四腔室液压缸（英文）

传统液压控制系统中,普通液压缸在变负载工况下会产生较大的压力波动。针对该情况,设计了四腔室液压缸。通过将活塞杆做成空腔兼做另一缸体的形式,把普通的两腔室液压缸做成具有4个腔室的液压缸。在数字流体动力系统的控制下,系统提供的压力数越多输出力的个数将会越多,以适应工作中的变负载情况。该液压缸节省了使用空间及成本,提高了工作效率,改善了工作效果。     

基于AMESim的闭式液压系统动态特性与热力学分析

为研究某闭式液压转向系统的动态特性并进行热力学分析,建立该液压转向系统的仿真模型及热液压模型。结合设计要求及现场试验,研究液压泵流量、溢流阀压力以及系统负载对转向特性的影响,并对转向液压缸两腔压力进行对比分析。结果表明:较低的流量输出可减小液压冲击,过高的负载会产生较大的液压冲击,加入蓄能器能大幅改善液压缸工作压力的稳定性。通过建立的热液压模型,对系统的温升过程进行了仿真分析,结果表明:溢流阀设定压力对液压缸温升影响较大,应根据负载实际情况设定合适的溢流压力;负载的增加导致液压油温度升高,进而造成溢流损失、液压缸内泄漏增加以及管路摩擦力上升,在实际中应避免系统工作在极端负载状况。通过现场试验,完成了系统参数的重新匹配,改善了液压系统动态特性,同时使得油温大幅下降。研究结果为闭式液压系统动态特性及热力学设计提供了参考。     

液控单向阀在锁紧回路中的控制特性研究

针对液控单向阀在液压锁紧回路中的不同安装位置,在分析不同工况下液控单向阀开启的必要条件和开启工作时的控制压力的基础上,提出液压缸无杆腔进油、有杆腔回油且液压缸承受反向负载时液控单向阀开启压力最大的理念,阐述了控制压力与液压缸的负载、液控单向阀的结构参数M、液压缸的速比φ和回油阻力Δp的关系,从而得出液压缸的速比φ越大、开启压力越大,液控单向阀的结构参数M越大、开启压力越小的结论。     

采用神经网络模糊滑模控制的液压驱动活塞位置控制研究

针对液压驱动活塞运动轨迹和压力精度跟踪误差较大问题,设计了神经网络模糊滑模控制,并对控制精度进行仿真验证。创建了液压缸驱动平面简图,推导出液压缸腔室内部参数变化方程式。分析了液压缸驱动压力和位置的变化,采用线性模型建立输入和输出变换方程式。引用滑模控制方法,采用神经网络算法对滑模控制进行逼近,通过模糊切换规则对滑模控制进行自适应调整。采用MATLAB对液压缸活塞轨迹和腔室压力跟踪进行仿真验证,并且与滑模控制输出效果进行比较和分析。结果表明:采用滑模控制方法,液压缸活塞运动轨迹和腔室压力跟踪误差较大;而采用神经网络模糊滑模控制方法,液压缸活塞运动轨迹和腔室压力跟踪误差较小。采用神经网络模糊滑模控制方法,液压缸控制系统自适应调节能力较强,从而提高了活塞运动轨迹和腔室压力跟踪精度。     

复合式缓冲液压缸在电液负载模拟器中的应用

为解决飞机舵机电液负载模拟器在不同梯度加载实验中,由于舵机主动运动导致液压缸两腔产生强迫流量,进而产生多余力干扰的问题,提出基于复合式缓冲液压缸的系统结构设计。根据系统工作原理及液压缓冲结构特点,设计该液压缸的结构形式并建立其数学模型。采用AMESim仿真软件建立执行机构的仿真模型,并进行系统动态特性仿真实验。研究结果表明,该液压缸系统能够减小活塞运行过程中产生的机械碰撞,缓解液压缸两腔的强迫流量压力,抑制并消除多余力干扰,进而提高电液负载模拟器的负载性能,具有较高的工程实践价值。     

纯水液压试验系统的动态试验研究

本文首先简要介绍了自行设计的纯水液压试验系统的工作原理和主要特点，接着讨论了动态测试系统的组成。通过对液压缸无杆腔的压力和其活塞杆位移的采样，针对不同负载作用下液压缸的进口节流和出口节流调速两种情况，研究了其速度-负载特性，得到了一些具有重要价值的结论。最后对试验结果从理论上进行了分析和解释。     

机场货运平台拖车顶升系统液压缸的同步控制

模拟货运平台拖车实际举升过程中的负载工况,提出多缸液压系统的同步控制策略,对举升液压缸采用分组PID控制.对其中的比例调速阀在AMESim环境下建立其模型,并完成了相关参数的优化.仿真结果表明:PID控制能够满足分组控制的精度要求,流量同步控制可以把同步误差控制在0.5 mm范围内,压力和流量同步在缓变负载下能保持优良特性.     

基于简化模型的阀控液压缸活塞运动速度控制方法的研究

对阀控液压缸活塞运动速度的有效控制,有利于提高液压伺服系统的工作精度.设计一种与非线性摩擦力相关的简化模型,用以对液压缸活塞运动速度进行控制.分析比例方向阀控制的液压缸的结构,建立比例方向阀的闭环传输函数.通过液压缸两个腔室的压差,计算比例方向阀中液压介质的体积流量方程,并在此基础上求取液压缸压力值的连续方程,进而得到...     

基于卷积神经网络的液压缸内泄漏检测

由密封损坏引起的液压缸内泄漏会导致液压系统工作的不稳定。本文作者提出一种基于卷积神经网络的检测方法,先经过仿真得到在无泄漏、小泄漏、中等泄漏和大泄漏4种工况下的液压缸一个腔的压力信号,通过卷积神经网络的学习与训练,使其在不确定工况下通过输入压力信号自动地检测液压缸的泄漏程度。相比于传统的建模方法,文中方法克服了在非线性液压系统中建模难点,只需要采集压力信号,且简单可行,具有很高的可靠性;将该方法与传统的BP神经网络作对比,证明该神经网络的优越性     

风力发电机组液压变桨距控制系统建模及研究

选用电液比例阀作为变桨距控制系统的主阀,对比例阀的流量方程、液压缸的流量连续方程以及系统的动力平衡方程等按实际情况进行适当的简化,摒弃以往建模时引入的负载压力和负载流量,建立变桨距系统在开、关桨时的相对精确的数学模型.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.