.结合经验公式非线性拟合PP中TVOC含量随时间变化曲线.结果表明,拟合曲线与试验数据较为吻合.在此基础上,利用Arrhenius方程、经验公式计算并预测常温下PP中VOC完全释放...     

汽车内饰用低VOC含量聚丙烯复合材料的制备

通过研究基体材料、除味母粒、真空度对聚丙烯复合材料挥发性有机物(VOC)含量的影响,得到了一种汽车内饰用低VOC含量聚丙烯复合材料。结果表明:与采用可控氧化降解法制备的聚丙烯相比,采用氢调法制备的聚丙烯(简称氢调法聚丙烯)与其苯类物质含量基本相当,但醛类物质含量明显更低;以氢调法聚丙烯为基础树脂,添加除味母粒LDV1040,复合材料的总VOC(TVOC)含量显著降低,力学性能略微下降,同时,辅助真空脱挥系统可以进一步降低小分子VOC含量;当LDV1040的质量分数不低于3%,真空度不低于0.08 MPa时,可以制备力学性能优良、TVOC含量为20.0μg/g的汽车内饰用低VOC含量聚丙烯复合材料。     

聚丙烯中挥发性有机物释放行为的研究

采用自动吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法研究了聚丙烯(PP)中挥发性有机物(VOC)的种类、含量以及加热温度、加热时间对VOC释放行为的影响。结果表明:不同牌号的PP在一定温度下可释放出多达50余种VOC,其中绝大部分是长碳链的烷烃;加热温度对PP中VOC的释放有显著影响;在不同温度下,不同牌号PP的总挥发性有机物(TVOC)的释放量不同;TVOC释放量随加热时间的增加而缓慢增加,直至趋于稳定。     

羟基聚硅氧烷在单螺杆挤出机中的脱挥

研究了α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷在单螺杆挤出机中的脱挥,分析了影响脱挥效果的因素。结果表明,温度与真空度是影响脱挥效果的关键参数。温度升高,脱挥效果提高,最佳温度200～220℃;真空度升高,脱挥效果提高,但同时增加了冒料的可能性,适宜的真空度为24～28kPa。得出了实验范围内的挥发分最终质量分数与螺杆转速及进料流量的关联式。     

通过挤出反应制备耐老化的高熔体强度聚丙烯

在引发剂双25作用下,采用聚丙烯(PP)与二乙烯基苯(DVB)进行挤出反应,利用双螺杆挤出机制备耐老化高熔体强度聚丙烯。结果表明,增加反应单体DVB含量、降低双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速、提高给料速率,均能提高挤出反应产物的熔体强度,同时降低产物的熔体流动速率(MFR),其中,螺杆转速对产物的熔体强度影响较大;当抗氧剂含量为0.3%时,挤出反应可以在双螺杆挤出机中稳定持续地进行;加入的引发剂已经在挤出过程中完全反应,挤出反应产物的氧化诱导期可达到13 min,具有长期稳定性;与原料PP的测量值(480 Pa·s)相比,采用MFR法得到的产物熔体强度(5 500 Pa·s)明显提高。     

低气味、低VOC聚丙烯共混物的研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)共混物,利用力学性能测试和TDS-GC/MS分析手段考察了吸附剂、萃取剂以及真空度对PP共混物力学性能、气味和挥发性有机物(VOC)的影响。结果表明:随着吸附剂、萃取剂和真空度的增加,PP共混物的气味和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)随之降低,而力学性能变化不大;另外,随着吸附剂含量的增加,PP共混物的吸湿性会随之增强;在PP共混物中,当吸附剂和萃取剂含量分别为0.5%、1.5%时,综合性能最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.