汽车车架结构多目标拓扑优化方法研究

为了研究以静态多工况下刚度和动态振动频率为目标函数的车架拓扑结构,提出了一种结构的多目标拓扑优化研究方法。基于实体各向同性材料惩罚函数的拓扑优化方法,采用折衷规划法定义多目标拓扑优化和多刚度拓扑优化的目标函数,而振动固有频率拓扑优化的目标函数则采用平均频率法定义。通过优化得到了同时满足静态刚度和振动低阶频率要求的汽车车架结构拓扑。该方法避免了单目标拓扑优化无法考虑其他因素的缺点,适合连续体结构的多目标拓扑优化。     

汽车车架结构多目标拓扑优化方法研究

为了研究以静态多工况下刚度和动态振动频率为目标函数的车架拓扑结构,提出了一种结构的多目标拓扑优化研究方法。基于实体各向同性材料惩罚函数的拓扑优化方法,采用折衷规划法定义多目标拓扑优化和多刚度拓扑优化的目标函数,而振动固有频率拓扑优化的目标函数则采用平均频率法定义。通过优化得到了同时满足静态刚度和振动低阶频率要求的汽车车架结构拓扑。该方法避免了单目标拓扑优化无法考虑其他因素的缺点,适合连续体结构的多目标拓扑优化。     

中型氢燃料电池货车车架多目标拓扑优化设计

以某中型氢燃料电池货车车架为研究对象,基于变密度法拓扑优化理论,实现了车架静态多工况刚度最大化和提高动态低阶固有频率的目标。保留车架附属连接件,以原车架外廓尺寸建立拓扑优化空间,采用各向同性材料惩罚函数进行多目标拓扑优化,获得最佳的车架结构布局,进行新车架结构设计。结果表明,新车架中部承载能力优于已经通过模态试验验证的原车架,最大应力下降35.6%;第一阶固有频率提高1.9 Hz,能够避开路面激励能量最大的区域;同时车架质量减轻7.8%,实现了氢燃料电池货车车架结构的专用化和轻量化设计。     

数控转塔冲床横梁结构多目标拓扑优化设计

提出一种新的横梁结构多目标拓扑优化设计方法,避免了传统的单目标优化设计方法无法同时考虑多个目标的问题。该方法基于拓扑优化思想,将横梁设为设计域与非设计域,以设计域各单元密度为设计变量,基于加权欧氏距离法建立使静柔度最小化与模态频率最大化的多目标拓扑优化的目标函数,以体积分数为设计约束,对横梁结构进行多目标拓扑优化;结果表明,在横梁质量基本保持不变的情况下,横梁静刚度提高了17.8%,一阶固有频率增加了4.98%,优化效果显著。     

广义平均距离公式在结构优化中的应用研究

针对静态多工况刚度和动态振动频率为目标的多目标优化问题,对广义平均距离公式做了研究,并且将其理论应用在结构多目标优化问题中。通过对平均距离公式中的变量赋予不同的参数,最终灵活地构建出不同的目标函数数学模型;采用加权平均的方法确定刚度和频率的综合目标函数。通过一个实例对其建立的目标函数进行验证,并将在随机抽出的四种目标函数在结果上做了简单对比。研究结果表明,采用目标函数一和目标函数四使第一阶固有频率增加了11.22%,采用目标函数二和目标函数三分别使第一阶固有频率提高了24.02%和22.98%,同时优化后各工况的最后的柔度数值结果基本相同,从而说明了广义平均距离公式思想在构建多目标结构优化数学模型上的可行性和灵活多变性。     

校车底盘车架结构静动态特性拓扑优化设计研究

针对一款城市专用校车底盘车架结构一阶固有频率偏低的问题,研究了其拓扑结构与静动态特性之间的关系,提出了基于静动态特性的校车底盘车架结构多目标拓扑优化设计方法,即以多工况下的底盘车架结构静态刚度和一阶固有频率最大为目标函数,以拓扑区域体积比为约束函数,建立其结构拓扑优化模型,利用Hyper Works的Optistruct软件对底盘车架结构进行多目标拓扑优化设计,结果表明,优化设计的底盘车架结构在静态刚度保持不变的前提下,其动态一阶固有频率提高了34.6%,较好地解决了校车底盘车架动态特性较差的问题。     

基于BESO方法的连续体结构动态特性多目标拓扑优化

为实现动态多目标下的拓扑优化结构设计,以结构动柔顺度最小化和固有频率最大化加权函数为目标,提出基于双向渐进结构优化方法(Bi-direction Evolutionary Structural Optimization, BESO)的连续体结构动态特性多目标拓扑优化方法。基于等效静载荷法(Equivalent Static Loads, ESL),将结构动刚度优化问题转化为多工步载荷作用下的线性静刚度优化问题,结合BESO方法实现结构多工况线性静态优化。分别归一化目标函数和灵敏度,避免不同性质目标函数及灵敏度的量级差异引起的数值奇异性。数值算例结果表明,结构体积约束、频率与动柔顺度综合目标均能渐进收敛于最优目标值,优化结构具有清晰的拓扑构型。随着柔顺度灵敏度、权重因子的减小,优化结构拓扑形式发生显著变化,其动刚度逐渐减小,而固有频率逐渐增加。所提出的频率-动刚度多目标拓扑优化方法能够提高结构动态特性,拓展了BESO方法对结构动力学拓扑优化问题的应用范围。     

某牵引车车架多目标拓扑优化设计

为了得到同时满足静态多工况刚度和动态振动固有频率要求的某牵引车车架结构,将拓扑优化的方法引入到车架的结构设计中。采用折衷规划法定义多刚度拓扑优化的目标函数的数学模型,而振动固有频率拓扑优化的目标函数的数学模型则采用平均频率法定义,综合刚度与振动固有频率的多目标函数的数学模型也采用折衷规划法定义。通过优化得到同时满足刚度和振动频率要求的车架拓扑结构。通过在Hyper Works软件中对车架进行静态和模态仿真,仿真结果表明,车架性能满足工作要求,这也验证了对牵引车车架进行多目标拓扑优化设计是合理可行的。     

数控插齿机床身的静动多目标拓扑优化设计

为了提高数控插齿机床身结构静刚度和动态性能,基于SIMP材料插值方法,采用折衷规划法,建立以刚度最大化和低阶模态频率最大化的多目标拓扑优化模型,对数控插齿机床身进行拓扑优化,得到最佳拓扑形式。根据拓扑形式重构床身模型,并对原结构模型和重构模型进行分析,结果表明,经过拓扑的结构能同时满足数控插齿机床身静刚度和振动低阶频率的要求,为数控插齿机床身结构拓扑优化设计提供一种方案。     

XHGS256龙门加工中心立柱的多目标拓扑优化

为了兼顾龙门加工中心立柱结构具有更高的静动态刚度和更轻的重量的要求,基于SIMP变密度法拓扑优化理论,结合平均频率公式对各优化目标进行折衷化处理,并利用层次分析法选定子目标权重,建立了以立柱结构的相对密度为设计变量,同时考虑最小柔度和最大频率的多目标函数,并将结构体积的百分数作为约束函数对其进行优化得到新的立柱结构方案。结果表明:改进后的立柱质量减少8.96%,最大变形降低38.63%,一阶固有频率提高6.87%,满足设计指标要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.