旋转变压器数据融合与误差补偿的FPGA实现

为提高双通道多极旋转变压器测角系统的精度,提出了基于查表原理的粗、精通道测角数据融合方法。该方法降低了数据融合技术对粗通道旋转变压器原始测角精度的要求,并针对融合后测角误差曲线建立了基于三角函数拟合的误差补偿函数,在FPGA中实现了数据融合和误差补偿的快速计算,且搭建了双通道多极旋转变压器标定实验平台。     

基于光电编码器的旋转角度测量装置的研究与设计

设计了一种基于光电编码器的旋转角度测量装置,该装置将光电编码器与被测物件进行同轴连接,当被测物件转动时带动编码器同步旋转,光电编码器将转动的角度以脉冲的形式输出,主控制器接收到编码器的脉冲信号后将其转换成对应的角度值,并通过数码显示器实时显示。     

XGBoost机器学习在光电编码器误差补偿中的应用

光电编码器检测系统的误差主要受基准光电编码器测角误差、数据采集误差、检测系统同轴误差影响。其中，基准光电编码器的测角误差可进行补偿。因此设计了一种基于极度梯度提升树（extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost）机器学习的算法用来补偿基准光电编码器的误差。经该算法补偿后，静态精度提高了35倍，标准差由3.62″减小至0.13″，最大误差值由5.53″降低至0.39″。与传统的误差反传（back progagation,BP）神经网络算法以及径向基函数（radial basis function,RBF）神经网络算法补偿效果相比，XGBoost的补偿效果更优。XGBoost机器学习算法有效降低了基准光电编码器的测量误差，提高了光电编码器检测系统的检测精度。     

异轴间接角度测量系统设计与研制

介绍了一种异轴间接角测量系统。系统中用一旋转编码器与被测轴按任意啮合比进行啮合,在被测轴上贴一零度光标,并用光电传感器把零度光标转变为电脉冲信号。系统先依据零度脉冲记录被测轴正转一周旋转编码器输出的脉冲数,再用单片机依据这一数据和旋转编码器输出的当前脉冲数,计算和显示被测轴当前角度。实验证明这一系统的测量误差小于0．5℃。此系统具有安装简单和调整方便的优点,被成功有于动平衡验机上。     

车载经纬仪的测量误差修正

载车平台变形会直接导致经纬仪方位旋转轴线产生倾斜,从而影响经纬仪的测角精度。为补偿测角精度,实现活动站测量,通过球面几何推导了平台变形对光电经纬仪测角误差影响的修正公式,利用光电轴角编码器精度高、采样频率高的特性,测量出经纬仪坐标系倾斜,经过坐标变换推导出经纬仪倾斜角和倾斜方向,该测量装置通过时统终端与经纬仪望远系统同时记录测角数据及倾斜数据,从而对测角误差进行修正。实验结果表明,该方法能够实时有效地补偿因平台变形而带来的测角误差,使经纬仪不落地测角精度控制在20″内,为实现高精度车载光电测量提供了一种有效的途径。     

基于FPGA的增量式编码器误差自动检测系统

为提高增量式编码器检测精度和效率,实现增量式编码器的自动检测,设计一种基于FPGA的增量式光电编码器自动检测系统,该检测系统能够快速地检测出被检增量式光电编码器的均匀性和正交性误差。首先,利用无刷直流电机带动被检增量式编码器匀速转动;其次,利用FPGA构成高速数据采集系统,自动采集被检编码器的相关数据,并计算出均匀性与正交性误差;最后,通过LCD液晶显示屏显示检测结果。实验结果表明:该检测系统可以准确地检测出分辨力为40″的增量式编码器误差。     

基于后验误差拟合的角位移测量误差补偿

在航天、军事、工业这些对器件的体积有着严格要求的领域,光电编码器不仅要求减小外径尺寸和重量,更要提高其测量精度。本文以光电编码器误差补偿方法为研究对象,基于后验误差拟合方法确定误差模型参数,从而实现对小型光电编码器的深度误差补偿。分析了影响光电编码器测角误差的主要因素,建立了长周期误差和短周期误差模型。然后,采用后验误差拟合算法实现了对误差模型参数的确定,提出误差补偿算法;最后,对某一小型光电编码器进行实验,验证了所提出误差补偿算法的性能。某型号光电编码器补偿前的精度为22.48″,补偿后的精度为5.82″。实验表明,采用后验误差补偿方法可以不考虑误差影响因素的大小,直接对编码器进行误差补偿,具有效率高、补偿准确等优点,极大地提高了批量生产时光电编码器产品的精度。     

双通道多级旋转变压器的标定和基于BP神经网络的误差补偿方法

通过高精度的编码器实现对旋转变压器的标定,为了提高旋转变压器的精度,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的误差补偿方法,用该网络对误差曲线进行训练,再将训练结果写入DSP程序中进行实时补偿。实验结果表明,通过该方法对误差进行补偿,可以将误差从±9′补偿到±0．3′,重复性好。     

莫尔条纹光电信号正交性偏差的实时补偿

为了提高光电轴角编码器的精度,提出了一种实时补偿莫尔条纹光电信号正交性偏差的方法。利用希尔伯特变换原理,构造了同频光电信号正交性偏差的动态测量算法。根据莫尔条纹光电信号的数学模型,揭示了由正交性偏差引起的细分误差的空间分布特征并建立角度补偿模型。鉴于编码器的实际工作特点,采用同步处理方式,在补偿光电信号的同时动态更新了角度代码补偿查找表;通过细分查找表的切换,实现信号正交性偏差的实时补偿。采用该方法对存在约18°正交性偏差的23位光电编码器进行了补偿处理,结果显示:补偿后的编码器的细分误差峰值由4.79"降低到1.26"。该方法可实际应用于编码器系统,能够提高编码器的细分精度、环境适应性和可靠性。     

基于MEMS传感器的高精度电子罗盘研究

针对电子罗盘易受到干扰和成本高等问题,对电子罗盘结构、倾角补偿、误差分析、误差校正等方面进行了研究,对电子罗盘在实际应用中的误差来源和校正算法进行了归纳,提出了基于STM32 ARM Cortex-M3内核单片机以及MEMS传感器构建电子罗盘系统,开展了电子罗盘的误差分析,提出了电子罗盘误差模型,提出用卡尔曼滤波算法对磁阻传感器和加速度计进行了数据融合与滤波,在利用加速度计计算倾角的基础上对电子罗盘进行了倾角补偿,利用Matlab处理上位机采集到的电子罗盘数据,进行了电子罗盘的输出角度和精度试验。研究结果表明,该电子罗盘可获得高精度的静态姿态角。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.